• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2021

Purpose: To profile various clinical characteristics of sleep bruxism (SB) patients with idiopathic facial pain (IFP) in the orofacial region. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 28 SB patients among 210 patients with IFP complaints. The profiles were evaluated using patient charts including gender, age, pain duration, pain location, pain intensity and affected areas by pain. Results: SB with IFP occurred more often in females (85.7%) than males (14.3%). The mean age at presentation was 48.9 years. The most common IFP sites of SB patients were the right maxilla (28.6%) and the right mandible (25.0%). The pain complaints occurred mostly in 2 teeth or areas (50.0%), followed by 1 area (28.6%) and then in ≥ 3 teeth or areas (21.4%). The mean pain intensity was 5.9 on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10. The pain was spontaneous in 20 patients (71.4%), and the mean pain duration was 24.4 months. Conclusion: Identification of clinical characteristics of SB patients with IFP could be useful in the diagnosis of various IFP patients and beneficial in decreasing unnecessary care to reduce IFP. Further studies with larger number of subjects and extended duration are required for more systemized diagnostic methods and development of future treatment guidelines.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2010

MyoFascial Pain Syndrome(MFPS) is defined as a regional pain syndrome characterized by muscle pain caused by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Myofascial pain is a common cause of persistent regional pain such as neck pain, shoulder pain, headaches, and orofacial pain. Clinicians who deal with orofacial pain must also understand the role of myofascial pain. This case report presents the treatment of botulinum toxin A for chronic myofascial pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2009

As Pain is a comprehensive, biopsy chosocial phenomenon, improved understanding and successful management of pain need assessment of health-related quality of life and psychological states. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain severity and pain-related interference to daily lives for patients with non-dental, orofacial pain(OFP) and a possible relation of OFP with psychological morbidity. Relation with such factors as gender, age, pain duration and diagnosis was also assessed. Inclusion criteria was all new patients with non-dental OFP attending the oral medicine.orofacial pain clinic of Dankook University Dental Hospital over 3 months' period, who completed the questionnaires of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Prior to the first consultation, the patients were asked to fill out the questionnaire in the waiting room and were diagnosed through consultation and clinical examination. Total subjects were 163 with M:F ratio of 1:1.5 and mean age of 34.6${\pm}$17.7 years. Mean duration of pain was 13.3${\pm}$26.2 months and all patients were divided into; Trigeminal Neuralgia group (TN, N=8), Neuropathic Pain group (NeP, N=9), Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain group (PIFP, N=8), and Temporomandibular Disorders group (TMD, N=138), subdivided into muscle problem (TMD-m, N=73), joint problem (TMD-j, N=24) and muscle-joint combined problem (TMD-c, N=41). OFP patients showed moderate pain severity and moderate pain-related interference. There was no gender difference in overall pain severity and interference and levels of anxiety and depression. Elderly patients aged ${\geq}$ 60 years showed higher pain severity (p<0.05). Patients with chronic pain ${\geq}$ 3 months reported more increased level of anxiety and depression than those with acute pain (p<0.05). Compared to TMD patients, patients with TN, NeP and PIFP suffered from higher level of pain and pain-related interference and reported higher level of anxiety and depression (p<0.05). Pain interference was closely correlated with their pain severity and with psychometric properties such as anxiety and depression. Pain severity was weakly correlated with levels of anxiety and depression. The results suggest a need for psychosocial assessment and support for successful management of OFP in addition to control of pain itself.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

This paper studies natural head position and orofacial pain. For this study. 27 persons with dental service were selected, we examine head & neck pain, factor affecting pain severity, stress, stressful facial symptom with questionarre and interview. We have photograph for natural head position in front of 5cm posture scale pate. Data obtained were statistically processed by the SPSS Windows program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. There were significant difference from plum line to acromion line, from plum line to tragus line, eye- tragus angle, SCM angle. 2. Between group with head and neck pain and group without head and neck pain, the study shows no significant difference on average NHP measurement and NHP amount. 3. Between group with head and neck pain and group without head and neck pain, the study shows no significant difference on SRRS. 4. In this paper we indicate more stressful symptom in group with head and neck pain than group without head and neck pain. 5. There have no difference in head and neck pain level according to hobby.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.397-407
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• 2009

The aim of the study was to evaluate psychosocial impact of non-dental chronic orofacial pain (OFP) on daily living using the graded chronic pain (GCP) scale. It is also investigated the clinical profile such as demographics, event related to initiation of OFP and prior treatments for patients. During previous 6 months since September 2008, 572 patients (M:F=1:1.5, mean age=34.7 years) with non-dental OFP attended university-based specialist orofacial pain clinic (Dankook University Dental Hospital, Cheonan) to seek care although 63% of them already experienced related treatment for their OFP problem. They visited the most frequently general dental practitioner and orthopedic doctors due to their pain problem and medication was the most commonly employed modality. Most of the patients (89.2%) had TMD and the most common related event to initiation of their pain was trauma, followed by dental treatment. Almost half of the patients (46%) suffered from chronic pain(${\geq}6\;M$) and 40% of them exhibited relatively high disability due to chronic OFP. GCP pain intensity and disability days were significantly different for age and diagnosis (p<0.05) but not for gender and duration. GCP grades were affected by all the factors including gender, age, pain duration and diagnosis.(p=0.000) Female gender, elders, and long lasting pain were closely related to high disability. The patients with neuropathic Pain and mixed OFP rather than TMD were graded as being highly disabled. Conclusively, a considerable percentage of chronic OFP patients reports high pain-related disability in their daily, social and work activity, which suggest a need for psychosocial support and importance of earlier referral for appropriate diagnosis and tailored management.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 2005

This study have been compared and analyzed voice parameter under the condition of normal voice and auditory condition(noise and music) for 29 patients of orofacial pain and 31 normal people to investigate voice feature and vocal variation for auditory condition of orofacial pain patient. 1. Compared to normal voice, orofacial pain patient showed lower and unstable voice feature which has low F0 rate and high jitter and shimmer rate. 2. Voice of orofacial pain patient showed more relaxed and stable voice feature with low F0 and shimmer rate in the music condition than noise condition. 3. Normal people's voice has no significant difference between music and noise condition even though it has high F0 rate under the noise condition. As a result, orofacial pain patient showed difference of feature and different response for external auditory condition compared to normal voice. Providing of positive emotional environment such as music could be considered for better outcome of oral facial pain patient's functional disability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5594-5601
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of Samultang by measuring the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in formalin-induced orofacial pain. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects were measured by western blot analysis for p38 MAPK(Mitogen-activated protein kinases), iNOS(induceble nitric oxide synthase) and NOX4(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate4) in a rat's brain and medulla oblongata. Samultang significantly attenuated the increased formalin-induced nociceptive response and inhibited the p38 MAPK and iNOS that led to inflammatory pain. In addition, this study indicated that Samultang possess antioxidative effects through the blockade of NOX4. These findings suggest that Samultang plays an important role in the peripheral processing of inflammatory pain in the orofacial area.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.251-254
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• 1993

Hemifacial spasm is a distressing condition characterized by involuntary, intermittent, unilateral twitching of all or parts of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. This occurrence is most common in middle-aged women. Because etiology of idiopathic hemifacial spasm has remained undefined, no causative agent nor reliable treatment has been established. This report describes a case of CT guided chemical facial nerve block for the treatment of hemifacial spasm. An injection of small amount(0.1 ml) of alcohol(95%) provided relief of the facial spasms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5088-5094
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• 2014

Hovenia dulcis extract (HDE) has positive effects on alcohol degradation, recovery of liver damage and antioxidant activities. This study examined whether HDE exerts an ameliorative effect on inflammatory orifacial pain in an animal algesic model with formalin. The animals (rats) were divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (right facial subcutaneous injection of 5% formalin, inflammatory orifacial pain group), group III (5% formalin + distilled water administration), and group IV injection (5% formalin + 4.5 ml/kg of HDE), respectively. The scores from the scratch and effleurage tests were applied to evaluate the differences between three groups. The expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 in the brain and medulla oblongata, which are involved in pain regulation, inflammation, antioxidation and nitric oxide production, were analyzed by western blot. The degree of orifacial pain was significantly lower in group IV than in groups I, II and, III. The expression of p38MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2 in the brain and medulla were also lower in group IV than in the other groups. These findings suggested that a Hovenia dulcis extract can attenuate inflammatory orifacial pain by suppressing the expression of p38 MAPK, iNOS and Nrf2.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate about sleep quality and orofacial pain pattern between experimental and control group. 101 subjects with temporomandibular disorders without any psychologic and neurologic problem were selected from the patients presented to Wonkwang University dental hospital. Routine clinical examination for TMD was carried out, especially for the frequency of headache and the craniocervical muscles were also done by the author in the first visit. All the subjects filled out the questionnaires, that was, for the evaluation of sleep quality using Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), and for the analysis of behavioral pain scale questionnaires. Data obtained were statistically processed by the SPSS Windows program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. Subjective sleep index, sleep latency, sleep disturbance, global score in control group were significantly lower than 2. Subjective sleep index, sleep disturbance, global score in subject with headache were significantly lower than subject without headache(P<0.05). 3. Medicine taker have sleeping drug. Caffeine drinkers was significantly higher in daytime dysfunction, global score than no drinker. 4. It have more frequent head and neck pain, pain spreading, daily life difficult in poor sleeper than good sleeper.