• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2018

We examined activities of adult (n=9, 3 females and 6 males) and juvenile (n=4) Schlegel's Japanese gecko (Gekko japonicus) in an indoor vivarium for 47 days to study the preference and competition for shelters at day and night. The result showed the strong correlation between the temperature inside the shelter and the body temperature of Schlegel's Japanese gecko and more individuals observed outside the shelters at nighttime than daytime. Both adults and juveniles showed a preference for certain shelters. The adults preferred the warmer shelters in the daytime while the juveniles preferred the same shelter in both daytime and nighttime. Both adults and juveniles observed outside the shelter at the nighttime had higher body temperature than those found inside. In the daytime, the body temperature of adults was higher than that of juveniles, but there was no significant difference in the nighttime. The results imply that G. japonicus, which is the nocturnal lizard, prefers the shelters with higher temperature and that there is the competition for shelters between adults and juveniles. This study provides the reference data on the relationships between the body temperature and the activities of G. japonicus.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.104-124
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• 2017

This study aimed to validate the ASTER surface temperature using field measurements over various land use types in the urban area of Changwon City, South Korea. The ASTER surface temperature was measured by collecting eight images during daytime and nighttime in June and September from 2012 to 2014, and field measurements were conducted over the same period when the satellite images were taken. The analyses showed that the surface temperature measured in the field during the daytime was higher than that of satellite imageries by $5{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, and the gap was higher in built-up areas. The calibration models of surface temperature showed a 60% explanatory power in areas other than parks, indicating that the models are reliable. During nighttime, except for the summer month of August, ASTER surface temperature was determined to be approximately $2^{\circ}C$ higher in contrast to daytime.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.253-264
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• 2018

The GPS radiosonde is designed to conduct a full synoptic sounding to balloon burst using data generated from precision meteorological sensors and the GPS satellite network. The GPS radiosonde include proven, accurate temperature, humidity and capacitance aneroid pressure sensors. The atmospheric boundary layer was intensively observed in three islands of the west sea from 18 LST on March 9, 2016 to 06 LST on March 12, 2016. We investigated the restriction of nocturnal stable layer and rather the development of the mixed layer at night. On March 9, nocturnal mixed layer was developed by buoyancy heat flux. On the other hand, on March 10, the shear production was higher especially at 21 LST when the mixed layer height was the highest during the intensive observation period. The wind shear and the surface heat flux which produce the turbulent kinetic energy played an important role to grow the mixed layer even at night.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2011

The growth and bolting characteristics of spring Chinese cabbage cultivars at two night-time temperature treatments such as $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ during seedling stage were investigated to establish a safe environmental management strategy for raising seedlings. The low night-time temperature treatments were applied at 5, 10, and 15 days after sawing and the treatment durations were 5, 10, and 15 days in each of treatment beginning. The growth of seedlings in all the tested cultivars were linearly reduced as the treatment duration was extended and no symptoms of bolting were found. The reduction rate in seedling growth of 'Chunkwang' reached to 59.3% at most by 15 days of $5^{\circ}C$ treatment when it be compared to that of control. However, no symptoms of bolting were shown in the treatments of two night-time temperatures until the harvest at 90 days after sawing, indicating that the vernalization effect by low night-time temperature could be mitigated by subsequent day-time optimal temperature management. This study showed that the major spring Chinese cabbage cultivars require more ultimate level of low night-time temperature treatment for the vernalization than this study. It is also supposed that the optimal day-time temperature management can reduce or delay the rate of bolting, even if the seedlings were exposed to short-term low temperature below $5^{\circ}C$ during night-time.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.352-361
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• 2013

This paper aims to analyze the root mean square errors of MODIS LST data and inland water temperature measurement data in order to use MODIS LST data as an input of numerical weather prediction model. MODIS LST data from July 2011 to June 2012 were compared to water temperature measurement data in the automated water quality measurement network. MODIS data have two composites: day-time and night-time. Monthly errors of day-time and night-time LST range $2{\sim}8^{\circ}C$ and $3{\sim}12^{\circ}C$, respectively. Temporally, monthly errors of day-time LST are less in fall and those of night-time LST are less in summer. Spatially, on the four major rivers including the Han, Nakdong, Geum, and Yeongsan rivers, the errors of Yeongsan river were the smallest, which location is the south-most among them. In this study, the errors of MODIS LST as an input of numerical weather prediction model were analyzed and the results can be used as an error level of MODIS LST data for inaccessible areas such as North Korea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2001

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of root zone temperature during the night on absorption of mineral nutrients, growth, and fruit yield of the truss-limited hydroponic tomatoes in winter. The root zone temperature was either controlled to 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$, or left uncontrolled at ambient temperatures. Temperature of the covered beds rose as root zone temperature was raised, but it in all treatments was less than 3$^{\circ}C$ higher than that in the control. Raising root zone temperature, except $25^{\circ}C$, showed positive effect on plant height, leaf length, stem diameter, and plant fresh and dry weight, but not on T/R ratio which was the greatest in the control. Root activity in all treatments except $25^{\circ}C$ increased as compared to the control. Mean fruit weight, fruit count per plant, and fruit yield were the greatest in 2$0^{\circ}C$ treatment. Root zone temperature did not significantly affect the contents of total nitrate and magnesium in leaves, stems and roots. Concentrations of phosphate and calcium increased in leaves and stems, but decreased in roots as root zone temperature increased. Overall, 2$0^{\circ}C$ treatment gave the greatest growth and energy efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1423-1444
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• 2022

In this study, the sensitivity of the mid-infrared radiance to atmospheric and surface factors was analyzed using the radiative transfer model, MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN6)'s simulation data. The possibility of retrieving the land surface temperature (LST) using only the mid-infrared bands at night was evaluated. Based on the sensitivity results, the LST retrieval algorithm that reflects various factors for night was developed, and the level of the LST retrieval algorithm was evaluated using reference LST and observed LST. Sensitivity experiments were conducted on the atmospheric profiles, carbon dioxide, ozone, diurnal variation of LST, land surface emissivity (LSE), and satellite viewing zenith angle (VZA), which mainly affect satellite remote sensing. To evaluate the possibility of using split-window method, the mid-infrared wavelength was divided into two bands based on the transmissivity. Regardless of the band, the top of atmosphere (TOA) temperature is most affected by atmospheric profile, and is affected in order of LSE, diurnal variation of LST, and satellite VZA. In all experiments, band 1, which corresponds to the atmospheric window, has lower sensitivity, whereas band 2, which includes ozone and water vapor absorption, has higher sensitivity. The evaluation results for the LST retrieval algorithm using prescribed LST showed that the correlation coefficient (CC), the bias and the root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.999, 0.023K and 0.437K, respectively. Also, the validation with 26 in-situ observation data in 2021 showed that the CC, bias and RMSE is 0.993, 1.875K and 2.079K, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the LST can be retrieved using different characteristics of the two bands of mid-infrared to the atmospheric and surface conditions at night. Therefore, it is necessary to retrieve the LST using satellite data equipped with sensors in the mid-infrared bands.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of temperature, light quality and gibberellic acid on the seed germination of Rhododendron weyrichii Max. Optimum temperature for germination was $20^{\circ}C$ at constant temperature, but the final germination rate at $15^{\circ}C$ was about the same with the rates were attained by alternating temperature under higher temperature such as $25^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. The germination rate was increased by yellow and red light treatments at $20^{\circ}C$, but green light treatment strongly inhibited seed germination at $25^{\circ}C$. Gibberellic acid substitutes light requirement for germination of R. weyrichii seeds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.142-156
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• 2011

This study aims to suggest improvements in night landscape lighting of Bomun Lake, a representative waterfront landscape in Gyeongju which is the city designated as UNESCO World Heritage in December 2000. This study divided the area into three types of sections-that is, road section, walking section, and landscape section- based on the present condition of land use and users of the Bomun Lake area. In addition, this study classified the lightingtypes by section into nine lighting types-that is, road, crossroad, parking lot, pedestrian passage, trail, sculpture, tree, waterfront deck-by comparing them to the park lighting types suggested by the KS A illuminance standards, and examined the problems of the current Bomun Lake lighting base on the standards. By using this as basic data, this study established relevant plans and collected research material. This study suggested directions of each of the three sections and improvements in illuminance, color temperature, creating methods of each of the nine lighting types to the night Lighting planning of the Bomun Lake area reflecting the landscape characteristics of Gyeongju, a historical, cultural city.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2023

In this study, the effect of crown heating on the cultivation environment, budding, flowering and yields of strawberry was analyzed. In December, January, and February, when the outside temperature was low, the average strawberry crown temperature at daytime in the test zone was 1.3℃ higher than that in the control zone, and the average strawberry crown temperature at nighttime in the test zone was 2.7℃ higher than that in the control zone. The average bed temperature at daytime in test zone was 1.7℃ higher than that in the control zone, and the average bed temperature at nighttime in test zone was 2.4℃ higher than that in the control zone. As a result of performing correlation analysis and regression analysis on strawberry crown temperature and budding period, the correlation coefficient was -0.86, which tended to be shorter as the crown temperature was higher, and the determination coefficient was 0.74. The total yields of strawberry during test period were 392.6 g/plant for test greenhouse and 346.0 g/plant for control greenhouse respectively. As for the quality of strawberries, the ratio of 2L (very large) grades and L (large) grades was 62.4% in the test greenhouse and 58.5% in the control greenhouse, indicating that the proportion of high quality strawberries was higher in the test greenhouse.