• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.734-744
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• 2011

A soil stabilization method is an effective and practical remediation alternative for arsenic (As) and heavy metal contaminated farmland soils nearby abandoned metal mine in Korea. This method is a technique whereby amendments are incorporated and mixed with a contaminated soil. Toxic metal bind to the amendments, which reduce their mobility in soil, so the successful stabilization of multi-element contaminated soil depends on the combination of critical elements in the soil and the type of amendments. The objective of this study is to investigate the treatment effects and applicability of limestone (LS) and steel refining slag (SRS) as the amendment for farmland soil contaminated with As and heavy metals, and a lab-column test was conducted for achieving this purpose. The result showed that soil treated with LS and SRS maintained pH buffer capacity and, as a result, the heavy metal leaching concentration was quite low below the water quality standard compared to untreated soil which leachate exceeding the water quality standard was observed, however, the arsenic concentration rather increased with increasing mixture ratio of SRS. This was believed to be related to phosphorus (P) contained in SRS, and dominancy in the competitive adsorption relation between As and P binding strongly to iron might be different according to soil characteristic. We suggested that LS is a effective amendment for reducing heavy metals in soil, and SRS should be used after investigating its applicability based on the adsorption selectivity of arsenic and phosphorus in selected soil.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.341-352
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• 2021

Acerola is an excellent ingredient because of its high natural vitamin C content, but it is difficult to stabilize and has hardly been studied as a cosmetic material. Therefore, this study developed a mixed liposome preparation for stabilizing acerola extract. As a safety test, the skin irritation test was evaluated by BCOP assay and HET-CAM assay. We evaluated the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, the whitening effect of melanin production, and the wrinkle effect of prochloragentype-I C-peptide production, and confirmed the possibility of functional cosmetics. In addition, a cream of liposomes containing acerola extract mixture was developed to evaluate the clinical studies of skin wrinkles and whitening. BCOP assay, HET-CAM assay and human skin primary irritation test results of liposomes containing acerola extract mixture showed no irritation and were safe from skin and eye. The result of tyrosinase activity by 75.8% at 1,000 ㎍/mL. As a result of the melanogenesis inhibition test, liposome with acerola extract showed the melanin content by 46.2% at 1,000 ㎍/mL that does not effect the viability of the B16F10 cell line. The result of collagen production test using ELISA kit, liposomes containing acerola extract mixture showed collagen synthesis ability by 152.1% at 1,000 ㎍/mL that does not affect the viability of the HS68 cell line. But it did not showed any inhibition of collagenase (MMP-1) activity at all concentrations in the MMP-1 activity inhibition test in the HS68 cell line. We performed clinical studies for the whitening and skin-wrinkle activity of cream containing acerola extract mixes liposome, was showed that the melanin contents and wrinkle was statistically significant reduction. These results suggest that liposomes containing acerola extract mixture have safe natural material, and skin wrinkle, whitening effects allowing their application in cosmetics as a natural product.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2010

다른 물질에 비해 많은 우수한 특성을 가지고 있는 CuInSe2(CIS)박막 태양전지는 많은 연구자들에 의해 개발되어 오고 있다. CIS의 대표적인 장점으로는 직접천이형 밴드갭, 높은 흡수계수, 열 안정화상태 및 p형으로의 전도성물질의 가능성 등 다양하다. 또한 간단한 구조를 이용하여 유리같은 싼 기판을 이용하기 때문에 저가형 태양전지로서 많은 각광을 받고 있다. CIGS태양전지는 CIS의 In 사이트에 Ga을 도핑함으로서 만들어지는데 밴드갭은 약 1.4eV이다. CIS박막을 만드는 많은 방법이 존재하나 구성원소로부터 최적화된 조성을 찾을수 있는 방법이 가장 중요한 요소 중의 하나로 인식되고 있으며, 이런점에서 증발법 및 스퍼터링법 등 같은 진공방식이 비진공방식에 비해 훨씬 간편하게 조성비를 맞출수 있다. 그 중에 스퍼터링법은 대면적 박막태양전지로의 가능성으로 비출어 볼때 산업화를 위한 좋은 후보군이 될 수 있다. Selenization을 하기전에 Cu-In-Se의 전구체 조합은 여러개의 타겟으로부터 동시 스퍼터링법이나 다층 전구체법을 사용하여 준비되는데 어떤 방법이 되던지 Se의 부가적인 공급은 불가피하다. 지금까지 많은 관련 연구의 대부분인 구조적, 조성비적 그리고 광학적인 특성평가에 집중되어 오고 있는데, 전기적특성평가의 경우는 면저항, 비저항 같은 간단한 결과 위주로 보고되어 오고 있다. 또한 캐리어농도와 이동도에 대한 보고가 있음에도 불구하고 이해되기에는 충분치 못한 면이 많다.본 발표에서는 태양전지 제조 전단계로서 소다라임유리기판(SLG)위에 Mo의 유무에 따라 CIS박막의 전기적인 특성 변화에 대한 내용을 담고 있다. 소다라임유리($2cm{\times}2cm$)를 기판으로 사용하여 아세톤-에탄올 용액에 초음파세척을 수행하고, Mo 후면전극을 DC 스퍼터링방식을 이용하여 증착을 한다. SLG와 Mo이 코팅된 SLG를 각각 RF 스퍼터 챔버에 이송한 후 수증기 제거를 위해 약 10분간 예열을 한다. 샘플에 대한 전기적특성은 Hall효과 측정장치에 의해 측정이 되며 전기전도도, 캐리어농도, 이동도 및 전도형에 대한 정보가 각각의 변수에 따라 조사된돠. 부가적으로 구조적, 조성비적인 특성을 SEM,XRD 및 EDX를 통해 조사를 하여 전기적 특성에 따른 관계성을 검토한다. SLG와 Mo가 코팅된 SLG위의 CIS박막은 전기적으로 약간 다른 특성을 보일 것으로 예측되며, 이러한 기대를 바탕으로 조성비가 이상적인 화학양론에 근접할 때 p형으로서 제시될 수 있다는 것을 보여줄 것이다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.157-169
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• 2015

This study focuses on Korea films of historical communication. Narrative analysis was conducted on the films in 2000s including , and <26 Years> that mainly have dealt with the 'Gwangju Democratization Movement'. As a result of the syntagmatic analysis, these films try to stabilize 'social imbalances' in the aspect of individuals and conceals issues of social structure. In addition, the result of paradigmatic analysis reveals that textual factors of 'active involvement of female characters', 'continuity of history through the survivors' demonstrate its strategies to publicize the historical truth. Consequently these films show its limitations that weakens historical meaning by placing unsolved problems of social structure as well as the love story. But rather than describing it as a history of the past, these films act as a catalyst to bring thins specific historical issue to our present lives and publicize it as a current issue. Therefore, the historical film not only allows current generation to remind to history but also to provide an opportunity to publicize the important issues of social structure in the present society.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.445-454
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• 2016

With the increase of decrepit facilities, construction waste increased to a certain level and now the increase is more or less stabilized. Yet construction waste still constitutes the largest portion of the overall wastes. Also, it is inevitable to spend a huge amount of the national budget due to the aggravating shortage of aggregate caused by prohibition on collection of natural aggregates as well as due to the damage to the land and environment caused by development of the sources of aggregates. As a countermeasure to the situation, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport promulgated the quality standard for recycled aggregate to manage the usage of recycled aggregate according to its quality. But use of recycled aggregate for the purpose of high added value still remains nominal. Therefore, this research aims to study the applicability of recycled aggregate concrete as structural concrete by evaluating the quality improvement effects and the performance of the recycled aggregate concrete including recycled fine aggregate and recycled coarse aggregate that have undergone carbonation for 4 days and 14 days respectively in the condition of 60% RH, 20% $CO_2$ and $20^{\circ}C$ temperature, suggested for carbonation modifying from the advance research. The result shows carbonation modify contributed to quality improvement with 0.91% decrease in absorption rate for recycled fine aggregate and 0.7% decrease in absorption rate for recycled coarse aggregate. The physical properties and durability of the recycled aggregate made of aggregate modified by carbonation showed results similar to general concrete, which confirmed the possibility of applying the recycled aggregate made of recycled aggregate modified by carbonation to structural concrete.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 1998

We evaluated Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior, Ambrosia trifida, Rumex crispus which were reported to have good phytoremediatibility in different concentrations of Cu and Cd. Different growth responses were found in different heavy metal concentrations. Good growth rate for A. trifida and A. artemisiifolia var. elatior in Cu and Cd treatments and poor growth for R. crispus in Cd treatment were found. Although growth was retared in all tested weeds up to 200ppm for Cu and 50ppm for Cd, the high amount of heavy metal uptake indicated that these weeds could be used as phytoremediation. The choice of proper plant for bioremediation in different sources of heavy metal pollution seems important. In this regard, A. trifida which showed little variation in Cu accumulation in shoot under different Cu concentrations could be used for phytoremediation and phytostabilization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2006

Sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) was produced from hybridoma (1H11-5) obtained by fusion of myeloma cell (V653) and spleen cell isolated from mouse immunized sulfamthazine (SMZ)-HG-KLH. Direct competitive ELISA was developed for rapid detection of SMZ in milk samples using MAb against SMZ with optimized conditions between MAb and SMZ-HG-HRP conjugate, and applicable conditions for analysis of milk samples were established. Detection range of immunoassay was 0.1 to 100 ppb. Recoveries from spiked raw milk and processed milk samples averaged 82.1-120.7 and 82.1-97.1%, respectively.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.52-57
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cow manure as additive material on the ripening of sewage s sludge for vermistabiJization. The changes of the waste properties by ripening for 50days were observed as a function of the v various mixture ratios of sewage sludge ‘and cow manure. The pH values of the mixture wastes decreased from 7.5-7.67 to 6_ 9~7.2 by the ripening for 50days, and the mixture ratio made dIfferent pH values. The initial value of oxidation-reduction p potential (Eh) of the mixture waste was a negative (-) value indicating an unfavorable condition for earthworm after, but the v values of Eh increased with the opening time. The Increase rate at Eh value was prop$\alpha$rtional to the mixture ratio of cow m manure. The value of alkalinity was also changed into the favorable range for earthworm after 50days except for non-use of 1 the cow manure When the mixture ratio of the cow manure increased from 10% to 30%, the growth of earthworms increased h from 63.7% to 88.3 % tor the survival rate, 265% to 321% for the liveweight increasing rate and 66.7_7% to 91% for hatching f rate of the cocoons. It can be concluded that the proper content of tbe cow manure in the sewage sludge to ensure effective v vermistabilization was over 20%, when the mixture was ripened during 50 days. The quantity of ingestion and 며ectian at 20%-30% was found to be O.15--i.L18g sludge and 0 1l--O.14g solid per capacity earthworm per day, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.480-480
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• 2018

전 세계적으로 자연 친화, 하천생태계 보전, 친수하천 등을 조성하기 위한 대대적인 하천 정비사업이 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 최근 홍수로 인한 제방 붕괴에 대응하기 위한 제방의 안정화 및 개선을 위한 방법으로 기존의 시멘트와 같은 혼합물질을 사용하지 않고 환경 친화적이고 지속 가능한 대안에 대한 수요가 증가되고 있는 추세이며 현재 노후화 된 불안정 제방에 대한 보강대책을 수립해나가는 과정으로써 친환경 신소재를 활용하여 제방을 보호하는 연구가 수행되고 있다. 제방사면에 적용되는 신소재는 바이오폴리머를 활용한 재료로써 공동연구기관 카이스트에서 개발된 환경 친화적인 물질로 미생물에 의해 유도된 고인장 및 인체 무해성 등의 특성을 갖고 있으며 경제적 타당성인 측면에서 시멘트와 비교 분석 되어야 하고 실제 현장에서의 적용 가능성, 신뢰성 및 내구성 검토 등 성능을 보장하기 위한 지속적인 연구가 필요한 상황이다. 이에 본 안동하천실험센터에서는 중규모 제방을 직접 제작하여 수리모형실험을 통한 친환경 신소재 활용 제방의 안정성 및 성능 평가를 실시하였다. 수리실험 조건은 카이스트에서 제시된 레시피를 기반으로 먼저 분말형태의 바이이폴리머를 물과 희석하여 만들어진 바이오폴리머 용액을 흙과 혼합한 뒤 제방표면에 직접 미장작업을 수행하여 실험조건에 따라 일정한 두께(1cm, 3cm, 5cm)로 피복하였다. 이후 월류 붕괴 실험이 가능한 3 - 5일 정도의 양생기간을 거쳐 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과는 다수의 고프로(GoPro) 및 비디오 카메라 등 다양한 영상장치를 이용하여 픽셀기반의 영상분석기법을 활용한 시간 흐름에 따른 제방 사면에서의 붕괴규모를 산정하여 신소재의 피복 두께에 따른 제체의 붕괴 거동 및 안정성을 평가하였으며, 또한 제방 파괴부에서의 흐름 상황 및 유속이 붕괴 발달에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 PIV 분석을 실시하였다. 이번 연구의 최종목표는 지속적인 예비실험을 수행하여 월류 및 침투, 파이핑 등 파괴 인자 별 신소재의 성능 개선 및 개발된 새로운 공법에 대한 효과 검토를 통한 최적안을 도출함으로써 향후 실규모 실험실증을 통한 신소재 시공 및 공법에 대한 현장적용 가능성 검증을 거쳐 최종적으로 신소재 제방 공법 설계 기술, 신소재 및 공법 표준안, 제방공법 안정성 평가 가이드라인 등을 제시하고자 하며, 이러한 실험데이터를 축적함으로써 실제 제방 붕괴 시 비상대처계획 수립에 필요한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.164-174
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• 2021

This study confirmed the potential of Punica granatum L. extract for functional activity verification and cosmetic development. The electron-donating ability of Punica granatum L. extract was shown 60.6% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Its ABTS+ radical scavenging ability was shown 93.9% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Additionally, the inhibitive effects of elastase and collagenase inhibition effects were measured as 30% and 47.2%, respectively, at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. To determine the effect of Punica granatum L. extract on the proliferation of fibroblasts (CCD-986sk), cell viability was measured using a 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. As a result, survival rates of 130% or higher at a 500 ㎍/ml concentration or less were confirmed. According to the results of Western blot with Punica granatum L. extract, the expression inhibition rates of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) were decreased by 23.2%, 81.9%, and 69.2%, respectively, at a 100 ㎍/ml concentration. Based on the results above, O/W liquid crystal cream with 0.1% Punica granatum L. extract was prepared. The stabilities were tested at 4, 25, 45, and 50℃. By checking the pH, change over time, and stability by temperature, it was confirmed that all were stable for one month. Thus, Punica granatum L. extract shows potential as a natural material for cosmetics.