• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.283-284
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• 2003

환원황 성분들은 사람들이 일상적으로 생활하는 환경권역에서 고농도 (ppb 수준 이상)로 존재할 경우, 악취의 주요원인물질로 작용한다는 점에서 상당한 주목을 받고 있다. 국내의 경우, 환경부에서는 이미 '92년 8월 대기환경보전 법을 개정하여, 황화수소를 위시한 4개의 황화합물과 트리메틸아민, 암모니아, 아세트알데히드, 스티렌을 포함하는 총 8개 화합물을 악취물질로 지정하여 관리하고 있다. 이러한 황화합물을 분석하는데 spectrophotometry, polarography, fluorescence, coulometry, impregnated filter 방식 등이 활용되고 있다 (Blank et al., 1978). (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.175-176
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• 2001

악취는 대기오염의 한 형태이며, 대개는 신체적 장해가 나타나기 이하의 농도에서 피해가 두드러지는 것으로 대기오염의 전구적 현상이라고도 할 수 있다. 현재 알려져 있는 화합물은 약 200만 가지로, 그 중에 약 40만종이 냄새가 있다고 한다. 냄새는 후각을 화학적으로 자극하여 원거리 정보를 전달하는 매체로, 후각은 냄새의 질과 세기를 종합적 혹은 분석적으로 식별하는 역할을 맡고 있다고 할 수 있다. 냄새 물질은 여러 가지 특성을 갖는데, 대부분의 악취는 특정한 몇 가지 냄새나는 물질에 의한 것이 아니라, 많은 물질을 포함하는 다성분계이다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.541-548
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate emission characteristics of odorous compounds from the pneumatic waste collection plants (namely, A and B sites). The air samples were collected from each site, at a carrier gas inside the plant and an exhaust gas, to analyze complex odor and 22 odorous compounds. Ammonia, sulfur compounds, and acetaldehyde were the critical odorous components generated in the plants studied. Characteristics of odor at exhaust outlet varied according to the type of odor control engineering. In the analysis of the odor contribution degree of odor components based on odor threshold, site A shows that the odor contribution of dimethyl sulfide was found to be 26%, acetaldehyde 18%, and methyl mercaptan 14%. For site B, methyl mercaptan was 56% and both hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide were 15%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2013

In this study, both transient behaviors of a biofilter system with improved design and a conventional biofilter were observed to perform the treatment of waste air containing malodor and volatile organic compound (VOC). Their behaviors of removal efficiency and treated concentration of malodor and VOC were compared each other. During 1st~7th stages of improved biofilter system operation it was observed that the order of treated ethanol concentration at each sampling port was switched due to the difference of microbe-population-distribution in spite of the difference of biofilter effective height. However, at 8th stage of its operation, the order of treated ethanol concentration at each sampling port was consistent to the order of biofilter effective height at each sampling port. The same was applied to the case of hydrogen sulfide, even though the difference of switched treated-hydrogen sulfide-concentrations was less than that of switched treated-ethanol-concentrations. The ethanol-removal efficiency of the biofilter system with improved design was ca. 96%, which was greater by 2% than that of the conventional biofilter. The transient behavior of treated hydrogen sulfide concentration of both biofilters were similar to each other. However, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide treated by the biofilter system with improved design was observed lower than that by the conventional biofilter. The hydrogen sulfide-removal efficiency of the biofilter system with improved design was higher by ca. 2% than that of the conventional biofilter. Therefore, the hydrogen sulfide-removal efficiency of the biofilter system with improved design was observed to be enhanced by the same as its ethanol-removal efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.1006-1012
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• 2008

The effect of small and medium scale shipyard operations on environmental pollutions related with civil appeal of nearby residential areas was estimated. PM-10(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 $\mu$m) concentrations were higher, as the sampling sites were nearer from shipyards. PM-10 concentrations of sampling sites closer to shipbuilding companies were higher during the normal operation periods than on vacation at which only small works were done. The larger amount of dry deposition was observed as the sampling sites were closer to shipyards. The odor intensity was highly influenced by ambient temperature. Almost all odor intensities measured by air dilution sensory test went over the emission standard in summer. Odor properties measured by instrumental analysis were observed to exceed the emission standard enforced to the shipyards. Odor compounds such as ammonia, sulfur compounds and trimethylamine went over the standard. Concentrations of styrene and aldehydes were lower than the olfactory threshold. All equivalent sound levels measured at daytime except the value of SP-3 pont were in excess of the environmental standard. Almost all sound levels at nighttime in all measuring sites were higher than the environmental standard. The results of this study shows counterplans need to be established for reducing the civil appeal related pollutions in the research areas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6602-6609
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• 2013

This study is expected to provide background data for establishing mitigation measures for malodor and for comparing complex odor criteria. The impact of malodor at the afflicted locations was analyzed using Industrial Source Complex Short Term 3 (ISCST3) model, which was recommended by the EPA. The Odor Emission Rates (ODR) for piglets and hogs were predicted based on the average, minimum, and maximum emission rates as classification. The forecasting result of the complex odor modelling of pigsty showed that tolerance limit was exceeded at an adjacent administration building, but tolerance limit was not surpassed at an afflicted location which was within 185m from the pigsty. The ISCST3 modelling of the satisfactory ODR for tolerance limit was accomplished at the administration building. From the prediction of this modelling, maximum emission rates based on 1hr at administration building were 10.59~52.93, 19.05~31.76, and 10.59 $OU/m^3/s/m^2$ at emission rates of 50%, 30%, and 10%. This emission rate was slightly higher than the tolerance limit of 10.00 $OU/m^3/s/m^2$. However, it was inferred that the tolerance limit could be satisfied if the emission rate of 10% was controlled.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.453-466
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• 2006

To comply with stricter regulations provoked by increasing odor nuisance, it is imperative to practice effective odor control for sustainable livestock production. This study was conducted to assess odor and odorous compounds emitted from liquid animal manure with different treatment methods such as Fresh Manure(without treatment, FM), Anaerobic Digestion(AD) and Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion(TAD) and their application to soil. Air samples were collected at the headspace of liquid manure, upland and paddy soil, and analyzed for odor intensity and offensiveness using an olfactometry; odor concentration index using odor analyser; nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia(NH3) using fluorescence method; and sulfur containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide(H2S), methyl mercaptan(MeSH), dimethyl sulfide(DMS) and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) using gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detector, respectively. Odor intensity, offensiveness and concentration index from TAD liquid manure was statistically lower than those from FM and AD(p<0.01). Mean concentrations of H2S, MeSH, DMS, DMDS and NH3 were 65.93ppb, 18.55ppb, 5.26ppb, 0.33ppb and 10.57ppm for liquid manure with AD; and 5.15ppb, 0.97ppb, 0.80ppb, 0.56ppb and 1.34ppm for liquid manure with TAD, respectively. More than 60% of malodorous compounds related to nitrogen and sulfur were removed by heterotrophic microorganisms during TAD treatment. When liquid manure was applied onto upland and paddy soil, NH3 removal efficiencies ranged from 51 to 94% and 22 to 91% for AD and TAD liquid manure, respectively. The above results show that liquid manure with TAD is superior to AD and FM with respect to the odor reduction and odor problem caused by land applied liquid manure is directly related to the degree of odor generated by the manure treatment method.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2009

Civil appeals on odor from swine barn have been increasing. This study was conducted to compile basic data of odor from swine barns as civil appeals on odor have been increasing. Odor was monitored from two gestating sow barns and the boundary of those barns in Suwon and Hwaseong city from June to November, 2008. Mean ammonia concentration measured at the boundary of A piggery in Suwon city was 0.9 ppm with occasional breaks of permissible limit (1.0 ppm). Mean concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were 0.37 ppb and 0.01 ppb, which were lower than permissible limits of 20 ppb and 2 ppb, respectively. Mean ammonia concentration was 3.22 ppm and was maintained under 5.0 ppb. Ammonia concentration had increased since November when the barns were closed. Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were lower than the permissible limits. Mean ammonia concentration measured at the boundary of B piggery in Hwaseong city was 16.3 ppm and steep increase of concentration was monitored after October when the barn was sealed up. Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were 26.66 ppb and 7.45 ppb, respectively. In appropriate ventilation and raising environment would cause high ammonia concentration in swine barns. Emitted ammonia from barns and composting facilities were mixed, which would cause higher ammonia concentration on the boundary of barns. Hence improvement of raising environment, rapid manure treatment, and correct use of microbial preparation would be needed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.493-504
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• 2021

The target site, Goejeongcheon flows through downtown of Saha-gu, Busan and it connects to the Nakdong-gang estuary. But non-point pollutants and sewage sludge are partially flowing into the stream and deposited. As a result, dissolved oxygen concentrations of the stream were observed close to the anaerobic condition. Multistage Vortex Aerator was applied for restoring this urban stream. It dissolves oxygen by repeatedly causing collisions between water and oxygen by vortex flow. The changes in water quality and odor were monitored for 2 months while circulating 1 m³/min of water with 22 ppm dissolved oxygen. As a result of the operation, the dissolved oxygen was improved from slightly Bad (4)~Bad (5) to Good (1b)~Normal (3) grade, and the total phosphorus concentration was decreased by 76 % on average. In the case of complex odor, a maximum reduction of 84.5 % was observed on the day the entire river was anaerobic. Through this study, we evaluated the feasibility of applying pure oxygen and Vortex Aerator for the the stream restoration. It is expected that the results of this study can be used for full-scale design.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.439-444
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• 2012

We studied the characteristics of odor emitted from 40 swine facilities across the country under various conditions like rearing densities, management style, ventilation system and swine manure handling characteristics, based on the olfactory and analytical evaluation. Odor concentrations (D/T) measured from swine facilities were respectively an average 4,055 D/T at liquid manure storage tanks on aeration, an average 913 D/T at slurry manure storage, an average 506 D/T at finishing swine facilities and an average 201 D/T at composting facilities. The higher rearing densities and slurry accumulation volume in finishing swine house, the more odor concentration (D/T) was increased. But The odor concentration (D/T) in finishing swine house did not show significant difference according to application of microbial additives. 9 odor compounds ($NH_3$, $H_2S$, MM, DMS, DMDS, PA, n-BA, n-VA, i-VA) were detected at swine facilities and the main odor compounds were volatile sulfur compounds such as $H_2S$, MM and volatile fatty acids compounds such as n-BA, n-VA, i-VA. 97.5% of swine farms surveyed in this study is located within 300 m of residential area and it is easy to bring odor complaints.