• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-139
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• 1996

The sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata (Say), attacking a sycamore tree, Platatanus orientalis L., was first found in Korea, and was widely distributed in the central part of the country. The adult was milky white in color and 3.0-3.2 mm long, and the matured nymph was black. Heavily infested trees appear yellowish white as a result of feeding by the nymphs on the under surface of leaves.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 1998

The first case of tick bite by Ixones persulcatus in Korea is reported. The lick was found on the skin of right lower axilla region of a 60-year-old woman.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2016

Temperature-dependent development and fecundity of apterious Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were examined at six constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and $35{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$, RH 50-70%, 16L:8D). Development time of nymphs decreased with increasing temperature and ranged from 42.9 days at $10^{\circ}C$ to 4.7 days at $30^{\circ}C$. The nymphs did not develop until adult at $35^{\circ}C$ because the nymphs died during the 2nd instar. The lower threshold temperature and thermal constant of nymph were estimated as $8.3^{\circ}C$ and 101.6 degree days, respectively. The relationships between development rates of nymph and temperatures were well described by the nonlinear model of Lactin 2. The distribution of development times of each stage was successfully fitted to the Weibull function. The longevity of apterious adults decreased with increasing temperature ranging from 24.0 days at $15^{\circ}C$ to 4.3 days at $30^{\circ}C$, with abnormally short longevity of 11.1 days at $10^{\circ}C$. R. padi showed the highest fecundity at $20^{\circ}C$ (38.2) and the lowest fecundity at $10^{\circ}C$ (3.9). In this study, we provided component sub-models for the oviposition model of R. padi: total fecundity, age-specific cumulative oviposition rate, and age-specific survival rate as well as adult aging rate based on the adult physiological age.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2008

With the comparison of native Orius strigicollis (Poppius) to European O. laevigatus (Fieber), we investigated biological characteristics such as developmental period, fecundity, life span, predation ability, and augmentation after release. Experiments were carried out at five temperature condition, $15^{\circ}C\;20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C\;30^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$. In the case of O. strigicollis, egg period was $3.1{\sim}14.9$ days (hatchability: $46.7{\sim}88.2%$), and developmental period of nymphs was $9.4{\sim}42.8$ days (survival rate: $2.4{\sim}96.5%$). Fecundity at each temperature was 28.1, 107.9, 123.6, 127.3, and 18.1, respectively. Life span of adults was 63.4, 40.1, 22.1, 18.3, and 11.0 days, respectively. In the case of O. laevigatus, egg period was $3.1{\sim}13.5$ days (hatchability: $65.0{\sim}89.9%$), and developmental period of nymphs was $9.3{\sim}42.0$ (survival rate: $4.3{\sim}80.6%$) days. Fecundity at each temperature was 101.8, 218.6, 224.5, 219.5, and 15.7. Life span of adults was 70.6, 66.4, 32.6, 34.5, and 7.3 days, respectively. In long-day condition (16L:8D), fecundity of O. strigicollis and O. laevigatus was 105.8 $(18^{\circ}C){\sim}142.4(25^{\circ}C)$ and 109.5 $(18^{\circ}C){\sim}191.5(25^{\circ}C)$, respectively. In short-day condition (10L:14D), fecundity of them was 1.0 $(18^{\circ}C){\sim}31.8(25^{\circ}C)$ and 63.0 $(18^{\circ}C){\sim}198.8(25^{\circ}C)$, respectively. Daily prey consumption of second instar Frankliniella occidentalis was 14.3 and 10.9, respectively. In greenhouse, density of O. strigicollis begins to increase from mid May and peaked about early July (1.8 individual/flower), while that of O. laevigatus begins to increase from mid March and peaked about early June (6.6 individual/flower).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2008

The development of Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) was studied at temperatures ranging from 12.5 to $27.5^{\circ}C$ under $65{\pm}5%$ RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Mortality of $1st{\sim}2nd$ nymph was higher than that of $3rd{\sim}4th$ nymph at the most temperature ranges whereas at high temperature of $27.5^{\circ}C$, more $3{\sim}4th$ nymph stage individuals died. The total developmental time ranged from 16.9 days at $12.5^{\circ}C$ to 6.6days at $22.5^{\circ}C$, suggesting that higher the temperature, faster the development. However, at higher temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ the development took 7.4 days. The lower developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperatures for the total immature stage were $0.08^{\circ}C$ and 162.8 day-degreeslated development. The nonlinear shape of temperature rewas well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. When the normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental times for each life stage were fitted to the three-parameter Weibull function, attendance of shortened developmental times was apparent with in $1{\sim}2nd$ nymph, $3{\sim}4th$ nymph, and total nymph stages in descending order. The coefficient of determination $r^2$ ranged between 0.86 and 0.91.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.439-452
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• 2018

This study was carried out to establish of environment-friendly control system and to survey the occurrence status of Ricania shanthungensis in Jeonnam province from 2016 to 2017. R. shanthungensis occurred at 1,344 ha in 61 towns of 15 cities in Gwangju and Jeonnam province. At four sites in the stationary area, the densities of eggmass and pupae were lower in 2017 than in 2016, the hatching rate decreased, and the first hatching time, emergence of adults, and the start of spawning tended to be slower. Telenomus sp., an egg parasitoid of R. shanthungensis, was found in most areas. Sunchon had the highest rate of 46.1%, followed by Muan 40.6, Goksung 29.2, Gurye 25.8, and Gwangju 17, respectively. The optimum spraying time for the control of R. shanthungensis was early March. The spraying material and the dilution multiples are 10 times of the machine oil at environmental friendly cultivation and 500 times of the chlorpriphosphate wp. at normal cultivation. When sprayed these materials, 95% of egg prohibited to hatch. There was more than 80% of the insecticidal effects on the organic materials of the machine oil emulsion, the Sophora root extrect + microbial extract agent, and the castor emulsion. For adults, Sophora root extrect + microbial extract, neem extract, and machine oil were better. Four kinds of chemical pesticides such as dinotefuran wp were effective for nymph and adult control. We have developed an adult catching device using the most preferred daylight color and behavioral habits of R. shanthungensis. The capture device consisted of two daylight compact lamps (30W and 20W), a yellow plate, and a catcher using water, and caught about 700 individuals a day. Based on the above results, we have established a system for controlling and life cycle of R. shanthungensis in Jeonnam province.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine the effects of temperature and food onthe nymphal development and adult longevity of the green virid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Router. Nymphal period was 13.2 to 13.7 days at 24$^{\circ}C$, 10.4 to 10.9 days at 28$^{\circ}C$, and 9.0 to 9.3 days at 32$^{\circ}C$. Number of eggs predated by nymph was 10.6-14.3 at 24$^{\circ}C$, 7.5-9.2 at 28$^{\circ}C$, and 5.8-7.5 at 32$^{\circ}C$. Amount of predation was highest on BPH, followed by SBPH, WBPH, and GLH. Number of nympal moulting was mostly four times (55-75%) followed by three times (25-45%), regardless of temperature and food. Percent emergence rate was 52-70%, 48-66% and 22-38% at 24$^{\circ}C$, 28$^{\circ}C$ and 32$^{\circ}C$, respectively, showing a tendency to decrease with increasing temperature, and was affected by foods. Adult longevity, when supplied with one food, was 19.8 to 22.5 days at 24$^{\circ}C$, 15.6 to 17.0 days at 28$^{\circ}C$, and 10.3 to 11.7 days at 32$^{\circ}C$. There was no significant difference among foods in terms of adult longevity, but it tended to be slightly longer when provided with four foods than with one food. Number of eggs predated by an adult, when supplied with one food, was 35.7-54.2, 31.6-44.6 and 18.1-28.2 at 24$^{\circ}C$, 28$^{\circ}C$ and 32$^{\circ}C$, respectively. It was highest on BPH, followed by SBPH, WBPH and GLH regardless of temperature. Number of egg Predated by an adult, when supplied with four foods, was 4.0-28.9, 2.9-29.0 and 17-13.6 at 24$^{\circ}C$, 28$^{\circ}C$ and 32$^{\circ}C$, respectively, and was significantly different among foods supplied. The results suggest that the significantly different predation amount by adult was due to food preference amoung the different foods.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2014

Life table analysis and temperature-dependent development experiments were conducted to understand the biological characteristics of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) on detached Tah Tsai Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris var. narinosa) leaves at seven constant temperatures (15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and $33{\pm}1^{\circ}C$; $65{\pm}5%$ RH; 16L:8D). Mortality was lowest at $24^{\circ}C$ with 18% and 0% at $1^{st}{\sim}2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}{\sim}4^{th}$ nymphal stages, respectively. The developmental period of $1^{st}{\sim}2^{nd}$ nymphal stage was 8.4 days at $18^{\circ}C$, and it decreased with increasing temperature. The developmental period of the $3^{rd}{\sim}4^{th}$ nymphal stage was 6.7 days at $18^{\circ}C$. The lower threshold temperature calculated using a linear model was $7.8^{\circ}C$, and the effective accumulative temperature was 120.1DD. Adult longevity was 14.9 days at $21^{\circ}C$, and total fecundity was observed 58.5 at $24^{\circ}C$. According to the life table, the net reproduction rate was 47.5 at $24^{\circ}C$, and the intrinsic rate of increase and the finite rate of increase were 0.36 and 1.43, respectively, at $27^{\circ}C$. The doubling time was 1.95d at $27^{\circ}C$, and mean generation time was 7.43d at $30^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.287-294
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• 1999

During the period from April to October, 1998 the authors investigated the gall development process of Chinese gallnuts (Schelchtendalia chinensis) on sumac (Rhus javanica) at Mt. Goduk near Chonju city in Chonbuk province. The majority (56.8%) of chinese gallnuts were formed on first pinnates and 24.3% on second pinnates of sumac leaves. Galls began to form from the 1st of June and grew slowly until the 24th of June. Galls enlarged rapidly after the 1st of August, but their growth rates decreased after the 26th of August and stopped growing after the 8th of September. Alate viviparous females escaped from galls after the 24th of September. Fundatricies, the second generation in the galls, exuviated three times to become adults on the 24th of June. Fundatrix adults bore 1∼10 eggs in the body and laid 1∼16 nymphs of the second generation. Nymphs of the second generation began to appear on the 17th of June and had matured completely on the 14th∼24th of July. Adults of the second generation bore eggs in the body. Thus the developmental period of the second generation was 27∼37 days. Nymphs of the third generation appeared on the 14th of July and finally alate viviparous females were developed on the 24th of September. During the two months from the beginning of the third generation to the appearence of the final alate viviparous females, there should be at least two generations, that is, the third and fourth generations. The fourth generation seems to begin at about the 20th August because the number of inhabitants (2,859 individuals) in galls on the 26 th of August had increased more than 10 times those (263 individuals) on the 19 th of August. The tannin content of galls was 65.04∼68.23% while that of sumac leaves and stems was 11.56%, 3.49% respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2007

The development of Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) was studied at various constant temperatures ranging from 15 to $32.5^{\circ}C$, with $65{\pm}5%$ RH, and a photoperiod of 16L:8D. Mortality of the $1_{st}-2_{nd}\;and\;the\;3_{rd}-4_{th}$ stage nymphs were similar at most temperature ranges while at high temperature of $32.5^{\circ}C$, more $3_{rd}-4_{th}$ stage individuals died. The total developmental time ranged from 13.8 days at $15^{\circ}C$ to 4.9 days at $30.0^{\circ}C$ suggesting that the higher the temperature, the faster the development. However, at higher end temperature of $32.5^{\circ}C$ the development took 6.4 days. The lower developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperatures for the total immature stage were $6.8^{\circ}C$ and 105.9 day-degrees, respectively and the nonlinear shape of temperature related development was well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. The normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental period for each life stage were fitted to the three-parameter Weibull function. The attendance of shortened developmental times was apparent with $1_{st}-2_{nd}\;nymph,\;3_{rd}-4_{th}$ nymph, and total nymph stages in descending order. The coefficient of determination $r^2$ ranged between 0.80 and 0.87.