• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4 s.64
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

Smoke extraction in tunnel fire is investigated experimently with thermal model. The object is a immersed tunnel, of which the partial extraction system exists between the tubes. The model tunnel is measured 12 m long, 0.5 m wide and 0.35 m high. The fire is simulated to pool fire and the size corresponds to full scale fire of 5 MW based on Froude modeling. The performance of partial extraction system is determined under two ventilations, natural and longitudinal ones. The results show that compared with longitudinal ventilation, the smoke extraction efficiency of natural ventilation is increased about 30% because of smoke stratification in tunnel. Also the efficiency is identical to the iso-thermal model. The results will be help for activation of the ventilation system in emergency such as in the event of tunnel fires.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.235-244
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• 2016

Automotive symbols are more widely needed for new, convenient driving devices in automobiles. Good automotive symbols should be detectable, identifiable at first glance, easily learned, recognizable, and produce quick responses after practice. In this paper, a methodology for developing and evaluating automotive symbols is suggested. It includes multiple tests, such as comprehension, perceptual quality, appropriateness, and integrated evaluation. 28 symbols were tested and evaluated by the suggested methodology for convenient driving systems, such as a lane departure warning system (LDWS), cruise control (CCS), and a collision warning system (CWS). Most of the KS R ISO 2575 symbols had higher scores of comprehension, perceptual quality, and appropriateness, but the sunroof and camera symbols had lower scores. Standard symbols with several new functions should be developed. This methodology could be useful for developing and evaluating automotive symbols.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2008

An experimental study was performed to evaluate seismic reduction performance and applicability of 3-dimensional floor isolation system to the main control room of nuclear power plant. A friction pendulum system(FPS) and air spring were designed and fabricated for 3-dimensional floor isolation system. Two kind of the partial experimental model of a main control room attached to the FPS and air spring were tested on the shaking table. The experimental model consisted of a control panel, a $2.5m{\times}2.5m$ access floor, four FPS and air springs. The artificial time histories based on the vertical and horizontal floor response spectrums(OBE, SSE) of the main control room were used as the earthquake input signals in the test. Compared to non-isolated system, the seismic response of experimental models using 3-dimensional floor isolation system were shown considerable seismic reduction performance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2016

산업안전보건법에 따르면 결함수 분석기법(Fault Tree Analysis, FTA)은 주로, 설계 또는 운전단계에 있는 공정 위험성 평가 시 사고의 발생빈도와 예상사고 시나리오를 추정하는데 적용되어왔다. 따라서 일반적인 결함수 분석에서 정상 사상은 시스템 자체의 사용불능을 야기하는 가장 큰 원인을 의미한다. 그러나 상수도의 유지관리를 위해 FTA를 적용한 경우 정상 사상은 일반적인 FTA에서의 정상 사상과는 다르게 정의되어야 한다. 즉, 용수공급의 경우 관망 전체에 영향을 미치는 정상 사상이란 수원지의 오염이나, 수원지에서 직접적으로 나오는 관로에 문제가 생겼다거나 하는 사건을 의미하므로, 이러한 방식의 정상 사건 정의는 관망의 관로 및 절점에서 발생되는 문제를 분석하기 어렵게 만든다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 관망의 특정 지점에 용수공급이 원활하게 되지 않는 경우를 FTA의 정상사상으로 정의하였다. 또한, 개개의 관로 노후도 평가 점수와 FTA를 이용하여 관망의 특정 절점에 용수를 공급하기 위한 관로들의 노후도 평가 평균 점수를 산출하였다. 개발한 프로그램에서는 평균 노후도 평가 점수를 산출하기 위해서, 특정 절점 값을 입력 받고 각 파이프와 그로 인해 생기는 고립구간(세그먼트 + 비의도적 고립구간) 에 포함되는 절점들의 관계를 나타낸 자료를 이용하여 파이프에 문제가 생길 시 단수되는 절점을 역으로 검색해서 각 파이프의 노후도 평가 점수를 산술평균 하였다. 본 연구에서는 특정지점에 용수 공급이 원활하지 못 한 정상사상에 대하여 관로의 수리 또는 교체를 해야 하는 구간을 찾아 노후도 평가 점수를 산정하는 것이 목표이다. 이를 위해 특정 절점에 용수를 공급하기 위하여 지나가는 관로들에 대해서 평균 점수를 구함으로써, 절점에 용수가 원활히 공급 될 가능성을 산정하여 FTA와 관로 노후도 평가 점수를 이용하고 특정 절점에 용수를 공급하기 위하여 지나가는 관로들에 대해서 평균 점수를 산정하였다. 절점에서 용수를 공급하는 중요도에 따라 절점으로 이어지는 관로의 평균 노후도를 일정 점수 이하로 유지시키는 방법을 이용함으로써 관로의 유지관리 필요성에 대해 지표로써 사용할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.829-832
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• 2009

Recently, IT-centered convergence between different industries has undergone rapid expansion, accompanied by major advances in u-IT development and digital convergence. Notably, in the automotive-IT convergence sector, automotive sensors and electronic devices interact closely and intelligently with each other, thereby increasing driver safety and convenience and creating the optimal driving environment. This has led to the generation of value-added for the future-oriented automotive industry. Sensing technologies - which are used to monitor traffic situations and transmit correct information (or warnings) on the road traffic situation to car drivers, and to provide accurate information to road traffic controllers - represent both the birth of high-safety, intelligent automotive technologies and the key to automotive manufacturing. In view of these developments, this paper examines the characteristics and structure of the automotive sensor industry, and outlines the policy implications for the automotive sensor industry with regard to the development of the automotive-IT convergence industry.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1985

The main purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of the wall thickness, the ultrasonic frequency, and the acoustic impedance of wall material on the liquid-film thickness measurement by an ultrasonic pulse echo method. A series of liquid-film thickness measurements in a horizontal air-water stratified system was performed employing a plate-type and a tube-type test sections. Measurements were repeated changing (1) the wall thickness of the test section and (2) the transducer frequency. Also, in an effort to improve the accuracy of the measurement and to exam me the effect of acoustic impedance of wall material on the measurement by an ultrasonic technique, two different stand-off rods, one made of stainless steel and the other polyacrylate, were used in the liquid-film thickness measurement. These experimental results are discussed and compared with the actual film thicknesses.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.962-970
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• 2021

The cause of the majority of vehicle accidents is a safety issue due to the driver's inattention, such as drowsy driving. A forward collision warning system (FCWS) can significantly reduce the number and severity of accidents by detecting the risk of collision with vehicles in front and providing an advanced warning signal to the driver. This paper describes a low power embedded system based FCWS for safety. The algorithm computes time to collision (TTC) through detection, tracking, distance calculation for the vehicle ahead and current vehicle speed information with a single camera. Additionally, in order to operate in real time even in a low-performance embedded system, an optimization technique in the program with high and low levels will be introduced. The system has been tested through the driving video of the vehicle in the embedded system. As a result of using the optimization technique, the execution time was about 170 times faster than that when using the previous non-optimized process.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

The number of vehicle-to-barrier collisions has increased due to improved driving environments. In addition, it is reported that the number of accidents led to impact severity larger than current capacity of a median barrier has increased. It is required to develop a high performance median barrier in order to secure expressway safety. This paper aims at proposing impact loading model and locations for a high performance median barrier based on analysis of median-barrier-related accident history. The SB6 test level (Impact severity: 420 kJ, Mass: 25 ton, Impact speed: 80 km/h, Impact angle: $15^{\circ}$) was suggested for target impact severity based on statistical data analysis. The suitable locations also were proposed from investigation of driver behaviors for installation and rehabilitation of high performance median barrier.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.844-851
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• 2019

As wearable technology is becoming more common and a part of our lives, there have been many efforts to offer various smart services with wearable devices, such as motion recognition, safety of driving, and so on. In this paper, we present a method that exploits the 9-axis inertial sensors embedded in a smartwatch to identify whether the user is a vehicle driver or not and to estimate the steering wheel turning direction in the vehicle. The system consists of three components: (i) position recognition, (ii) driver recognition, and (iii) steering-wheel turning detection components. We have developed a prototype system for detecting user's motion with Arduino boards and IMU sensors. Our experiments show high accuracy in recognizing the driver and in estimating the wheel rotation angle. The average experimental error was $11.77^{\circ}$ which is small enough to perceiver the turning direction of steering-wheel.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.391-398
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• 2019

In general, truck-involved crashes increase severity in terms of both injury level and crash impact level. Recently, although the frequency and fatality of truck-involved crashes in Korea are rising, their associative studies are very limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify critical factors influencing on injury severity of truck-involved crashes on Korean freeway system. To carry out this objective, this study uses an ordered probit model (OPM) based on a 6-year crash dataset from 2012 to 2017. From the analysis, eight variables were found to have a great effect on injury severity: older driver, crash speed, rear-end collision, number of vehicles involved, drowsy driving, nighttime (0:00 to 6:00) driving, overturn or rollover, and vehicle's fire after crash. However, injury severity was less severe in crashes under snowy condition and crashes to traffic facilities (i.e., crash alone).