• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.58-62
• /
• 2022

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report the effect of long-term acupuncture on a amblyopia derived from astigmatism. Methods : A 39-month-old-female child presented with decreased visual acuity with simple astigmatism and amblyopia in the left eye. She took long-term acupuncture treatment once or twice a week for almost four years. And the autorefractor follow-up were conducted per every 6 months. Results : At the initial visit, naked eye visual acuity was 0.1/0.7(OD/OS), Sph. +0.00D, Cyl. -2.25D, AXIS 148° in the right eye, and Sph. +0.00D, Cyl. -0.25D, AXIS 49° in the left eye. After acupuncture treatment for about 4 years without correctional glasses, the visual acuity of the right eye was 1.0, the right eye had Sph. +0.00D, Cyl -0.50D, AXIS 146°, and the left eye had Sph. -0.25D, Cyl -0.50D, AXIS 154°. The visual acuity was maintained until 1 year follow up as 0.9/1.0(OD/OS). Conclusions : This study shows the possibility of using acupuncture treatment for amblyopia derived from astigmatism.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The rapid progress seen in the Chinese medical and pharmaceutical industries since the mid.Ming Dynasty, and the resulting surge in demand for medicinal herbs led to the emergence of dedicated medicinal herb markets. A representative example was the medicinal herb market of Qizhou (today's Anguo) in Hebei Province. This paper examines various factors that contributed to the transformation and growth of Qizhou into and as a major medicinal herb market of China. Methods : Along with the examination of geographical factors, this study attempts to link the development of Qizhou as a center for medicinal herbs trade with legends related to the Medicine Lord Temple (Yao Wang Miao), a local shrine dedicated to the mythical Medicine Kings. Results : The main argument of this study is that although the emergence of Qizhou as China's largest marketplace for medicinal herbs was significantly helped by its proximity to Beijing, a huge source of demand, as well as its convenient location easily accessible from all parts of the country, and the large herbal production from surrounding areas, the single.most important contributing factor was the body of legends attributing to this city a magical healing energy. Conclusions : The example of Qizhou may also suggest that in pre.modern eras, legends related to supernatural healing power, associated to a city or town, were as important contributing factors to its emergence and growth as a dedicated medicinal herb market as its location or ease of access.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.151-163
• /
• 2024

This study sought to confirm the impact of analytical methods and behavioral economic theory factors on decision-making when making chartering decisions in the dry bulk shipping market. This study on chartering decision-making model was began to verify why shipping companies do not make rational decision-making and behavior based on analytical methods such as freight prediction and process of alternative selection in the same market situation. To understand the chartering decision-making model, it is necessary to study the impact of behavioral economic theory such as heuristics, loss aversion, and herding behavior on chartering decision-making. Through AHP analysis, the importance of the method factors relied upon in chartering decision-making. The dependence of the top factors in chartering decision-making was in the following order: market factors, heuristics, internal factors, herding behavior, and loss aversion. Market factors, heuristics, and internal factors. As for detailed factors, spot freight index and empirical intuition were confirmed as the most important factors relied on when making decisions. It was confirmed that empirical intuition is more important than internal analysis, which is an analytical method. This study can be said to be meaningful in that it academically researched and proved the bounded rationality of humans, which cannot be fully rational, and sometimes relies on experience or psychological tendencies, by applying it to the chartering decision-making model in the dry bulk shipping market. It also suggests that in the dry bulk shipping market, which is uncertain and has a high risk of loss due to decision-making, the experience and insight of decision makers have a very important impact on the performance and business profits of the operation part of shipping companies. Even though chartering are a decision-making field that requires judgment and intuition based on heuristics, decision-makers need to be aware of this decision-making model in order to reduce repeated mistakes of deciding contrary to market situation. It also suggests that there is a need to internally research analytical methods and procedures that can complement heuristics such as empirical intuition.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Stereopsis is one of primary characteristics for assessment of binocular function. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible relationship between the degree of exophoria and stereoacuity at near. Methods: 110 exophores (male n=71, female n=39, mean $age{\pm}SD=11.30{\pm}1.47$ years) without amblyopia, strabismus, and ocular and systemic pathology were studied. Subjects were also excluded if they had visual acuity poorer than 0.8 in either eye or vertical phoria greater than 1 prism diopter. Clinical tests were performed for near phorias by von Graefe technique using a Digital Refractor (CDR-3100, Huvitz, Korea) with chart (Predio CDC-4000, Huvitz, Korea), and for stereoacuity using the Titmus fly. Results: A one-way analysis of variance revealed that mean values of the stereoacuity classified according to the degrees of the exophoria were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusions: Based on the result of this study, it was found that there was no relationship between the degree of exophoria and stereoacuity.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
• /
• 1993.07a
• /
• pp.235-247
• /
• 1993

이십일세기상해항공운수발전전략연구, 시이 $\ll$진흥상해, 개발포동, 복무전국, 면향세계$\gg$ 적방침작위지도, 병통과이상해포동개방개\ulcorner\ulcorner\ulcorner장강삼각주지구내지정개장강류역경제발전, 축보사상해발전성위\ulcorner\ulcorner지 구경제, 김융, 무역중심지일작위목표개전전략연구. 상해재아국두\ulcorner\ulcorner의현대화건설진정중점유겁기중요적지위, 저장성위태평양서안최인적 제무역중심지일, 목전, 상해항공운수적현상여기재국민경제중적전략지 위급여세계경제발달국가급지구례여뉴약, 륜돈, 파려, 지가가, 동경, 향항, 신가파등국제대성시상비차거태대, 안통계수거상해1990년항공운수탄토량약시미국뉴약1986년적1.5%, 시향항적10%좌우, 가견상해민\ulcorner\ulcorner수적 발전속도이경한제료상해경제적등비, 한제료포동개방개발급여국내 외정치경제화문화적교류, 위료사상해항공운수여상해적국민경제급사사회 발전상괄응, 대력발전항공운수기박재미첩. 수착상해경제발전, 능원, 원재료적증가, 외향형경제발전급금후궤십년상해인민수입증가화경제결 구조정.고정첨기출적발전급국제교왕적증가. 예측이십일세기상해여객 운수량급화운량장성배증가, 소이탐색일개여상해경제발전전략목표상괄 응적현대화항공교통운수체계, 발혼항공운수특유적우핵시십분필요적. 본연구보고종이하오개방면대상해이십일세기항공운수발전전략진행천술. 일, 개술발전상해항공운수적필요성급긴박성. 이, 상해민용항공운수현상대상해지구주요승운인동방항공공사항선 망, 운력, 기대, 기장현상작료분석,설명상해민항유우운력불족, 기출 장비체후, 자김결, 불능만족상해경제등비발전적수요. 공중교통관제, 통신도항, 기무유수, 항유공응등방면야도불동정도지한 제료항공운수적발전, 필수인기겁대적중시. 삼, 상해항공운수적예측화전망, 통과자료연구급수거분석, 리용수 학모형대이십일세기상해항공운량진행예측, 제출발전상해항공운수적전 략목표급발전중점. 예측2020년 상해항공항총객운탄토량4300만인/년, 화운량달120만돈; 2050년객운량장달18150만인차/년, 화운량518만돈. 사, 발전상해민항기출경제정책, 제출위료$\ll$진흥상해, 개발포동, 복무전국, 면향세계$\gg$ 화도이십일세기중기국민경제달도중등발달국가수 평굉관전략목표적실현, 제료필수재지도사상상파교통운수진정방도전략 산업지위, 환응재관리체제상채취과단유효적개혁조시, 재기출경제정책 상급여대력부지. 오, 전략목표, 위파상해건설성위태평양서안최대적경제, 김융, 무역적중심, 요구상해항공항성위화동지구통향세계각지항선망출발참, 구성대외개방선면축심, 실현국제항선적함접화국내항반적전항, 형성다축심복사식항선망; 가강기장건설, 개피포동제이국제기장건설, 괄응포동개발경제발전적수요.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2016

This case is to analyze the structure of technology convergence with social network analysis. More specifically, the convergence structure among input technologies mediated with products is analyzed with 2-mode social network analysis. Products are identified in project's goal and coded as the Korea Standard Industrial Classification. The input technologies are coded as the National Science Technology Classification. The subjects were 401 R&D projects applied to '2012 Convergence Technology Development Project for Small and Medium Businesses' promoted by Korea Technology & Information Promotion Agency for Small and Medium Enterprises. IT sectors had the structure of a particular input technology connected to many products, BT sectors also had a few input technology connected to many products but most were connected to specific products. Therefore We have realized that each convergence area had different convergence structure. There were the difference of connectivity centrality between input technologies and input technologies mediated with products. For IT sectors, the embedded S/W were the highest in both cases. For BT sectors, functional cosmetic development and fermentation technology were the highest in input technologies but fermentation technology was not the highest in input technologies mediated with products. This case defines the convergence based on the real projects and the use for managing and planing projects. Therefore, this case was to make a tool to analyze and design technology convergence projects.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 1998

To 160 persons(90 men, 70 women) who went to the national hospital of Solok-island with Hansens's disease, I tested the objective refracts test with the product of Cannon Ltd. Co. which RK-3 Auto Ref-keratometer's auto ophthalmoscope. The results were like these. Visual acuity of above 0.7 that can live without glasses was contained 44 men's eyes(24.4%) and 19 women s eyes(13.6%). These result are indicated that men have had more good visual acuity than women. Visual acuity of below 0.6 that cannot do normal life was contained 80.3% of the total patients. And amblyopia of below 0.3 and eyes which cannot be corrected were shown 44.4%(80 men's eyes and 55.7% 78 woman's eyes). Myopia was contained 119 eyes(43), hyperopia was contained 139 eyes (50.4%) and emmetropia was 6.5%. Astigmatism was shown 136 men s eyes (86.6%) and 97 women's eyes(81.5%). These results are indicated what many people accompany with astigmatism. And these ratio had some high percentages men rather than women. Direct astigmatic was contained 37 eyes (11.6%), Indirect astigmatic 81 eyes(25.3%) and Oblique Astigmatic 115 eyes(35.9%). As a of distributed result oblique astigmatic occupied best high point as 49.4% in 233 astigmatism and distributed the opposite direction as compared with normal irregular emmetropia not patient.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.287-291
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare binocular functions such as near point of convergence (NPC), AC/A ratios, heterophoria, accommodation, accommodation lag, positive relative accommodation (PRA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), positive relative convergence (PRC), negative relative convergence (NRC) in normal subjects and convergence insufficiency. Methods: 86 subject (male n=45, female n=41, mean $age{\pm}SD=23.27{\pm}2.85$ years) without amblyopia, strabismus, and ocular pathology were studied. Forty three patients each group were classified as normal subjects and convergence insufficiency group based on AC/A ratio and far and near phoria. Binocular function of the two groups was measured using phoropter. r. Results: The values between normal subjects and convergence insufficiency were 5.71 cm and 7.07 cm for NPC, 5.28 and 2.81 for Heterophria AC/A, 0.92 exo/3.36 exo and 2.17 exo/10.84 exo for far and near phoria, 15.49/23.30/13.30 and 13.50/20.02/9.09 for PRC, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between normal subjects and convergence insufficiency for accommodative amplitude, accommodative lag, PRA, NRA, BI vergence test, BO vergence test, NRC. Conclusions: Both groups were a significant difference for cover test, NPC, Heterophria AC/A, far and near phoria, break point of PRC, and recovery point of PRC.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.555-560
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the stereoacuity and subjective symptoms of aniseikonia with prescription of the size lens. Methods: Participants were myopic anisometropia patients with the binocular refraction difference between 1.75 D~3.50 D. Inclusion criteria of participants were no ocular pathology, no amblyopia, more than 1.0 of corrected visual acuity. With fully corrected spectacles and a correction with the size lens, Awaya aniseikonia test and Randot Stereo test were conducted respectively. In addition, subjective symptoms were also examined using questionnaire. Results: As the anisometropia increased, the aniseikonia increased. Under the anisometropia with same refractive correction was different for each individual. The prescription of size lens caused less aniseikonia than the general prescription of glasses. In addition, prescription of the size lens improved stereoacuity and relieved the symptoms of asthenopia. Conclusions: The prescription of size lens that can correct aniseikonia with prescription of glasses can improve stereoacuity and reduced asthenopia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.180-186
• /
• 2006

Background : Para-aminosalicylic acid(PAS) is a 2nd-line drug that can cause severe adverse reactions leading to poor patient compliance. This study evaluated the relapse rate according to the discontinuance of PAS at a certain point after bacteriological conversion during the course of chemotherapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB). Methods : 42 out of 452 MDR-TB patients were enrolled in this study. All subjects were receiving chemotherapy including PAS at National Masan TB Hospital between Jan. 1, 2000 and Dec. 31, 2001. The relapse rate was evaluated after the discontinuance of PAS from their initial regimen as a result of the severe adverse reactions at a certain point after the bacteriological conversion during the course of chemotherapy for MDR-TB. Results : The male to female ratio was 2.5:1, and the mean age was 47.2 years old. The average number of past histories, used drugs and resistant drugs was 1.2, 3.9 and 4.3. The mean number of sensitive drugs included in the inirial regimen was 3.9. The mean time for bacteriological conversion and discontinuance of the PAS was 2.3 months after initiating treatment and 6 months after bacteriological conversion, respectively. There was no relapse after discontinuing PAS during a mean follow up period of 31.6 months. Conclusion : PAS may be discontinued in the cases of serious gastrointestinal problems approximately 6 months after bacteriological conversion without concern about relapse.