• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.192-195
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• 2008

'Sinunbong 1' is a japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between "Sangjubyeo", high yield cultivar and 'Unbong 17', cold tolerance at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2005. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 111 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Korean climate condition. This cultivar shows high resistant reaction to the blast, but susceptible to bacterial blight and strip virus. This variety has cold tolerance, compared to Odaebyeo. The milled kernels of 'Sinunbong 1' are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 19.2% of amylose content and better palatability of cooked rice compared with 'Odaebyeo'. The milled rice yield of 'Sinunbong 1' is about 5.46 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. 'Sinunbong 1' would be adaptable to the northern plain, mid-mountainous, southern mountainous of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.452-455
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• 2008

"Baegseolchal" is a new Japonica type waxi rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a across between Iksan435 which is highly tolerant to lodging and high yield potential, and Iksan425 which is resistance to multiple diseases. This variety has about 120 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in middle, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 80 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. It is moderately resistant to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from $K_1$ to $K_3$, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. "Baegseolchal" is midium-short grain and the milled rice exhibits high whiteness. The milled rice yield was about 5.37 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. "Baegseolchal" would be adaptable to plain areas south of the Chungnam Province of Korea.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2018

In order to cope with environmental problems and climate change caused by fossil fuels, renewable energy supply is increasing year by year. Currently, waste energy accounts for 60% of renewable energy production. However, waste has a lower calorific value than fossil fuels and contains various harmful substances, which causes serious problems when applied to power generation boilers. In particular, the chlorine in the waste fuel increases slagging and fouling of boiler heat exchangers, leading to a reduction in thermal efficiency and the main cause of high temperature corrosion, lowering facility operation rate and increasing operating cost. In this study, the high temperature corrosion experiments of superheater materials (ASME SA213/ASTM A213 T2, T12 and T22 alloy steel) by alkali chlorides were conducted, and their corrosion characteristics were analyzed by the weight loss method and SEM-EDS. Experiments show that the higher the temperature and chloride content, the more corrosion occurs, and KCl further corrodes the materials compared to NaCl under the same condition. In addition, the higher the chromium content of the material, the better the corrosion resistance to the alkali chlorides.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 2019

In this study, viable cells, coliforms and food poisoning bacteria were identified according to the pH levels of the coagulant and immersion liquid during each stage in the production of konjac, and storage stability was confirmed for 3 months. A considerable number of bacteria were found in the raw material, or powdered konjac (Amorphophallus konjac), as well as in the processing water. However, it has been shown that the plastic package were safe from microorganisms. Due to the high pH of the added coagulant [2.0% $Ca(OH)_2$], no contaminating bacteria were observed after konjac jelly formation. Coliforms were not detected any of the tested steps. During the molding process, the pH of konjac was adjusted to 9.5 ~ 12.5 at intervals of 0.5, and the number of bacteria was determined. As a result, no bacteria were detected in the alkaline range above pH 11.5. The pH of the immersion liquid was adjusted to 10.0 ~ 12.5, and after hardening, the konjac were stored at room temperature for 12 weeks. As a result, no bacteria, Escherichia coli or other food poisoning bacteria were detected at pH 11.5 or higher. Based on these results, it is expected that when the pH levels of the konjac and its immersion liquid are maintained at 11.5, it should be possible to keep the product for 3 months without additional sterilization process.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

Coal combustion products are generated during coal combustion and can be grouped into fly ash and bottom ash depending on collection methods. Fly ash and bottom ash can be recycled for various purposes based on their characteristics. Australia is the fourth largest coal production country in the world and reuses coal ash as cement, concrete, mine filler, and agricultural soil amendment. When fly ash is used as a supplement for cement and concrete, strength of the cement and the durability of the concrete can be improved. Use of coal combustion product for mine backfill stabilizes underground mine voids and stores a large amount of coal ash in the voids. Because of alkalinity of coal combustion products, it can neutralize acid mine drainage when used for mine backfill. In addition, it can be used as an agricultural soil amendment to improve acidity and physical properties of the soil and to supply plant nutrients. Recycling of fly ash in Australia will be further expanded because of its low trace element contents that can be toxic to plants and low radioactive element contents existing within soil background concentrations. The characteristics of coal combustion products are related to the characteristics of the coal used for combustion, and since Korea imports coal from Australia, Korean coal combustion products also can be recycled for various purposes.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

Recently, research on carbon adsorbents has been active as an interest in improving the environment such as indoor and outdoor air quality. Considering that causative substances deteriorate the air quality are basically volatile organic compounds, it is important to improve the hydrophobicity of the carbon materials for better removal efficiency. This study presents a method for improving hydrophobicity of carbon and a measurement of the hydrophobicity. Generally, methods of improving the hydrophobicity of carbon materials are heat treatment, acid/alkali treatment, coating and immersion with hydrophobic materials. However, it collapses the pore structure and reduces the adsorption capacity. Therefore, this study briefly introduce not only the general method for improving carbon materials' hydrophobicity but also the method for converting the precursor of the material is briefly introduced. Futhermore, this study introduces a analytical technique used to determine hydrophobic modification or not, and aims to enhance the understanding of carbon materials.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2020

In accordance with the recent trend of environmentally friendly agricultural policy, product registration of agricultural chitosan among the organic materials has been displayed in various forms such as soil improving agent, crop growth, and pest control. Chitin production industry is expected to bring competitiveness by producing low-quality and low-cost chitin for agriculture, rather than high-quality and high-cost for food, medical products. Since there are various soil microorganisms that can decompose chitin and chitosan in farm soil where crops are produced, it can be applied usefully to agricultural sites suitably for crop growth and pest control using chitin and chitosan as substrates. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the registration status of organic materials companies using chitin and chitosan raw materials in the organic materials information system of the NAQS, and to provide an opportunity to further expand the agricultural use of domestic chitin and chitosan.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.239-250
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• 2020

Biomass is an abundant renewable energy resource that can replace fossil fuels for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG). Indonesia has a large number of cheap biomass feedstocks, such as reforestation (waste wood) and palm residues (empty fruit bunch or EFB). In general, raw biomass contains more than 20% moisture and lacks calorific value, energy density, grindability, and combustion efficiency. Those properties are not acceptable fuel attributes as the conditions currently stand. Recently, torrefaction facilities, especially in European countries, have been built to upgrade raw biomass to solid fuel with high quality. In Korea, there is no significant market for torrefied solid fuel (co-firing) made of biomass residues, and only the wood pellet market presently thrives (~ 2 million ton yr-1). However, increasing demand for an upgraded solid fuel exists. In Indonesia, torrefied woody residues as co-firing fuel are economically feasible under the governmental promotion of renewable energy such as in feed-in-tariff (FIT). EFB, one of the chief palm residues, could replace coal in cement kiln when the emission trading system (ETS) and clean development mechanism (CDM) system are implemented. However, technical issues such as slagging (alkali metal) and corrosion (chlorine) should be addressed to utilize torrefied EFB at a pulverized coal boiler.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2C
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• pp.121-131
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• 2006

The strength standard of shotcrete in Korea is relatively lower than that in Europe where high-strength shotcrete has been developed and actively applied to the common practice, so it is hard to test a quality of high-strength shotcrete. In this study, field test was performed to find a solution improving the strength and a long-term durability on domestic shotcrete. In field test, a high-strength shotcrete was produced using high-quality additions and accelerators, and an effect of additions and accelerators was observed. In addition, quality test based on EFNARC was also performed. As a result of field test, a promotion ratio of early strength is 90~97% in case of using alkali-free accelerators, therefore, alkali-free accelerators had an effect on an increase of early strength on shotcrete. A compressive strength of shotcrete using Micro-silica fume was 45.2~55.8MPa and flexible strength was 5.01~6.66MPa, so a promotion ratio of strength was 37~79%, 17~61% respectively. It was showed that increment effect of strength by the silica fume replacement of 7.5~10% for cement mass was remarkable. As a result of test, it was possible to apply high-strength shotcrete to the domestic practice using high-quality additions such as Micro-silica fume and accelerators such as alkali-free.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.209-232
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• 2007

두산은 2001년에 <산> 소주 제품으로 소주시장에 진입하였지만, 2002년도에 6.7%였던 <산> 소주의 시장 점유율이 2004년도 들어서서 5.4% 로 하락하였고, 선호도 역시 매우 낮은 수준으로 조사되어, 원인분석과 함께 새로운 소주에 대한 개발 필요성이 대두되었다. 당시 두산은 시장 선도 브랜드인 <참이슬>의 충성 고객층은 감소하면서 비호감 고객층이 증가하는 등 소주에 대한 고객의 욕구가 변화하고 있다는 시장조사 결과에서 성공의 기회를 엿볼 수 있었다. 그리고 1인당 알코올 소비량은 감소하였으나 소주의 소비량은 연간 70병으로 일정한 소비를 나타나고 있었기 때문에, 소주시장의 매력도는 아직 충분히 존재한다고 판단하였다. 그리하여 두산이 목표로 삼을 표적시장 선정을 위한 시장조사를 대대적으로 시작하였는데, 소주 음용 조사에서 30~40대의 남성들은 소비량이 감소하는 반면 여성들의 소주 소비량은 전 연령대에 걸쳐 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 여기에서 두산은 새로운 소주시장에 대한 신제품 개발의 기회를 발견하고, 신제품 개발 프로젝트에 착수하게 되었다. 이를 위해 먼저 소주 트렌드의 변화와 소비자들의 라이프 스타일을 살펴보고, 이를 통해 '웰빙'을 신제품의 주요가치로 결정하게 된다. 이후 시장 세분화 조사를 통해 다량음용자(heavy user)가 많은 품질 중시 시장과 도수 및 숙취 중시 시장에 진입하기로 한다. 그 다음 소주에 대한 소비자들의 불만족 요인이 무엇인지 살펴보고 이를 해결하기 위한 대안들을 탐색한다. 그 결과 '목 넘김이 부드럽고, 몸의 산성화를 중화시키며, 숙취 해소'에 뛰어난 '알칼리수'를 신제품의 주원료로 사용한 <처음처럼>을 개발하게 된다. 소주의 주요 속성별 선호도 조사를 실시한 결과, 모든 속성에서 <처음처럼>이 경쟁사 제품보다 뛰어난 것으로 나타나 두산은 <처음처럼>을 시장에 출시하게 되었다. <처음처럼>은 24~35세를 목표 고객으로 설정하고, 유흥업소가 밀집한 중심상권을 집중적으로 공략하였다. 이를 위해 저가 정책을 실시하여 유통업체의 마진을 높였으며, 다양한 광고, 촉진 전략을 통해서 소비자 인지도를 향상시켰다. 그 결과 수도권 및 전국 지역에서 지속적으로 시장점유율이 증가하였으며, 소비자들에게 <참이슬>과 차별화된 이미지를 구축하게 되었다. <처음처럼>이 성공적으로 시장에 진입할 수 있었던 이유로는 알칼리수 사용, 감성적 브랜드명 채택, 차별화된 마케팅 전략 구사, 그리고 조직원의 강력한 성공 의지 등을 들 수 있다. 소주 시장의 독보적 존재였던 <참이슬>과의 경쟁에서 이루어진 결과라는 점에서 <처음처럼>의 사례는 많은 기업들에게 시사점을 제공할 수 있다. 하지만 현재 '대중성'이나 '친근감'같은 이미지가 <참이슬>에 비해 상대적으로 낮고, <참이슬 fresh>의 출시로 인해 목표 고객인 20대가 이탈되는 문제는 앞으로 <처음처럼>이 극복해야 할 과제이다. 이를 위해 <처음처럼>은 무엇보다 '웰빙 소주'로서의 이미지를 확고히 하기 위한 마케팅 전략을 실행하여야 할 것이다.