• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.597-603
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• 2016

In this paper a comparative thermodynamics analysis is carried out for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and ammonia-water Rankine cycle (AWRC) utilizing low-grade heat sources. Effects of the working fluid, ammonia concentration, and turbine inlet pressure are systematically investigated on the system performance such as mass flow rate, pressure ratio, turbine-exit volume flow, and net power production as well as the thermal efficiency. Results show that ORC with a proper working fluid shows higher thermal efficiency than AWRC, however, AWRC shows lower mass flow rate of working fluid and lower pressure ratio of expander than ORC.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.337-344
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• 2001

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-74
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• 1998

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.26-34
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• 2001

흡수식 사이클에 이용되는 이성분 혼합물인 암모니아/물의 작동유체로 하는 상온에너지의 장거리수송 및 변환기술을 소개한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2009

Because of high contents of cellulose (~37 wt%) and hemicellulose (~17%), rice straw seems to be a potential lignocellulosic biomass for production of bioethanol. In this study, Ammonia Recycled Percolation (ARP) pretreatment of rice straw was extensively investigated. In particular, the experimental study included the effects of temperature, reaction time and concentration of ammonia on compositions and enzymatic digestibility of the resulting solid residues; the ranges of pretreatment conditions were, in turn, $150{\sim}190^{\circ}C$, 10~90 min and 0~20 wt%. Through ARP pretreatment, the lignin content was reduced by as high as ~84% while 20~80% of the hemicellulose was also solubilized. The solid residue resulted from the pretreatment with 15 wt% aqueous ammonia solution at $170^{\circ}C$ for 90 mim showed as high as ~90% of digestibility with 15FPU/g of glucan enzyme loading. Supplement of xylanese to cellulase led to a notable enhancement of digestibility, indicating a discernable inhibitory role of hemicellulose. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-Fermentation (SSCF) were performed to obtain ethanol productions of 13.8 g/L (corresponding to 81% yield) and 15 g/L (corresponding to 89% yield), respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2014

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis from water and nitrogen using a Pt/GDC/Pt cell was experimentally investigated. Electrochemical analysis and ammonia synthesis in the moisture-saturated nitrogen environment were performed under the operating temperature range $400{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ and the applied potential range OCV (Open Circuit Voltage)-1.2V. Even though the ammonia synthesis rate was augmented with the increase in the operating temperature (i.e. increase in the applied current) under the constant potential, the faradaic efficiency was decreased because of the limitation of dissociative chemisorption of nitrogen on the Pt electrode. The maximum synthesis rate of ammonia was $3.67{\times}10^{-11}mols^{-1}cm^{-2}$ with 0.1% faradaic efficiency at $600^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Ammonia is a causative substance for the fine particulate matters (PM_2.5) and generates dust through atmospheric reactions. Agricultural sector accounts for 79.3% of ammonia emissions in Korea. Urea and composted organic fertilizer (COF) are used in the soil for the purpose of supplying nutrients in grapevine orchards. This study was conducted to investigate estimates of ammonia emission and examine fruit quality from the rain proof cultivation of the 'Beni Balad', applied by urea and COF to the soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: Urea, COF1, and COF2 were applied at the rates of 119, 135, and 271 kg ha^-1 respectively. Ammonia emissionwas measured using a dynamic flow-through method. CONCLUSION(S): Ammonia emissions by urea and COF treatments to 'Beni Balad' soils under rain proof cultivation were calculated to be 2.63, 12.95, 2.05, and 3.97 kg NH₃-N ha^-1 day^-1, respectively for the control, urea, COF1, and COF2. Urea soil application increased soluble solids, firmness, and anthocyanin content in fruits at harvest, and COF1 application increased the soluble solids and anthocyanin content. For all the treatments, acidity increased in the harvested fruits.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2007

The catalytic behavior of the manganese oxides was studied for the selective catalytic reduction with ammonia at a low temperature condition under $200^{\circ}C$. Outlet unreacted ammonia increases with decreasing temperature and increasing $NH_3/NOx$ mole ratio, however $NO_2$ shows an opposite result. $NO_2$ is generated by the adsorption of NO on the catalyst and the following oxidization to nitrates. Unreacted NH3 slip is not observed even at the $NH_3/NOx$ feed ratio above 1.0 due to the reaction between formed nitrates on the catalyst and adsorbed ammonia. The addition of Zr increases $NO_2$ generation, whereas the addition of CeO2 on the catalyst decreases $NO_2$ generation. Furthermore, the additon of the metal oxide induce DeNOx efficiency to reduce.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.6 s.74
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• pp.10-15
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• 2006

As a basic study on recovery of valuable metals such as vanadium and nickel from metal oxide obtained from waste orimulsion ash, we conducted selectively leaching of vanadium and nickel using $Na_2CO_3$ leaching and ammoniacal leaching, respectively. The 97% of vanadium was selectively leached at an optimum experimental condition, 50g/L $Na_2CO_3$, pulp density 50g/L, and 35% $H_2O_2$ 50ml/L, $25^{\circ}C$... for 1 hr, whereas no nickel was leached. In ammoniacal leaching study, 95% of nickel was selectively leached at the optimal experimental condition, $NH_4OH\;2M,\;(NH_4){_2}SO_4$ 1.5M, pulp density 50g/L, 25, for 4 hr along with 3% of vanadium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.183-187
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• 2003

신천에 금호강물을 혼합한 이후의 수질개선에 대한 효과를 알아보기 위해 수질조사를 하였다. 3월부터 9 개월 동안 신천의 물을 측정한 결과 부유물질의 농도는 1.2mg/$\ell$~18.7mg/$\ell$의 범위로 나타났으며, 상동교 지점에서 금호강물 유입이 시작된 5월 말부터 측정한 부유물질의 농도는 2.8mg/$\ell$~8.6mg/$\ell$의 범위로 나타내었다. 생화학적산소요구량의 농도는 0.6mg/$\ell$~7.9mg/$\ell$의 범위로 나타났으며, 상동교 지점에서 5월 말부터 측정한 생화학적산소요구량의 농도는 2.9mg/$\ell$~7.2mg/$\ell$의 범위로 나타났다. 무태교 지점에서 생화학적산소요구량의 농도는 3.6mg/$\ell$~5.6mg/$\ell$의 범위로 높았다. 암모니아태 질소의 농도는 0.12mg/$\ell$~0.79mg/$\ell$~의 범위로 나타났으며, 상동교 지점에서 5월 말부터 측정한 암모니아태 질소는 0.15mg/$\ell$~0.67mg/$\ell$~의 범위로 나타났다. 무태교 지점에서의 암모니아태 질소의 농도는 0.43mg/$\ell$~0.79mg/$\ell$의 범위이었다. 총인의 농도는 0.16mg/$\ell$~l.12mg/$\ell$의 범위로 나타났으며, 상동교 지점에서 5월 말부터 측정한 암모니아태 질소의 농도는 0.33mg/$\ell$~0.88mg/$\ell$~의 범위로 나타났다. 무태교 지점에서의 총인의 농도는 0.52mg/$\ell$~0.99mg/$\ell$~의 범위이었다. 신천에 금호강물을 혼합한 이후에도 부유물질, 생화학적산소요구량, 암모니아태 질소, 총인 등의 농도가 개선되지 않았다. 즉 금호강물의 혼합은 신천수질환경사업소에서 배출되는 방류수에 함유되어 있을 2차 오염물질의 희석이라는 이점외의 수질개선효과는 확인되지 않았다.