• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 1998

본 논문은 2차원 해면효과의 수치계산 결과를 정리하였다. 지면으로부터의 높이변화에 따른 점성유동장을 계산하기 위하여 지배방정식으로는 비압축성 RANS 방정식을, 시간에 대하여서는 음해법으로 프로그램을 구성하였다. 압력항은 가상압축성과 4차 수치확산항을 추가하는 것에 의해 계산하였으며, 높은 레이놀즈 수에서의 효과적인 계산을 위해 Baldwin- Lomax 난류모델을 도입하였다. 해면효과가 없는 무한유중에서의 NACA-0012 단면 계산결과를 실험 데이터와 비교하는 것에 의해 프로그램의 타당성을 확인하였다. NACA-6409와 두께 비 4.6%의 날개에 대하여 해면효과를 고려한 계산을 수행하였다. 계산결과, 높이의 변화에 따라 계산된 무차원계수, 압력 및 속도분포는 해면효과의 특성을 잘 보여주고 있다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.90-98
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• 1998

본 논문은 2차원 해면효과의 수치계산 결과를 정리하였다. 지면으로부터의 높이변화에 따른 점성유동장을 계산하기 위하여 지배방정식으로는 비압축성 RANS방정식을, 시간에 대하여 서는 음해법으로 프로그램을 구성하였다. 압력항은 가상압축성을 도입 4차 수치확산항을 추가하는 것에 의해 계산하였으며, 높은 레이놀즈수에서의 효과적인 계산을 위해 Baldwin-Lomax 난류 모델을 도입하였다. 해면효과가 없는 무한유중에서의 NACA-0012단면 계산결과를 실험데이터와 비교하는 것에 의해 프로그램의 타당성을 확인하였다. NACA-6409와 두께비 $4.6\%$의 날개에 대하여 해면효과를 고려한 계산을 수행하였다. 높이의 변화에 따라 계산된 무차원계수, 압력 및 속도분포는 해면효과의 특성을 잘 보여주고 있다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.69-69
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 비정상 상태의 비압축성 유동장을 해석하기 위하여 물체맞춤격자방법이 아닌 가상경계법을 사용하였다. 가상경계법은 구조격자를 사용하여 구조물 경계면에서 Momentum Forceing을 사용하여 가상의 경계를 만들어 유동장을 해석하는 방법이다. Navier-Stoke 방정식의 수치 이산화 방법으로 Kim et al(1985)이 사용한 Fractional Step Method(FSM)을 사용하였다. 시간에 대하여 semi-implicit FSM를 사용하였고, 확산항에 대해서는 2차 정확도의 Crank-Nicolson Method를 대류항은 3차 정확도의 Runge-Kutta Method를 사용 하였다. 본 연구에서는 가상경계법을 이용한 유동장 해석이 교량 단면에 대하여 수치해석이 가능한지 검토하였다. 가상경계법은 현재 많은 연구가 유선형의 구조물에 대하여 수행되어 오고 있다. 교량 단면과 같은 각 진 구조물에 대한 검토는 아직 미비한 실정이다. 가상경계법에서 다루고 있는 구조물 경계면에서의 Momentum Forcing 방법이 유선형의 구조물에 맞추어 연구가 진행되었기 때문이다. 먼저 본 연구의 프로그램을 검증하기 위하여 원형 실린더에 대하여 가상경계법을 적용한 결과 Re 수 200에서 Strouhal Number, 양력계수, 항력계수를 이전 연구 결과와 비교하였다. Williamson(1988)과 Zhang(1995)의 연구결과와 유사한 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 그리고 교량의 단면과 같은 각진 구조물(Bluff Body)에 대하여 가상경계법 적용하였다. 본 논문의 연구에서 평가 대상으로 하고 있는 2차원 교량 단면에 대하여 유동장 해석을 하였다. 본 논문에서 정량적인 유체력과 유동장에 대한 비교 및 검토가 이루어지지 못했지만 압력장과 유선의 형태가 이론적인 값을 벗어나지 않고 있는 것으로 확인 되었다. Re 수 2700에서 전산 해석을 수행하였으며, 교량 단면 주위의 압력계수와 박리현상 그리고 후류에서의 Vortex shedding 현상이 모두 적절한 분포가 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 가상경계법을 이용하여 각진 구조물에 대한 주위 유동장해석에 대한 가능성을 확인하였으며, 풍동실험과의 결과비교를 통하여 가상경계법을 이용하여 교량 단면 주위의 유동장 해석 결과를 정량적으로 비교할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.327-328
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• 2022

The recent spread of the corona pandemic and a temporary surge in demand for consumer goods have resulted in an increase in port cargo volume, and the resulting port congestion is coupled with a shortage of labor in the port, exacerbating the global supply chain chaos. Supply chain disruptions will increase logistics costs and ultimately increase global inflationary pressures. In this situation, the role of the port, which is the nodal point between land and sea, is gradually becoming more important. And fully automated ports that are operated unmanned are evaluated as being able to respond stably and flexibly by reducing operational risks in situations such as COVID-19. Therefore, this study compared the operational performance of fully automated and non-fully automated terminals within the same port before and after the corona outbreak, and analyzed the fully automated terminal was stable in actual operation. As a result of the analysis, the fully automated terminal showed stable operating efficiency in all aspects of operational performance compared to the non-fully automated terminal even under severe port congestion due to COVID-19.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.10-18
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• 1996

In foreign country such as USA and Japan, considerable research has been done regarding the spread of smoke in room of fire involvement by using computer. but, in our country it has not been, so, this paper presents a detailed qualitative description of phenomena which occure during typical fire scenarios through numberical analysis. The governing equations are solved by using FVM method with non-staggered grid. The SIMPLE method for pressure-velocity couple and power-law scheme for convention terms are used. It shows that a plume is formed, hot plume gases impinge on the ceiling and they spread across it. then, it eventually reaches the bounding walls of the enclosure. It takes 20s for smoke to fill the enclosure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.104-108
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• 2008

Accurate sets of electron collision cross sections and the electron transport coefficients for atoms and molecules are necessary for quantitative understanding of plasma phenomena Kr and Xe atom are used in many industrial applications, such as in PDP and fluorescent induction lamps(FILs). Therefore, we analysed and calculated the electron transport coefficients, the electron drift velocity W, the longitudinal and transverse diffusion coefficient $ND_L$ and $ND_T$, and the ionization coefficient $\alpha$/N in pure Kr and Xe gases over the wide E/N range from 0.001 to 500[Td] at 1[Torr] by two-tenn approximation of the Boltzmann equation.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.19-30
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• 2000

A finite-volume method is developed to solve turbulent flows around modern commercial hull forms with bow and stern bulbs. The RANS equations are solved. The cell-centered finite-volume method employs QUICK and central difference scheme for convective and diffusive flux discretization, respectively. The SIMPLEC method is adopted for the velocity-pressure coupling. The developed numerical methods are applied to calculate turbulent flow around KRISO 3600TEU container ship. Surface meshes are generated into five blocks: bow and stern bulbs, overhang, fore and afterbody. 3-D field grid system with O-H topology is generated using elliptic grid generation method. Surface friction lines and wake distribution at propeller plane is compared with experiment. The calculated results show that the present method can be used to predict flow around a modern commercial hull forms with bulbs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1940-1954
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• 1992

Fine grid computations were attempted to analyze the turbulent flows in the near wall low Reynolds number region and the numerical analyses were incorporated by a finite-volume discretization with full find grid system and low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model was employed in this region. For the improvement of low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model, modification coefficient of eddy viscosity $f_{\mu}$ was derived as a function of turbulent Reynolds number $R_{+}$ and nondimensional length $y^{+}$ from the concept of two length scales of dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. The modification coefficient $f_{\epsilon}$ in .epsilon. transport equation was also derived theoretically. In the turbulent kinetic energy equation, pressure diffusion term was added in order to consider low Reynolds number region effect. The main characteristics of this low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model were founded as : (1) In high Reynolds number region, the present model has limiting behavior which approaches to the high Reynolds number model. (2) Present low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model dose not need additional empirical constants for the transport equations of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy in order to consider wall effect. Present low Reynolds number turbulence model was tested in the pipe flow and obtained improved results in velocity profiles and Reynolds stress distributions compared with those from other k-.epsilon. models.s.s.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 1994

In the process of pervaporation separation for aqueous ethanol solution through cellulose tai-acetate(CTA) membrane, the modelling on the solution-diffusion permeation mechanism was built up on the basis of sorption and permeation experimental results. Also its function type and parameter were examined. The composition of sorption equilibrium in three component system(Ethanol/Water/CTA) were compared with the calculated value by Flory-Huggins' equation using the pure component sorption data. In order to apply the thermodynamic equilibrium relationship between the membrane free composition in the membrane and the equilibrium composition in the liquid phase, the apparent activity this system, however, the results were not satisfied. Diffusion equations were expressed with the concentration gradient considering permeate alone, and a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient which includes a parameter was used. And this model was fitted with the measured permeation rates. If the permeation rate and the amount of sorption of one component were much larger than those of the other, the bulk flow term could not be negligible. The flux and selectivity were increased with increasing temperature, and with decreasing downstream pressure.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2003

Reactivity of Char-CO$_2$ gasification of five coals for power generation was investigated with PTGA in the temperature range 850∼1000$^{\circ}C$ and the pressure range 0.5∼2.0 MPa. The effect of coal rank, initial char characteristics and pressure on the reaction rate was evaluated for five chars. The reactivity of low lank coal char was better than that of high rank coal char, and this could be explained with the initial pore structure and surface area of char. Meso/macro-pores of char seems to markedly affect char reactivity by way of providing channels for diffusion of reactant gas into the reactive surface area. For the range of tested pressure, the reaction rate is proportional to CO$_2$ partial pressure and the reaction order ranges from 0.4 to 0.7 for five chars. The effect of total pressure on the reaction rate was small, and kinetic parameters, based on the unreacted core model, were obtained for five chars.