• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.4 s.63
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• pp.296-306
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• 2006

It is difficult to solve problems regarding the adjustment on demand and supply of LNG due to seasonal variations of domestic demand of LNG, a discordance among import pattern and limits of storage facilities and so on. Also, there may be instability in LNG supply due to chances of accidents at LNG producing areas. Therefore, it is very important to secure large LNG storage facilities and to stabilize LNG supply management on a long term basis. The objective of this study is to examine the real-scale applicability of a lined underground rock storage system, which have been verified by a successful operation of the Daejeon LNG pilot plant. The new technology has many advantages of better economy, safety and environment protection, for above-ground and in-ground storage systems. The results of this study may promote the first ever real scale underground LNG storage system in a rock cavern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.809-818
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• 2022

The number of ships using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel is increasing to respond to the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) air pollutant emission regulations. At the same time, the need to expand LNG bunkering infrastructure for stable fuel supply and demand for ships is emerging. LNG bunkering is carried out in three ways: truck to ship (TTS), pipe to ship (PTS), and ship to ship (STS). In foreign countries, all three methods are being carried out, but in Korea, LNG bunkering is carried out only with the TTS method owing to the lack of infrastructure. LNG bunkering is a high-risk operation. For safe bunkering operations, the competence of the workers is extremely important, and a professional training course is required to strengthen the competence. This study was conducted to design training contents for LNG bunkering workers for fostering LNG bunkering experts and performing safe and systematic bunkering work. To this end, the current status of LNG-fueled ships and bunkering was identified, and related domestic and abroad educational contents were analyzed. In addition, opinions on the importance of educational contents were collected through expert questionnaires. Consequently, we designed training contents suitable for various training targets and divided them into basic and advanced training courses, with a duration of 4 days, and proposed. Based on the designed training contents, if additional research is conducted by sufficiently reflecting Korea's bunkering environment, it will be of great help to improve the competence of LNG bunkering workers and to foster human resources.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.12-19
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• 2007

현재, 육지에서 필요한 천연 가스 (NG)의 얻기 위한 방법으로 공기 가열식 기화기의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 특히, 파이프라인에 의해 도달될 수 없는 거리가 멀리 떨어진 소외된 지역까지 보낼 수 있기 때문에 소형 위성기지의 역할은 대단히 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 소형 위성기지의 LNG는 인수기지에서 탱크로리를 이용하여 배달되고 그 후에 위성기지에서 기화과정을 통하여 각 수요처로 보내어진다. 공기 가열식 기화기는 LNG 인수기지 외의 소형 위성기지 단위에서 최근 많이 개발되고 사용되고 있는 기화기의 종류 중 하나라고 할 수 있다1). 효율적인 공기 가열식 기화기를 개발하기 위하여, 핀이 없는 경우와 핀이 8개이고 핀의 길이가 55 mm인 공기 가열식 기화기를 사용하여 실험을 진행하였고 그리고 나서 두 가지 유형의 기화기를 비교하였다. 실험조건은 기화기의 길이 변화와 여러 가지 주위 조건(온도, 습도, 풍속)을 변화하였다. 실험에 적용된 주위 온도는 각 계절별 온도와 동일한 온도를 적용하였다. 본 실험에서 나타내고자 한 공기가열식 기화기의 주요 특성은 각 계절별 조건에 따른 입구 측과 출구 측의 온도차를 비교하는 것이다. 액화천연가스(LNG)를 가지고 실험을 하는 것은 위험성이 있어 특성이 비슷하면서 안전한 $LN_2$를 사용하여 실험을 진행하여 핀을 가지는 기화기가 핀이 없는 기화기보다는 좋다는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

In this paper, we investigated impact factors by brainstorming and survey research and calculated the weights of them using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method in order to evaluate alternatives for supplying Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG). AHP is a useful method for evaluating multi-criteria decision making problems. We selected 3 criteria and 9 sub-criteria. According to the result in this study, the most important sub-criterion is the Government's Policy, and the second is the Province's Policy. The other side, the lowest important sub-criterion is the Investment Cost. This study may provide basic data to select the optimal alternative for supplying LNG.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1997

The vaporizing characteristics of LNG(liquefied natural gas) via heat exchanger with sea water are analytically studied for an open rack vaporizer(ORV). This study is intended to supply the design data for the domestic fabrication of the corrosion-resistant vaporizer tube. A computational program is developed to predict the exit temperature of LNG for various conditions. In the program, thesimple and justifiable heat transfer models are selected for fully-developed internal flow of LNG, the star-shaped finned-tube, and the external falling films of sea water, as well as the possible ice formation and the fouling on the tube walls. It is found that the enongh corrugation inside of the tube wall is the most significant in the vaporizer performance for the current operating conditions. the effects of other design parameters on the heat exchanger between LNG and sea water are quantitatively presented.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1993

This paper introduces the outline of hull structure to the sorts of LNG carrier briefly. Especially, explains in detail for the insulation system of Moss Rosenberg Verft spherical tank type LNG carrier. It is not easy task to calculate exactly the temperature distribution of hull because of very complicated structure of hull. Therefore, in this paper by the adequate modeling of the Moss Rosengerg spherical tank type LNG carrier, a program is developed which calculate the temperature distribution of every hull and estimate the heat influx from every hull and output the BOR according to the variation of atmospheric conditions on boyage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

In order to investigate the impact properties of structural materials for LNG tank, instrumented Charpy impact tests were carried out at cryogenic temperatures. $9\%$ Ni steel showed a superior fracture resistance because of less degradation in toughness until 77 K. From the load-deflection curve obtained by an instrumented methods it was found that with the decrease of temperature from 173 K to 77 K, the peak load in the curve increased, but the total absorbed energy decreased. In addition, the energy absorbed during the crack growth was larger than one absorbed in the process of crack initiation. In SUS304L material, the energy absorbed in the process of the crack initiation was relatively large, but the energy absorbed in the process of crack growth was small, the behavior of absorbed energy was well agreed with the observations of the fracture surface which showed a relatively smooth fracture surface. The absorbed Charpy impact energy in the case of A5083 alloy was lower as compared with other steels, and some cracks were observed along the crack propagation direction at the fracture surface of 77 K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2019

In this paper, the towing stability of the LNG bunker barge is estimated. Currently, LNG bunkering barge is being developed as an infrastructure for the bunkering of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), an eco-friendly energy source. Since the LNG bunker barge are in the form of towed ship connected to the tow line, the towing stability of the LNG bunker barge is very important for the safety of not only the LNG bunker barge but also the surrounding sailing vessels. The numerical code for towing simulation was developed to estimate the towing stability of the LNG bunker barge at the initial design stage. The MMG(Manoeuvring Mathematical Group) model was applied to the equations of motion and the empirical formula was applied to the maneuvering coefficients so that they could be used in the initial design stage. To validity of the developed numerical code, it was compared with published calculation and model test results. Towing simulations were carried out according to with and without stern skeg of the LNG bunker barge using the developed numerical code. Through the results of the simulations, the appropriateness of the stern skeg area designed was confirmed.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.3 s.33
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• pp.29-35
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• 1999

At the design of Mark III membrane type LNG tank, an analytical and experimental approach on the fatigue strengths of membrane and its welds are very important in order to assist designers and surveyors. In this study, fatigue tests of lap weld of Mark III membrane type LNG tank were carried out and cumulative damage factor was calculated in order to estimate the fatigue life by probability density function and rule methods. It contained the following tests and reviews : 1) The fatigue tests of lap weld of stainless steel according to statistical testing method recommended by JSME, 2)Preparation of S-N curve for lap welds considering the statistical properties of the results of fatigue tests. 3) Procedure for estimating the initiation life of fatigue crack of lap welds under variable loads by the rule lf classification society and probability density function, 4) Guideline for inspection of lap welds fo membrane type LNG tank.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

This study describes the development of a 1-inch cryogenic glove valve for an LNG pumping system and localization development achieved through the performance test. The cryogenic valve used in the LNG pumping system plays an important role in maintaining a flow rate by LNG transportation. This trial manufactured goods, which was achieved through reverse engineering and developing the assembly process. The result of the leak test satisfied the internal pressure condition using the 78-bar normal temperature test and maintained the anti-leakage condition. Also, the result of the cryogenic leak test (BS 6364: low temperature test procedure) maintained anti-leakage at -196 and 52 bar, which satisfied the test standards.