• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.165.1-165.1
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• 2016

Zn의 수요는 매년 증가하지만 매장량의 한계로 대체용 물질계가 개발이 필요한 시점이다. Zn보다 상대적으로 풍부하고 동일 두께의 Zn 코팅층과 비교하여 우수한 내식성을 보이는 Al과 Mg의 코팅층을 제작하여 Al-Mg 코팅 강판의 특성 분석 및 평가를 실시하였다. Al-Mg 코팅층은 99.99%의 Al, 99.9%의 Mg target을 사용하여 스퍼터링을 이용하여 냉연강판 위에 코팅하였다. 증발물질과 기판과의 거리는 7cm 이며, 기판은 세척을 실시한 후 클리닝 챔버에 장착하고 ~10-5 Torr 까지 진공배기를 실시하였다. 클리닝 챔버가 기본 압력까지 배기되면 아르곤 가스를 주입하고 기판 홀더에 -800 V의 직류 전압을 인가하여 약 30분간 글로우 방전 청정을 실시하였다. 기판의 청정이 끝나면 아르곤 가스를 차단하고 코팅 챔버로 시편을 이송 후 코팅층 성분의 구성형태에 따라 Al과 Mg을 코팅하였다. Al-Mg 코팅층은 $3{\mu}m$의 두께를 기준으로 Mg wt.%의 비율을 5% ~ 90%까지 변화시키며 코팅하였다. 그리고 후속 공정으로 질소 분위기 $400^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 열처리를 하였다. Al-Mg 코팅층을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 표면에서는 Al-Mg 코팅층에 존재하는 Mg 함량이 높아질수록 grain의 크기가 증가하였고 단면에서는 열처리 전의 치밀한 구조에서 열처리 후에는 주상구조 혹은 grain 구조가 선명해지는 것을 볼 수 있었으며 글로우방전분광기로 Al과 Mg의 성분 비율변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Al-Mg가 코팅된 강판을 염수분무시험을 통해서 내부식 특성을 확인하였다. Al-Mg 코팅 강판의 염수분무시험 결과, Mg 함량이 낮은 Al-Mg 코팅층은 열처리 후 뚜렷한 내식성 향상을 보였으며 Mg 조성 변화에 따라 일정한 경향성을 보였다. 하지만 Mg 함량이 높은 Al-Mg 코팅층은 열처리 후 급격한 내식성 저하와 함께 시편간의 편자가 커지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 최적의 내식성을 보이는 Mg의 조성을 확인하기 위해서는 향후 보다 변별력이 높은 평가가 결과가 필요하다고 판단되어진다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.215.1-215.1
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• 2016

플라즈마는 반도체, 디스플레이, 태양전지 등 다양한 산업 분야에 이용된다. 플라즈마 공정 시 수율 향상을 위해 플라즈마를 진단하는 기술이 필요한데, 대표적으로 전자온도가 있다. 반도체 공정의 낮은 압력과 높은 밀도의 플라즈마에서 전자온도는 1~10 eV 정도인데, 0.5 eV정도의 아주 적은 차이로도 공정 결과에 큰 영향을 미친다. 플라즈마의 전자온도를 측정하는 방법은 전기적 탐침 방법인 랑뮤어 탐침(Langmuir Probe)과 와이즈 프로브(Wise Probe)를 이용한 방법, 그리고 광학적 방법인 방출분광법(OES : Optical Emission Spectroscopy)이 있다. 전기적 탐침 방법은 직접 플라즈마 내부에 탐침을 넣기 때문에 불활성 기체를 사용한 공정에서는 잘 작동하지만 건식식각이나 증착에 사용할 경우 탐침의 오염으로 인한 오동작, 공정 시 생성된 샘플에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 단점이 있다. 반면에 방출분광법은 광학적 진단으로, 플라즈마를 사용하는 공정 진행 중에 외부에 광학계를 설치하여 플라즈마에서 발생하는 빛을 광학적으로 분석하기 때문에 공정에 영향을 미치지 않고, 공정 장비에 적용이 쉬운 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 RF Power를 인가한 유도결합플라즈마(ICP : Inductively Coupled Plasma) 공정에서 아르곤 가스와 산소 혼합가스 분압과 인가전압을 변화시켜 플라즈마 방출광 세기 변화에 따른 전자온도를 측정하였다. 전자온도 측정에는 전기적 방법인 랑뮤어 탐침, 와이즈 프로브를 이용한 방법과 광학적 방법인 방출분광법을 사용하여 측정하였으며 이를 비교 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.345-358
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• 2018

The high altitude scientific balloon has been used for decades in advanced aerospace countries such as United States, France, and Japan to carry out various research objectives. Since the initial cost for development and operation is enormous, it has been conducted by national research institutes. Recently, the advent of open source software/hardware ecosystems with low-cost yet high-performance have lowered barriers to enter into scientific balloon research and development. In this study, a zero pressure balloon prototype was designed considering the cost, usability, compatibility, and development period by using commercial off the shelf (COTS) items. In addition, the flight operation experience was accumulated through eight times of the flight tests, and operational reliability of the balloon system was verified. Finally, the foundation for the operation of the large zero pressure balloon was established.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.394-398
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• 1998

An optimum synthetic condition was studied for the MCS used as a silicone monomer. The contact mixture was made from the four component catalyst system($CuCl/ZnCl_2/Sn/Cd$) and silicon particles. The contact mass was used for a series of experiments with methyl chloride, which were designed and done to explore the optimum condition for MCS synthesis by an experimental design method. The optimum temperature and MeCl flow rate, which were obtained using 50g contact mass at 60rpm and 1 atm, were in the range of $300-305^{\circ}C$ and of 70-80ccm. Also a continuous run was performed to confirm the conditions. The results showed that the average reaction rate and selectivity were 170(g-MCS/hr.kg-Si) and 0.05 respectively at 67% conversion of MeCl and 92% silicon utilization rate. Also the parameters of overall reaction rate equation and a total pressure were estimated on the basis of the results of the continuous run.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 2013

Single phase crystalline powders of $Mg_3Sb_2$ and $Mg_3Bi_2$ were prepared by mechanical alloying Mg, Sb and Bi metals with planetary ball milling for 24~48 h. The compositions of starting raw materials for single phase $Mg_3Sb_2$ and $Mg_3Bi_2$ were 3Mg : 1.8Sb and 3Mg : 1.6Bi, respectively. Two types of mechanically alloyed powders obtained were mixed at some ratios for the fabrication of $Mg_3Sb_2-Mg_3Bi_2$ composites and then hot pressed under uniaxial pressure of 70 MPa at 723 K for 1 h. The main phase of composites was a stable phase similar to $Mg_3Bi_2$ phase with a small amount of Bi phase. The distributions of Sb and Bi elements on EDS mapping images were discontinuous and their compositional contours were clear, which means that the hot pressed specimens were composites composed of two compounds of $Mg_3Sb_2$ and $Mg_3Bi_2$.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2009

Hydraulic fracturing technology has been widely applied in the industry for the recovery of the natural resources such as gas, oil and geothermal heat from hot dry rock. During hydraulic fracturing stimulation, multiple cracks are created resulting in mechanical interaction between cracks. Such an interaction influences obtaining hydraulic fracturing key parameters (crack opening, length, and borehole net pressure). The boundary collocation method (BCM) has been proved to be very effective in considering mechanical interaction. However, for better confidence, it needs to be verified by comparison with analytical solutions such as stress intensity factors. In this paper, three cases, single fracture in remote uniaxial tension, single fracture in remote shear stress field and two arbitrary segments in an infinite plane loaded at infinity are considered. As a result, the BCM is proved to be valid technique to consider mechanical interaction between cracks and can be used to estimate the hydraulic fracturing parameters such as opening of the fracture, and so on.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1105-1110
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• 2012

The spine is one of the most important skeletal joints, and it strongly affects the health of the musculoskeletal system. A normal spine has an S-shape, and it is very important to maintain this shape. Recently, spinal diseases such as low back pain have increased rapidly, especially among the elderly. Some of these diseases are caused by congenital spinal disorders and sporting and accident injuries as well as by bad postures. Improper spinal postures could generate excessive disc pressure, which is related to degeneration and pain. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the three-dimensional kinematic parameters of the thoraco-lumbar joint in several bad postures using a motion capture analysis technique. Different bad postures created a significant amount of flexion/extension, side bending, and axial rotation angle compared with neutral postures. Further study is necessary to investigate the disc pressure and ligament force due to the increase in joint rotation from the bad postures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2017

In this study, the visualization of the unsteady flow field of a Weis-Fogh-type water turbine was investigated using particle-image velocimetry. The visualization experiments were performed in a parameter range that provided relatively high-efficiency wing conditions, that is, at a wing opening angle ${\alpha}=40^{\circ}$ and at a velocity ratio of the uniform flow to the moving wing U/V = 1.5~2.5. The flow fields at the opening, translational, and closing stages were investigated for each experimental parameter. In the opening stage, the fluid was drawn in between the wing and wall at a velocity that increased with an increase in the opening angle and velocity ratio. In the translational stage, the fluid on the pressure face of the wing moved in the direction of the wing motion, and the boundary layer at the back face of the wing was the thinnest and had a velocity ratio of 2.0. In the closing stage, the fluid between the wing and wall was jetted at a velocity that increased as the opening angle decreased; however, the velocity was independent of the velocity ratio.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2004

Pyrochlore was known as one of the most promising materials for the immobilization of radioactive actinide. This study includes the synthesis, phase relation and characteristics of pyrochlores (CaCeH$f_xTi_{2-x}O_7$=0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.0) in the system of Ca-Ce-Hf-Ti-O. The samples were prepared from high purity of starting materials under the pressure of 400kg/cm$^2$ at room temperature, and were sintered at 1200∼1$600^{\circ}C$ The synthesized samples were analyzed and identified with XRD. The optimal formation conditions of pyrochlores were at 1300∼150$0^{\circ}C$ under $O_2$ atmosphere with batch compositions. During synthesis, pyrochlore, perovskite and $A_{2}BO_{5}$ oxide were formed. The characteristics of this system is that parameter of pyrochlore was increased with the content of hafnium. This phenomenon was due to the difference of ionic size between hafnium and titanium in six coordinated site.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1940-1954
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• 1992

Fine grid computations were attempted to analyze the turbulent flows in the near wall low Reynolds number region and the numerical analyses were incorporated by a finite-volume discretization with full find grid system and low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model was employed in this region. For the improvement of low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model, modification coefficient of eddy viscosity $f_{\mu}$ was derived as a function of turbulent Reynolds number $R_{+}$ and nondimensional length $y^{+}$ from the concept of two length scales of dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. The modification coefficient $f_{\epsilon}$ in .epsilon. transport equation was also derived theoretically. In the turbulent kinetic energy equation, pressure diffusion term was added in order to consider low Reynolds number region effect. The main characteristics of this low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model were founded as : (1) In high Reynolds number region, the present model has limiting behavior which approaches to the high Reynolds number model. (2) Present low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model dose not need additional empirical constants for the transport equations of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy in order to consider wall effect. Present low Reynolds number turbulence model was tested in the pipe flow and obtained improved results in velocity profiles and Reynolds stress distributions compared with those from other k-.epsilon. models.s.s.