• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

Objectives : To investigate the clinical features of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and traditional Korean medicine (TKM) -based management. Methods : A female patient diagnosed with DILI caused by Western drugs had been treated with Oriental therapies, then the subjective clinical outcome and biochemical parameters were monitored. Results : A 73-year-old female had taken Western drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and skeletal muscle relaxants) for about 3 months, and complained of severe abdominal discomfort and tiredness. Her RUCAM score was 9, which met the criteria for DILI (AST 90 IU/L, ALT 100 IU/L, ALP 191 IU/L, and GGT 614 IU/L). She was treated with herbal drugs, moxibustion, and acupuncture, and her symptoms completely resolved, with normalized hepatic enzymes within two weeks. Conclusions : This case report provides a clinical characteristic for a typical DILI caused by Western medicine, and shows an example of a TKM-based application.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.751-756
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• 2023

Objective: This study attempts to increase awareness of hepatotoxicity caused by antipsychotic drugs and to provide updated information on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) to physicians in Korean medicine (KM) clinics. Methods: This study presents a detailed case of a female patient diagnosed with DILI attributed to antipsychotic drugs, highlighting the improvement observed through laboratory findings. Results: A 56-year-old female patient with underlying disorders, including mixed connective tissue disease and depression, was under medical care. One day, she reported experiencing intense fatigue and distressing sensations, prompting the author to order blood tests. The levels of AST and ALT were significantly elevated by more than 2.5-fold, indicating hepatocellular DILI. The RUCAM score for antipsychotic drugs was 9, as no other medications, including herbal medicine, were being taken. Upon discontinuation of the antipsychotic drugs, the patient's laboratory findings returned to normal levels within 2 weeks, accompanied by a recovery of subjective symptoms. Conclusion: This study presents a noteworthy case of hepatotoxicity caused by antipsychotic drugs, serving as an illustrative example that highlights the crucial need for awareness among doctors of KM in clinical settings.

• Composites Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.44-50
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• 2003

The damage zone around a crack tip occurring before the fracture is a significant domain. which affects the toughening mechanism of materials. In this study. the growth process of damage zone in the vicinity of crack tip for rubber-modified epoxy resin is investigated using an acoustic emission(AE) analysis. The weight fractions of rubber(CTBN 1300$\times$B) in rubber-modified epoxy resin are 5 wt% and 15 wt%. The fracture toughness($K_{IC}$) and the fracture energy($G_{IC}$) were measured using 3 point bending single-edge notched specimens. The damage zone and rubber particles distributed around the crack tip were observed by a polarized optical microscope and an atomic force microscope(AFM). The damage zone around crack tip of rubber-modified epoxy resin was formed at 13 % loading and developed until 57 % loading of the fracture load. The crack initiated at 57 % loading grew repeatedly in the stick-slip propagation behavior. Based on time-frequency analysis, it was confirmed that AE signals with frequency bands of 0.15~0.20 MHz and 0.20~0.30 MHz were generated from cavitation and stable/unstable cracking inside the damage zone.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.531-541
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• 2020

From January 2014 to December 2016, 38 out of 153 inpatients admitted to the Korean Medicine Hospital for more than one month underwent follow-up blood tests to evaluate their liver function levels, and one drug-induced liver injury (DILI) patient was observed. 1. At the time of admission, six (15.8%) of the 38 patients had abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and five of them recovered after hospitalization. 2. At follow-up, two (5.3%) patients had a Council for International Organizations of Medical Science (CIOMS)-based liver injury. One was identified as a liver injury accompanied by pneumonia, and one was judged as a liver injury caused by the drug. 3. The patient had a suspected DILI and completely recovered after 13 days while discontinuing the herbal medication and by using Sanggangunbi-tang (生肝健脾湯).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.285-290
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• 2007

A liver is responsible for drug metabolism in a body. 10% of all medicine side effects lead to liver injury. Herb medicine is not an exception to this rule but all Herb medicines do not lead to liver injury absolutely. As for two times of occurrence of the drug induced liver injury during treatment of a CVA patient, we gave him Herb medicines in conjunction with Western medicines and Western medicines alone for each case. We meet with the result that giving the patient Herb medicines in conjunction with Western medicines reduces the duration of decreasing AST, ALT level as compared with giving him Western medicines alone. So we are now reporting the result.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.193-200
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to report that patient diagnosed as drug-induced liver injury treated with herbal and western medicine improve liver function test. Methods : We treated the patient diagnosed as drug-induced liver injury caused by antibiotics with Hepatotonics and Cheonggan-tang Gagam(淸肝湯加減). Then, We followed up the result of liver function test. After the result of liver function test improved, we diagnosed the patient with Korean medical methods, and evaluated the symptom of Cerebral infarction and liver function test treating the patient with Jihwangumja (地黃飮子). Result : After our treatment, Liver function test and symptoms of Cerebral infarction result improved. Conclusion : Use of Western medicine with herbal medicine can improved liver function test of drug-induced liver injury effectively and herbal medicine do not disturb the liver function.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.444-450
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• 2011

Recently, acute toxic liver injury has been reported to be the most common cause of acute hepatitis. We witnessed one case of hepatic injury which suggested drug-induced hepatitis by herbal medication (Gamiyukgunja-tang). This patient, diagnosed cerebral infarction, was treated with herbal medication and physical therapy for improvement of right hemiparesis. In the course of treatment, this patient showed elevation of serum transaminase (ALT 129 IU/L, AST 150 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (ALP 261 IU/L), and total bilirubin (2.0 IU/L), so we supposed toxic hepatitis by herbal medication. Saenggangeonbi-tang was administered for 8 days, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin decreased within normal limits.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2010

1. Objectives: The purpose of this case is to report that a Tae-eumin patient diagnosed as drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by Galgeunhaegi-tang (Gegenjieji-tang) treated with Taeumjowe-tang reduced ephedra to 2g (Taiyintiaowei-tang) and then liver function test Results: improved. 2. Methods: We diagnosed him as Tae-eumin Exterior cold disease induced from the esophagus affected by cold. We made him stop taking Galgeunhaegi-tang (Gegenjieji-tang) and take Taeumjowe-tang reduced ephedra to 2g. (Taiyintiaowei-tang) 3. Results: After our treatment, the symptom and the liver function test Results: improved. 4. Conclusions: The wrong diagnosis of constitution and pathological syndromes can be caused drug-induced liver injury. Taeumjowe-tang reduced ephedra to 2g (Taiyintiaowei-tang) may have an effect on treatment of drug-induced liver injury of Tae- eumin.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.207-211
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• 2004

Recently a case of liver injury from ingestion of Taeyeumjowi-tang containing Ma-huang(Ephedra sinica stapf) arose. The patient, a 30 year-old woman, was diagnosed with asthenia and anorexia after 6 weeks of ingesting Taeyeumjowi-tang containing Ma-huang(Ephedra sinica stapf) as a treatment for her obesity. Tests showed elevated levels of serum transaminase(ALT 903 IU/L, AST 716 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (229 IU/L), total bilirubin (1.4 mg/dl). Other possible causes of liver injury were excluded by laboratory test and medical history, so the liver injury was taken to be drug-induced. Saenggangeonbi-tang was administered. After 2 weeks of treatment with this medication, the clinical symptoms and liver function improved. This case is reported with a call for further accumulation of objective data on drug-induced liver injury, and to bring more attention to the relative levels of safety and toxicity of herbal medicines.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2016

A 84 year old male patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was treated by Jeungsonbaekchulsan and Gakbyeongyeonsu-tang for ten days. In the course of treatments, this patient was evaluated with Roussel Uclaf Casusality Assessment Method (RUCAM), showing results of drug induced liver injury. Herb medicine was immediately discontinued, followed by therapeutic laser treatments once a day for one week combined with 2 weeks of GODEX$^{(R)}$ administration. Transaminase results were lowered and changes in blood test results were time-effective changes. Therapeutic laser therapy could be considered effective on drug induced liver injury with further studies.