• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to update nursing practice guidelines for intravenous infusion published in 2017. Methods: The guideline update process was carried out using 22 steps developed by NICE and SIGN. It was agreed to update domains related to central venous infusion therapy. Contents related to peripheral infusion would be updated later. Results: Updated guidelines for central venous infusion therapy consisted of 6 domains and 195 recommendations. The number of recommendations by domain was 11 for general instruction, 14 for central vascular access devices (CVAD) and add-on devices, 13 for nursing management before insertion of CVAD, 30 for management during insertion of CVAD, 51 for management after insertion of CVAD, and 76 for complications. A grade was 29 (14.9%), B grade was 87 (44.6%), and C grade was 79 (40.5%) in the strength of recommendations. A total of 37 (19.0%) recommendations were newly developed and 23 (12.3%) previous recommendations have been modified. The newly developed recommendations were mainly related to the infection control methods. Conclusion: The updated guideline is focused on safe maintenance of central venous infusion therapy. Through this guideline, it is hoped to minimize the occurrence of complications and improve the standardization and efficiency of nursing practice.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2023

Acne is one of the most common skin diseases, mainly occurring in adolescence. The pathophysiology of acne involves not only hormonal, genetic and environmental factors, but also other factors including hyperseborrhea, inflammation, over-keratinization of follicular keratinocytes and overgrowth of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Cannabidiol (CBD) is known to relieve pain, stress and inflammation. Moreover, cannabis extracts containing CBD have been reported to be effective in treating acne. However, the therapeutic effect of CBD on acne remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of CBD on lipogenesis in SEB-1 sebocytes. We treated sebocytes with CBD and found that it not only inhibited lipid synthesis, but also inhibited cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. We then demonstrated that sterol response element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) mediates the inhibitory effect of CBD on lipogenesis. Furthermore, Akt and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), upstream regulators of SREBP-1, were regulated by CBD treatment. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that CBD inhibits adipogenesis by regulating the Akt/AMPK-SREBP-1 signaling pathway, providing potential for use as a therapeutic agent for acne. Further research is needed to confirm the effect of CBD on inflammation caused by hyperkeratosis, which will increase the possibility of using CBD for acne treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2018

Background: A massive blood transfusion (MT) requires significant efforts by the Blood Bank. This study examined blood product use in MT and emergency O Rh Positive red cells (O RBCs) available directly for emergency patients from the Trauma Center in Ajou University Hospital. Methods: MT was defined as a transfusion of 10 or more RBCs within 24 hours. The extracted data for the total RBCs, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets (PLTs, single donor platelets (SDP) and random platelet concentrates (PC)) issued from Blood Bank between March 2016 and November 2017 from Hospital Information System were reviewed. SDP was considered equivalent to 6 units of PC. Results: A total of 345 MTs, and 6233/53268 (11.7%) RBCs, 4717/19376 (24.3%) FFP, and 4473/94166 (4.8%) PLTs were used in MT (P<0.001). For the RBC products in MT and non-MT transfusions, 28.0% and 34.1% were group A; 27.1% and 26.0% were group B; 37.3% and 29.7% were group O, and 7.5% and 10.2% were group AB (P<0.001). The ratios of RBC:FFP:PLT use were 1:0.76:0.72 in MT and 1:0.31:1.91 in non-MT (P<0.001). A total of 461 O RBCs were used in 36.2% (125/345) of MT cases and the number of O RBCs transfused per patient ranged from 1 to 18. Conclusion: RBCs with the O blood group are most used for MT. Ongoing education of clinicians to minimize the overuse of emergency O RBCs in MT is required. A procedure to have thawed plasma readily available in MT appears to be of importance because FFP was used frequently in MT.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to find an optimized imaging technique and evaluate its usefulness by comparing and analyzing the difference in contrast enhancement of lower extremity artery according to the patient's heart rate during lower extremity Computed Tomography Angiography examination. From January 2022 to August 22nd, 139 outpatients who visited Ajou University Hospital and underwent lower extremity angio CT examination were targeted. According to the heart rate, the groups were divided into four groups: A(HR ≤65), B(65 < HR < 80), C(80≤ HR). In addition, among patients with a heart rate of 65 or less, the heart rate was considered, and the scan was divided into D, E, F group with a delay time. The time of arrival of contrast medium and the average value of contrast enhancement were compared and analyzed. As a result of quantitative evaluation, B and C groups with a heart rate of more than 65 times had better HU values in the popliteal artery than A group (HR ≤ 65), and D group showed better HU improvement effects compared to A group (p<0.001). The comparative analysis with other groups was insignificant. The difference in heart rate affected the angiographic intensity of the lower extremities artery. Therefore, it is effective to apply the appropriate test timing for each patient by using the heart rate during the lower extremity angio CT Scan.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.245-258
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• 2010

Smoking has been identified not as a major risk factor for circulatory and respiratory diseases but also as causes of various oral diseases. A number of clinical studies and regional health surveys have found an association between smoking and poor oral health status and between smoking and prognosis of dental treatments. However, there is few studies about status of smoking cessation treatment and policies in dentistry in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the smoking patterns of outpatients and outcomes of short-term smoking cessation treatment in dental hospitals in Korea and, subsequently, to seek further smoking cessation services in dentistry. This study was sponsored by Korean Dental Association (KDA) and department of culture and welfare. 825 dental patients were voluntarily participated in a 4-week smoking cessation program with nicotine patch and 297 participants of them completed on smoking-related questionnaires. All participants were recruited from outpatients of 11 dental university hospitals (primarily in the department of oral medicine, oral surgery and periodontology) in Korea during 3-month period from October 2009 to January 2010. The Questionnaires included demographics, duration of smoking, heavy smoking index (HSI), number of thinking of quit smoking, duration of stop smoking and reasons to smoking, awareness of smoking effects on oral health, and their success rate after 4 weeks of nicotine patch program was investigated. The statistical analysis was carried by SPSS version 18.0 program and Chi-square test. According to the results of this study, male in their 30s to 50s were the most prevalent of all the participants and duration of smoking increased with age. Attempt rate to quit smoking (Quit smoking) was the highest in 30s and 40s with duration of quit smoking ranging 1 to 3 months. Emotional stresswas the most frequently reported reason for smoking, followed by habit and pleasure in order. All age group showed high HIS over 71% and awareness of smoking effects on oral diseases such as oral soft tissue diseases, periodontal diseases and dental caries was found relatively high (50~60%) Periodontal implant was the main reason for participation in the smoking cessation services in dental clinics and the success rate of, 4-week nicotine patch program of all the participants was 29.4%, extremely low compared to that of medical clinics. Systemic education for dentists to be able to provide interventions to quit smoking including counseling with the 5As'and development of available measures for smokers is needed as considered that the low success rate of the smoking cessation services in dentistry could be explained mainly by lack of dentists' strategies, experience and attention. Awareness and attention of dentists should be emphasized and their participation be encouraged by long-term, multidisciplinary policies such as establishment of insurance fee, which would made a considerable progress in preventing smoking-related oral diseases and promoting public oral health.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.145-151
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• 1997

An unusual young fruit rot of apple caused by two species of Phytophthora was epidemic from late May to early July of 1996 in Andong, Uisung and Chungwon areas of Korea. The disease spread to over 30 apple orchards in the areas and percent of the infected tree and fruit was ca. 10~90% and 1`15%, respectively. Water soaking lesions or spots on leaves and shoot blight were also developed by the pathogen. Among 39 isolates collected, 25 were identified as P. cactorum and the others were as zp. cambivora on the basis of their distinctive morphological characters. While the former fungus was homothallic, all isolates of the latter were A1 mating types. Koch's postulate was fulfilled. Both fungi showed strong pathogenicity not only to young fruits, leaves and shoots of apple but also to those of pear and peach. Several vegetables tested did not show symptoms even by wound inoculation. An Occurrence of young fruit rot of apple caused by Phytophthora has not been reported in Korea, especially, P. cambivora has not been recorded previously as the causal agent of the disease in the world.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.123-135
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• 2017

In recent mobile health care service, health management using number of steps is becoming popular. In addition, a variety of activity trackers have made it possible to measure the number of steps more accurately and easily. Nevertheless, the activity tracker is not popularized, and it is a trend to use the pedometer sensor of the smartphone as an alternative. In this study, we tried to find out how much the number of steps collected by the smartphone versus the actual number of steps in actual situations, and what factors make the difference. We conducted an experiment to collect number of steps data of 21 people using the smartphone and wearable device simultaneously for 7 days. As a result, we found that the average number of steps of the smartphone is 62% compared to the actual number of steps, and that there is a large variation among users. We derived a regression model in which the accuracy of smartphone increases with the degree of awareness of smartphone. We expect that this can be used as a factor to correct the difference from the actual number of steps in the smartphone alone healthcare service.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.32-35
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• 2016

Purpose The goal for this study is to figure out that medical staff except Nuclear Medicine Department could be exposed to radiation from the patients who take Nuclear Medicine examination. Materials and Methods Total 250 patients (Bone scan 100, Myocardial SPECT 100, PET/CT 50) were involved from July to October in 2015, and we measured patient dose rate two times for every patients. First, we checked radiation dose rate right after injecting an isotope (radiopharmaceutical). Secondly, we measured radiation dose rate after each examination. Results In the case of Bone scan, dose rate were $0.0278{\pm}0.0036mSv/h$ after injection and $0.0060{\pm}0.0018mSv/h$ after examination (3 hrs 52 minutes after injection on average). For Myocardial SPECT, dose rate were $0.0245{\pm}0.0027mSv/h$ after injection and $0.0123{\pm}0.0041mSv/h$ after examination (2 hrs 09 minutes after injection on average). Lastly, for PET/CT, dose rate were $0.0439{\pm}0.0087mSv/h$ after examination (68 minutes after injection on average). Conclusion Compared to Nuclear Safety Commission Act, there was no significant harmful effect of the exposure from patients who have been administered radiopharmaceuticals. However, we should strive to keep ALARA(as low as reasonably achievable) principle for radiation protection.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2000

To assess the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in general hospital nurses, 276 nurses at four hospital in Kyungju city and Pohang city were observed during the study period 20 December 1998 to 29 December 1998. The nurses measuring the blood pressure of simulated patient's were checked by the researcher or 20 items, that are recommended for consideration when doing a blood pressure measurement. Of the six items in the preparation step for measuring blood pressure, the accuracy of 'patients shouldn't talk during the procedure' had the lowest frequency(27.1%) and the other five items were above 80%. Of the ten items on blood pressure measuring technique, the accuracy of the frequency for 'inflating the cuff until the radial or brachial artery pulse is no longer palpable and then adding 30mmHg' was 0%, 'waiting $30{\sim}60$ seconds before reinflating the cuff' was alse 0%, 'rapidly deflating the cuff', 0.3%, 'rapidly and steadily inflating the cuff to the maximal level as per above-mentioned initial systolic pressure assessment step', 0.7%, 'reading the pressure to the nearest 2mmHg mark on the manometer', 10.8%, the remaining items were above 70%. Of the four items on blood pressure recording, the accuracy of 'recording the cuff size' had a frequency of 0.3%, 'recording the patient's position such as sitting, standing or lying position', 10.8%, 'recording the arm or leg which was used for measuring the blood pressure', 53.6%, and 'recording systolic/diastolic pressure', 100%. The variables significantly related to the accuracy of the blood pressure measurement were age, career position at hospital, and qualification education for blood pressure measurement(p<0.01). In the multiple regression analysis, position and qualification education were significant variables(p<0.01). In conclusion, the accuracy of blood pressure measurement was very low, thus, qualification education for blood pressure measurement should be done immediately to improve the accuracy of measurement by nurses in general hospitals.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2008

Purpose : Intrarenal reflux(IRR) is backflow of urine from the renal pelvis into the collecting ducts. IRR is the main cause of renal injury in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) which leads to renal scars, hypertension, proteinuria, and chronic renal failure. The purpose of our study was to investigate the characteristics of intrarenal reflux. Method : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 80 patients who were diagnosed as having grades of III-V VUR from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 in the department of pediatrics in Ajou University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of IRR on voiding cystoureterogram and compared to each other for the possible factors associated with intrarenal reflux. Results : Among 80 VUR patients, IRR(＋) group comprised 17(21.3%) patients and 27 renal units(23.2%) and revealed younger age, higher grade of VUR, and more proteinuria compared to IRR(-) group. There were no significant difference in gender, laboratory findings and the rate of resolution in VUR or defects on renal scan between two groups. Also, intrarenal reflux mostly corresponded to the same site of photon defects on DMSA scan. Conclusion : We suggest that intrarenal reflux tends to be associated with younger age, higher grade of reflux, more proteinuria with no difference in resolution rate of VUR when compared to the VUR patients without IRR. From this study, we were able to understand the characteristics of intrarenal reflux in children with urinary tract infection.