• Title/Summary/Keyword: 양조

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Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Properties of Omija Wines Fermented by Active Dry Yeast Strains (활성건조효모를 이용한 오미자 발효주의 이화학 및 관능 특성)

  • Lee, Si-Hyung;Park, Hae-Kyung;Kim, Myung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.739-742
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    • 2010
  • In order to select a superior yeast, 8 kinds of commercial active dry yeasts (Lalvin 1116, Lalvin 1118, Lalvin D-47, Lalvin Bourgovin, Parisienne, Fermivin, Red Star Monrachet, and Red Star Premier Cuvee) were utilized for omija wine fermentation. During fermentation, the physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties of the various omija wines were evaluated. According to the results, pH and titratable acidity were in ranges of 3.0-3.3% and 1.8-2.4%, respectively. Sugar content was $24^{\circ}Bx$ at early fermentation and changed to $8.4-10.2^{\circ}Bx$ at 24 days of fermentation. While the omija wines fermented by Lalvin D-47 and Red Star Premier Cuvee showed the highest alcohol contents (13.0%), the omija wine fermented by Parisienne showed the lowest alcohol content (10.8%). The omija wine fermented by Lalvin 1118 had an alcohol content of 12.0% and showed the lowest yeast count of 5.8 log CFU/mL. Hunter's values (L, a, and b) were all different among the 8 omija wines. Moreover, the omija wine fermented by Lalvin 1118 showed the highest scores for taste ($6.75{\pm}1.68$), swallowing ($6.65{\pm}1.50$), and overall acceptability ($6.70{\pm}1.34$). It is concluded that Lalvin 1118 was the best yeast among 8 tested commercial active dry yeasts, having a high potential for omija wine fermentation.

pH, Acidity, Color, Amino Acids, Reducing Sugars, Total Sugars, and Alcohol in Puffed Millet Powder Containing Millet Takju during Fermentation (팽화차조 첨가에 따른 조 막걸리의 양조 중 pH, 산도, 색도, 아미노산, 환원당, 총당 및 알코올 함량 변화)

  • Kim, Ji-Young;Yi, Young-Hyoun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.6
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    • pp.727-732
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    • 2010
  • The pH, acidity, color, amino acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, and alcohol contents of puffed millet powder supplemented with different concentrations of millet takju were investigated during 10 days of fermentation. The pH ranged from 4.06 to 4.58 at day 1 but decreased drastically to 3.55-3.64 at day 2. With the exception of day 1, a higher pH was observed with a higher concentration of puffed millet powder (p<0.05). Acidity tended to increase quickly over time, especially for the 0% sample after day 4 (p<0.05). The sudden increase of acidity at day 2 agreed with the pH decrease. A lower concentration of puffed millet powder resulted in a greater Hunter "L" value (p<0.05) and tended to show lower Hunter "a" and higher Hunter "b" values on the same day. Amino acids increased over time, and a higher concentration of puffed millet powder resulted in lower amino acid content on the same day after day 3 (p<0.05). After a rapid reduction in reducing sugar on day 2 (p<0.05), minimal differences were observed in the samples after day 4. The 75% puffed millet powder sample showed the highest reducing sugar content, except on days 8 and 9 (p<0.05). Total sugars decreased rapidly by day 3, and then either remained unchanged or decreased after day 4. Higher alcohol concentrations were observed with higher concentrations of puffed millet powder, except on day 1 (p<0.05).

Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation(ANAMMOX) in a Granular Sludge Reactor and its Bio-molecular Characterization (입상 슬러지 반응조 내의 혐기성 암모늄 산화(ANAMMOX) 및 분자생태학적 특성 평가)

  • Han, Ji-Sun;Park, Hyun-A;Sung, Eun-Hae;Kim, Chang-Gyun;Yoon, Cho-Hee;Bae, Young-Shin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.11
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    • pp.1213-1221
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    • 2006
  • In this study, granular sludge used in an anaerobic process treating brewery waste was inoculated in a laboratory scale of reactor to induce anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX). The reactor was operated with synthetic wastewater, which prepared at 1:1 ratio of $NH_4^+-N$ over $NO_2^--N$. Changes in nitrogen concentration, COD, alkalinity and gas production were analyzed. There are 3 phases of spanning in experimental period according to influent nitrogen concentration. In the Phase 1, each of the concentration of $NH_4^+-N$ and $NO_2^--N$ were increased from 1.91 $gN/m^3{\cdot}d$ to 14.29 $gN/m^3{\cdot}d$. Ammonium nitrogen loading(same as nitrite nitrogen) was 23.81 $gN/m^3{\cdot}d$ in the Phase 2 and 19.05 $gN/m^3{\cdot}d$ in the Phase 3, respectively $NO_2^--N$ has been removed up to 99% during whole period while the removal efficiency of $NH_4^+-N$ was significantly varied. In Phase 2, $NH_4^+-N$ was removed up to 75%. Microorganisms varied temporally through three phases were characterized by 16s rDNA analysis methods. ANAMMOX bacteria were dominantly found in phase 2 when the removal rate of $NO_2^--N$and $NH_4^+-N$ was the highest up to 99% and 75%, respectively. Due to erroneous exposed to air, the removal efficiency of $NH_4^+-N$ was unexpectedly lowered, but ANAMMOX bacteria still existed.

Studies on Persistence of Pesticides in Soils and Crops under Polyethylene Film Mulching Culture;III. Persistence of Soil Insecticides Endosulfan, Fonofos and Ethoprophos (폴리에틸렌 멀칭재배시(栽培時) 농약(農藥)의 토양(土壤) 및 작물체중(作物體中) 잔류(殘留)에 관한 연구(硏究);제(第)3보(報) 토양살충제 Endosulfan, Fonofos, Ethoprophos의 잔류성(殘留性))

  • Ryang, Hwan-Seung;Moon, Young-Hee;Kim, Nak-Eung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 1988
  • This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyethylene film(P.E.) mulching on degradation of the soil insecticides, endosulfan(6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide), fonofos(O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), and ethorprophos(O-ethyl S, S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate) in red pepper, peanut, and sesame fields. Degradation of endosulfan, fonofos and ethoprophos in the soils under P.E. mulching and non-mulching followed first-order kinetics. The half-lives of fonofos, ethoprophos, ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-endosulfan$ were $19{\sim}21$, $25{\sim}37$, $33{\sim}39$ and $56{\sim}81$ days, respectively. There were few differences in the half-lives of fonofos in either mulching or non-mulching concitions. However, half-lives of α-endosulfan, ethoprophos, and ${\beta}-endosulfan$ were 6, 12 and 25 days longer under P.E. mulching than under non-mulching conditions, respectively. The effect of P.E. mulching on degradation was remarkable for the slower degrading insecticides. Residues of ethoprophos in the harvested sesame under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were 0.024 and 0.074ppm, respectively. Residues of fonofos in the harvested peanuts under P.E. mulching and non-mulching conditions were 0.078 and 0.017ppm, respectively. However, no endosulfan was detected in the harvested red peppers under either condition.

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Effect of High-Protein Korean Malting Barley on Malt Quality (한국산 고단백질 맥주보리가 맥아 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kwan-Bae;Kang, Kook-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.407-412
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out to investigate the differences in malt quality between high-protein Korean malting barley and low-protein Korean malting barley. The average protein content of each area in the 1996 crops was as follows; The protein content of Doosan-29 from Jeon-Nam was 14.1% (d.b), that of Sacheon-6 from kyung-Nam was 13.4% (d.b) and that of Doosan-8 from Je-Ju was 12.8% (d.b). In the micro malting trial for high and low protein malting barley, the original protein level of the malting barley was not changed and decreased during germination days. The malt friability of high-protein malting barley was very low, but that of low-protein malting barley was high. The malt friability of high-protein malting barley was 44.5% and that of low-protein malting barley was 84.2%. In proportion to an increase of +1% (d.b) in barley protein, the fine grind extract of malt was decreased -0.86% (d.b). Economically, it was the most negative factor for high-protein Korean malting barley. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content of high-protein malting barley was higher than that of low-protein malting barley. Wort viscosity and malt color were increased and Kolbach index was decreased in high-protein malting barley. Free amino nitrogen and diastatic power for high-protein malting barley were higher than those of low-protein malting barley. They were the most positive factors for high-protein Korean malting barley.

Quality Characteristics of Brown Rice Vinegar by Ferment Ratio (발효제 비율에 따른 현미식초의 품질특성)

  • Baek, Chang-Ho;Choi, Ji-Ho;Choi, Han-Seok;Jeong, Seok-Tae;Lee, Su-Won;Kwon, Joong-Ho;Woo, Seung-Mi;Jeong, Yong-Jin;Yeo, Soo-Hwan
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.875-883
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    • 2011
  • Brown rice vinegar was made from brown rice mash with different brewing starter addition rates in static culture, and its quality characteristics were investigated. As a result, the amounts of alcohol produced in the fermentation process were shown to be 9.1, 8.8, 8.6 and 8.5% in the Nuruk 75 : crude enzyme 25 (B), Nuruk 50 : crude enzyme 50 (C), Nuruk 25 : crude enzyme 75 (D) and Nuruk 0 : crude enzyme 100 (E), respectively. The higher the percentage of crude enzyme added was, the lower the alcohol content that was produced. Nuruk 100 : crude enzyme 0 (A) was appeared to contain the lowest alcohol content (7.7%). In addition, the titratable acidity in all the groups was about 0.7%. The final titratable acidity (BV) of brown rice vinegar made with static culture was the highest (approximately 5.2%). The initial pH appeared to be between 3.6~4.0 and steadily decreased as the fermentation progressed, and the pH was almost unchanged after 15 day fermentation. The examination of the changes in the organic acids showed that the acetic acid content was similar in all the groups, and that the single starter added (AV, EV) group had much more other organic acids than the mixed starters added (BV, CV, DV) group. From these results, the mixed starters (Nuruk and crude enzyme) added group appeared to be superior to the single starter added in terms of alcohol production ability and vinegar quality. As the future aging process, however, is expected to change the flavor components and sensory characteristics, studies on various quality factors of vinegar are needed.

A High-Eating Quality Rice Variety 'Cheonghaejinmi' Adaptable to Low Nitrogen Fertilizer Application (질소 소비료 적성 고양식미 벼 신품종 '청해진미')

  • Oh, Myung-Kyu;Kim, Yeon-Gyu;Kim, Myeong-Ki;Cho, Young-Chan;Hwang, Hung-Goo;Hong, Ha-Cheol;Choi, Im-Soo;Kim, Jeong-Ju;Lee, Jeom-Ho;Baek, Man-Kee;Choi, Yong-Hwan;Jeong, Jong-Min;Yang, Chang-In;Oh, Sea-Kwan;Choi, In-Bea;Won, Yong-Jae;Chun, A-Reum
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.307-312
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    • 2010
  • 'Cheonghaejinmi' is a new japonica rice variety developed from three-way cross between Samjiyeon/SR14694-57-4-2-1-3-2-2//Iri402 by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. Heading date of this variety is August 18, 4 days later than that of 'Sobibyeo' in middle plain areas. It has culm length of 78 cm, 125 spikelets per panicle, 92.5% of ripened grain rate, and 23.9 g of 1000-brown rice weight. It showed 12 days of heading delay, and 63% spikelet fertility in cold-water irrigation stress. 'Cheonghaejinmi' is susceptible to blast disease, bacterial blight, virus diseases and plant hoppers. The nitrogen use efficiency of this variety is higher than that of Sobibyeo in low nitrogen application level. Milled rice of 'Cheonghaejinmi' exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It has 5.9% protein content, 20.3% amylose content, and 0.28 palatability index of cooked rice compared to -0.11 of Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of 'Cheonghaejinmi' was about 5.31 MT/ha at low nitrogen application level of ordinary season culture. This variety had 98.8% whole grain in milled rice and 76% milling recovery of whole grain. 'Cheonghaejinmi' would be adaptable to middle plain areas and middle-western coastal areas in Korea.

Modern Enterprise & ESG Management philosophy of Gaeseong Ginseng Merchant (개성 인삼상인의 근대기업화와 ESG 경영이념)

  • Ock, Soon Jong
    • Journal of Ginseng Culture
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    • v.3
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    • pp.90-118
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    • 2021
  • Gaeseong fostered the conditions necessary for modern capitalism, as huge capital was accumulated through the cultivation and trade of ginseng, which were activities that flourished in the 18th century. During the Japanese colonial era, ginseng merchants were not simply limited to acquiring landowner capital from ginseng trade but actively converted such resource to productive and financial capital, thereby becoming modern entrepreneurs. Ginseng merchants led the joint management and investment of Gaeseong Electric Co., Ltd., Daehan Cheonil Bank, Gaeseong Brewing Co., Ltd., and Songgo Textile Company, founded in the early 20th century. They pursued corporate profits and, as leading individuals of society, spearheaded regional development by supporting educational and cultural projects in Gaeseong. These projects included the establishment of the Gaeseong Commercial School, the publication of Goryeo Times, and the operation of the Gaeseong Jwa Theater. Although liberal economics prioritized shareholder interest, the 21st century witnessed an emphasis on social responsibility among stakeholders asthe major purpose of enterprises. A trend that emerged was ESG (environment, social, governance) management, in which non-financial factors are valued more highly than financial performance. A successful business, which was denoted only by high profits in the past, is now defined by whether a company fulfills its social responsibility. In the early 20th century, the corporate activities of ginseng merchants in Gaeseong reflected entrepreneurship and stakeholder-centered ESG management, which later emerged as essential elements of modern business management. The modern management philosophy ahead of its times stemmed from the regionality of Gaeseong. The political discrimination against Gaeseong residents in the Joseon Dynasty precluded them from becoming government officers, and under a strict social hierarchy, yangban ("noblemen"), the intellectuals of the Joseon Dynasty, were forced to serve as merchants. Son Bong-sang and Kong Seong-hak, aside from being representative ginseng merchants, were both Confucian scholars and writers. The second and third generations of ginseng merchant families who had received higher education abroad returned to Gaeseong to carry on with their family businesses, then established modern companies with capital accrued from the ginseng industry. An analysis of the commercial activities of ginseng merchants in the early 20th century confirmed that these individuals were pioneering entrepreneurs who adopted the ESG management philosophy. In ginseng merchants, one sees a dimension of capitalism with a human face, as with ginseng thatsaves human life.

Diversification of Rice Quality for Processing. Physicochemical Characteristics and Inheritance of Floury Endosperm Mutants (특수 가공용 미질개발 : 분상질배유 돌연변이 계통의 이화학적특성과 유전)

  • Kim, Kwang-Ho;Koh, Hee-Jong;Lee, Jang-Hoon;Park, Sun-Zik;Heu, Mun-Hue
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.264-274
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    • 1993
  • This study was carried out to assess the agronomic characters and physicochemical properties of floury and chalky-endosperm mutant lines induced by chemical mutagen treatment to rice varieties, Hwacheongbyeo and IR24. Linkage analysis of a floury-endosperm gene was carried out using linkage testers. The grain size of brown rice of the mutants was smaller than that of the original varieties. The l, 000-grain and 1$\ell$ weight were lighter in the mutants compared with those in the original varieties. The compound starch granules in the endosperm cell of the mutants showed a loosely-packed crystalline structure. Amylose contents in mutants ranged from 16.9 to 28.5%. Crude protein contents of the mutants were not significantly different from the original rice variety, Hwacheongbyeo, but white core mutant(line 47106) derived from IR24 showed higher protein(l1.32%) compared with IR24(8.30%). The mutants showed slightly harder gel characteristics, and much lower viscosity in Amylograph than original varieties. Steamed rice-cakes from mutant lines showed greater volume than those from original varieties. During the process of alcohol fermentation, Brix in the mutants(especially floury mutants) decreased faster and the alcohol production after 10-day fermentation was much greater in the mutants than in the original varieties. Three different gene loci for floury endosperm characteristics were identified from the allelism test among mutant lines, and the genes were tentatively symbolized as flo-a, flo-b and flo-c, respectively. A floury gene, flo-a, was linked with lg(liguleless) gene in the linkage group N, with R.V. 5.76$\pm$1.72%.

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Fermentation characteristics of yakju containing different amounts of steam-cooked Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) (돼지감자(Helianthus tuberosus L.)의 첨가량과 증자처리에 따른 약주 발효 특성)

  • Jun-Su Choi;Kyu-Taek Choi;Chan-Woo Kim;Heui-Dong Park;Sae-Byuk Lee
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.155-169
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    • 2023
  • Jerusalem artichoke (JA, Helianthus tuberosus L.) has a great potential to enhance the quality of yakju due to the plentiful inulin content which is functional and indigestible carbohydrate in human. In this study, the optimal preparation conditions such as the added amount and steam treatment of JA were investigated to improve the quality of yakju. As the amount of JA added to yakju increased, alcohol production decreased, whereas fermentation was performed well when the steam-cooked JA was added to yakju. The pH and total acidity of yakju decreased and increased, respectively, when the amount of JA added to yakju increased, whereas pH and total acidity of yakju increased and decreased, respectively, when the steam-cooked JA was added to yakju. The free sugar and organic acid contents of yakju increased and decreased, respectively, when the amount of JA added to yakju increased, whereas those of yakju decreased when the steam-cooked JA was added to Yakju. Amino acid content of JA decreased as the amount of JA added to yakju increased and that of JA significantly decreased when the steam-cooked JA was added to yakju. In the sensory evaluation analysis, the addition of 10% unsteam-cooked JA to yakju was the best when considering sweetness, flavor, sourness, and overall preference of yakju supplemented with JA. Consequently, utilizing JA to yakju may contribute to the improvement of the quality of yakju.