• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.577-586
• /
• 2021

This study analyzed the research trends related to parenting stress of parents with infancy. To this end, 82 papers in journals registered in the KCI from 1998 to 2019 were reviewed. The frequency and percentage were calculated and analyzed for each research period, research topic, research type, and research subject. The research results were as follows. First, from 1998 to 2019, there was a continuous increase in each period. Second, regarding the research subject, the themes related to parents were the most researched, followed by the child, parenting environment, and parent-child. Among the topics related to parents, research on the variables related to parenting beliefs and behaviors was the highest. Third, quantitative research was absolute, and no qualitative research was conducted. Among the quantitative studies, the most common test method was through a questionnaire. Fourth, regarding each research subject, the research of mothers was dominant, followed by mother-infant, parent, and parent-infant-teacher. This study is significant because it provides an opportunity to broaden the scope of research and academic interest in the parenting stress of infancy parents.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of child rearing behavior and child rearing involvement on elementary school children's stress. The subjects were 201 children selected from 2 elementary schools and their parents. Data was collected using the children's stress index, the child rearing behavior questionnaire, and the child rearing involvement questionnaire, and was statistically analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA (Duncan test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were some significant differences in children's stress according to the child's gender, grade, and scholastic achievement. Correlation analysis indicated that the child's stress and the mother's child rearing behavior had significant correlation, especially the warmth acceptance behavior of the mother indicated negative high correlation. Also, the child's stress and father's child rearing behavior had significant correlation, especially the rejection restriction behavior of the father indicated positive high correlation. Correlation analysis indicated that the child's stress and the mother's child rearing involvement had significant correlation, especially the family activities involvement of the mother indicated negative high correlation. As well, the child's stress and the father's child rearing involvement had significant correlation, especially the day to day guidance involvement of the father indicated negative high correlation. It was also found that rejection restriction behavior of the father, permissiveness non-intervention behavior of the father, day to day guidance involvement of the father, family activities involvement of the father, and warmth acceptance behavior of the mother were all significant predictors of the elementary school child's stress.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.671-679
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a mother/infant-toddler health program developed to enhance parenting knowledge, behavior and confidence in low income mothers and home environment. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. Sixty-nine dyads of mothers and infant-toddlers (aged 0-36 months) were provided with weekly intervention for seven session. Each session consisted of three parts; first, educating to increase integrated knowledge related to the development of the infant/toddler including nutrition, first aid and home environment; second, counseling to share parenting experience among the mothers and to increase their nurturing confidence; third, playing with the infant/toddler to facilitate attachment-based parenting behavior for the mothers. Results: Following the programs, there were significant increases in parenting knowledge on nutrition and first aid. A significant improvement was found in attachment-based parenting behavior, but not in home safety practice. Nurturing confidence was not significantly increased. The program led to more positive home environment for infant/toddler's health and development. Conclusion: The findings provide evidence for mother-infant/toddler health program to improve parenting knowledge, attachment-based parenting behavior and better home environment in low income mothers. Study of the long term effectiveness of this program is recommended for future research.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.561-571
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the relationships between the husband's support, depression, parenting self-efficacy, and parenting behavior of Korean American mothers and their children's self-esteem. The participants were 113 Korean American child-mother dyads (grades 3-8) from Southern California, USA. The data, including the mothers' parenting behavior as assessed by their children, were collected from self-report questionnaires. A path analysis indicated that the effects of the above mentioned variables on the children's self-esteem depended on the subscale model of the parenting behavior. In every subscale model of parenting behavior, the husband's support was positively related to the parenting self-efficacy and the mother's depression was negatively related to the parenting self-efficacy. Further, in the warmth-acceptance model, the husband's support was positively related to the parenting behavior, the mother's depression was negatively related to the parenting behavior, parenting self-efficacy was positively related to both the parenting behavior and the children's self-esteem, and the parenting behavior was positively related to the children's self-esteem. In the rejection-restriction model, the husband's support was negatively related to the parenting behavior, the mother's depression was positively related to the parenting behavior, the parenting self-efficacy was negatively related to the parenting behavior and was positively related to the children's self-esteem, and the parenting behavior was negatively related to the children's self-esteem. In the permissiveness-nonintervention model, the parenting behavior was negatively related to the children's self-esteem. These results, particularly the dependence on the subscale model of parenting behavior, will be helpful in understanding the effects of parenting on Korean American children's self-esteem.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study examined maternal object relations, child's and mother's perception on rearing attitude, and children's self-esteem in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their mothers. Methods : 64 children with ADHD and their mothers were included in the study group. In the control group, there were 85 children and their mothers. Mothers completed the following tests : Bell object relation inventory (BORI), maternal behavior research instrument (MBRI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS). Children completed Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results : Mothers of ADHD children displayed more rejecting and controlling parenting style than mothers in the control group. ADHD children showed lower self-esteem and perceived their parents as not affectionate, but rejecting and controlling. Mothers with ADHD children who belonged to object relations pathological group showed more rejecting rearing attitude and their children believed that they were more controlling, compared with children and mothers in other conditions. Among factors in mother's object relations, insecure attachment and ego-centricity impacted the rearing attitude. In turn, affective rearing attitude mainly influenced children's self-esteem. Conclusion : This study suggests that the approach focused on mother's object relations may help with the treatment of children with ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.135-164
• /
• 1995

자료분석 결과 발견된 사실들을 정리해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 직장에서 발생하는 성적 성가심에 대해 상대적으로 적극적으로 대응하는 여성들은 약 50.6%정도로 나타났다. 이 중에서도 성적 성가심에 대해서 불쾌하게 인식하는 정도도 상대적으로 높고, 불쾌감을 상대에게 표현하며 대응하는 정도도 상대적으로 높은 여성들은 전체 응답자(736명)중에서 약 40%(294명)정도 였다. 성적 성가심에 대하여 불쾌함을 인식하는 정도는 상대적으로 낮으나 상대에게 불쾌함을 표현하며 대응하는 수준은 상대적으로 높은 여성들이 약 10.7%(79명)로 나타났다. 반면에 성적 성가심에 대하여 불쾌하게 인식하는 정도도 상대적으로 낮고 불쾌함을 상대에게 표현하는 정도도 낮은 여성들이 약 32.8%(242명)나 되었다. 약 16.4%(121명)의 여성들은 성적 성가심 상황에서 불쾌하게 인식하는 정도가 상대적으로 높으면서도 상대에게 불쾌감을 표현하며 대응하는 정도는 상대적으로 낮았다. <표 4> 둘째, 직장에서 발생하는 성적 성가심 상황에서 여성이 상대에게 성적 성가심에 대한 자신의 불쾌함을 표현하며 대응하는 능력은 여성의 심리적 특성인 대인의존성과 밀접한 관계가 있다는 사실을 명백하게 확인하였다. 성적 성가심 상황에서 성적 성가심에 대해 상대적으로 불쾌하다고 인식하는 정도가 높으면서 불쾌감을 표현하고 대응하는 수준은 상대적으로 낮은 여성들은 대인 의존도가 상대적으로 높았고, 반대로 성적성가심에 대해 상대적으로 불쾌하게 인식하는 정도가 상대적으로 낮으면서 불쾌감을 표현하며 대응하는 수준은 상대적으로 높은 여성들은 대인 의존도가 상대적으로 높게 나타났는데 이는 주목할만한 사실이다. 세째, 성장시 부모의 상호작용 유형이 성적 성가심과 같은 이성과의 상황에서의 여성들의 대응 반응과 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 발견하였다. 성장시 아버지가 지배적이고 어머니가 순종적인 특성이 뚜렷한 가정에서 성장한 여성들은 부모의 상호작용 유형이 동등한 가정 분위기에서 양육된 여성들에 비해 성적 성가심 상황에서 불쾌함을 표현하며 상대에게 대응하는 수준(강도)자체가 훨씬 낮았고, 성적 성가심에 대해 자신이 불쾌하게 생각하는 정도보다 상대적으로 훨씬 약한 소극적인 대응반응을 보이는 사실도 확인되었다. 성적 성가심 상황에서 상대 남성에 대한 여성들의 대응 반응은 성장시 남성인 아버지에 대한 여성인 어머니의 태도 및 행동의 재현(reenactment)현상으로 나타났다고 해석할 수 있다. 이러한 발견은 특히 동성인 부모가 성역활 사회화의 가장 강력한 모델이라는 학습 이론가들의 주장을 거듭 뒷받침하여 준다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.12-25
• /
• 2003

Objectives：As increasing number of new antidepressants have been being introduced in clinical practice, pharmacological understanding has been broadened. These changes mandate new information and theories to be incorporated into the treatment process of children with depressive disorders. In light of newly coming knowledge, this review intended to recapitulate the characteristics of new antidepressants and to consider the pivotal issues to develope guidelines for the treatment of depression in childhood and adolescence. Methods：Searching the Pub-Med online database for the articles with the key words of 'new', 'antidepressants' and 'children' ninety-seven headings of review articles were obtained. The author selected the articles of pertinent subjects in terms of either treatment guideline or psychopharmacology of new antidepressants. When required, articles about the clinical effectiveness of individual antidepressants were separatedly searched. In addition, the safety information of new antidepressants was acquired by browsing the official sites of the United States Food and Drugs Administration and Department of Health and Human Services. Results：1) For the clinical course, treatment phase, and treatment outcome, the reviews or treatment guidelines adopted the information from adult treatment guidelines. 2) Systematic and critical reviews unambiguously concluded that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) excelled tricyclic antidepressants( TCAs) for both efficacy and side effect profiles, and were recommend for the first-line choice for the treatment of children with depressive disorders. 3) New antidepressants generally lacked treatment experiences and randomized controlled clinical trials. 4) SSRIs and other new antidepressants, when used together, might result in pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic drug-to-drug interaction. 5) The difference of the clinical effectiveness of antidepressants between children and adults should be addressed from developmental aspects, which required further evidence. Conclusion：Treatment guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of childhood and adolescence depression could be constructed on the basis of clinical trial findings and practical experiences. Treatment guidelines are to best serve as the frame of reference for a clinician to make reasonable decisions for a particular therapeutic situation. In order to fulfill this role, guidelines should be updated as soon as new research data become available.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the main and interaction effects of mothers' parental internal attributions and neuroticism on self-perception of the parental role. Methods: A total of 138 mothers with toddlers in Seoul and other big cities in Korea completed questionnaires, and data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results were as follows: First, mothers who attributed their successful parenting to ability showed lower satisfaction, and mothers who attributed their successful parenting to ability and effort showed higher feelings of equilibrium. Mothers with higher levels of neuroticism showed higher competence, parental investment, and satisfaction in their self-perception of the parental role. Second, there were significant interaction effects between ability attribution and neuroticism on feelings of equilibrium, between effort attribution and neuroticism on feelings of equilibrium, between ability attribution and neuroticism on competence, and between effort attribution and neuroticism on parenting investment. Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that neuroticism showed a positive effect on self-perception of the parental role because neuroticism indicates sensitivity in parenting. Further, the effects of neuroticism on self-perception of the parental role differed by mothers internal attribution.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of smartphone addiction tendency on the relationship between depression of mothers with 3 to 5 year-old children and rejecting-neglecting parenting style. Methods: Three hundred and twenty-eight mothers answered questionnaires on three research variables. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation analyses and regression analyses were conducted. Results: First, mothers' depression, smartphone addiction tendency and rejecting-neglecting parenting style showed positive correlations, respectively. Specifically, mothers with a high level of depression were more addicted to smartphones and exhibited more rejecting-neglecting style of parenting. Also, mothers who were more obsessed with smartphones showed more rejecting-neglecting parenting style. Second, this study found partial mediating effects of smartphone addiction tendency on the relationship between depression and rejecting-neglecting parenting style. Conclusion/Implications: This study confirmed that mothers' depression and smartphone overuse had an influence on their negative parenting behaviors. The results of this study address the need of various interventions for mothers to decrease their depression and smartphone overuse.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the structural relationships of child negative emotionality, mother rejective parenting, teacher-child conflict, and child emotion regulation on child aggression. Methods: The participants in this study were 3- to 5-year-old kindergarten children, their mothers, and their teachers (all of whom lived in Busan). The data were analyzed using PASW Statistics 18.0 and AMOS 21.0. For data analysis, frequency, Cronbach's alphas, Pearson's correlation coefficients, SEM were used. Results: First, mother rejective parenting had an indirect effect on child aggression through child emotion regulation. Second, teacher-child conflict had a direct effect on child aggression and had an indirect effect on child aggression through child emotion regulation. Third, child negative emotionality had an indirect effect on child aggression through mother rejective parenting and teacher-child conflict and child emotion regulation. Conclusion: These finding suggest the importance of mediating effect of mother rejective parenting, teacher-child conflict and child emotion regulation between child negative emotionality and aggression.