• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.478-485
• /
• 2013

Fish field survey, especially fish distribution and their ecological characteristics, was performed in the downstream region of Gyeongan stream during the period of before (June) and after (October) the summer monsoon in 2010. Depending on the characteristics of each site, fyke net or casting net was used for fish sampling. Feeding classification was determined by the analysis of stomach contents. Total number of family and species sampled were 5 and 17, respectively. The dominant family was Cyprinidae (12 species), and relative abundance (RA) of the most dominant species, Lepomis macrochirus and Zacco platypus, was 38% and 24%, respectively. Exotic species and Korean endemic species observed were 3 (423 individuals, RA 44%) and 4 (98 individuals, RA 10%), respectively. Tolerance guild analysis as characteristics of ecological indicators revealed an undoubtedly high percentage (97%), compared to others as reflected by the identification of just one sensitive species. Analysis of trophic guilds showed that L. macrochirus dominated among insectivores (44% RA). The food of L. macrochirus composed of, aquatic insects, benthic invertebrates, zooplankton, Chironomidae, and waterweed. Thus, we determined that L. macrochirus could be classified as insectivores (partially carnivores) in this study. Conversely, Z. platypus consumed Cladocera exclusively, greater than 90% of their feed. We presume that stable isotope analysis would identify the exact position of these species in the food web.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.47 no.spc
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2014

The fish community and upstream of glass eels (Anguilla japonica) in the Imjin River estuary Gyeonggi-do, Korea was investigated from 2008 to 2012. During the surveyed period 43 species belonging to 18 families were collected. Korean endemic species was Microphysogobio jeoni which showed a ration of 0.04% in collected species. Exotic fishes were Carassius cuvieri and Ctenophayngodon idellus, and comprised 0.06% of the total individual number. Among the fish species observed, 17 species of the freshwater fish (40.5%), 6 species of migration fish (14.2%), 8 species of the brackish water fish (19.1%) and 11 species of sea water fish (26.1%). In terms of composition ration, Anguilla japonica (glass eels, 49.8%), Coilia ectens (23.3%), Saurogobio dabryi (8.1%), Repomucenus olidus (3.3%), Lateolabrax maculata (2.9%) and Chelon haematocheilus (2.8%) were found to display high individual number. On the other hand, C. ectens (33.6%), C. haematocheilus (14.2%), Cyprinus carpio (10.5%), Mugil cephalus (9.1%) and S. dabryi (7.6%) were dominated of biomass. The dominant species of individual was A. japonica (glass eels), and subdomint species included C. ectens. The fish biomass catched of fisherman in the Imjin River (Paju-si) were 83.6~240.3 t by each year. The year 2011 and 2012 were decreased rapidly. Among these, M. cephalus (48.0~80.0%), C. carpio (6.7%), Carassius auratus (4.9%), Silurus asotus (3.9%), Takifugu obscurus (2.5%), Anguilla japonica (adult, 2.2%) and Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (2.1%) dominated of biomass. Body weight of glass eels at each year were 0.03~ 1.13 t, average 212.0 kg and 1,325,000 individual by 0.16 g each one individual.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.47 no.spc
• /
• pp.100-115
• /
• 2014

For this study, we collected fishes of seven times at the 51 sites by stream orders (2-6) from November 2007 to September 2010. In the results, 55 species belonging 12 families were collected. And there were one species (1.8%) of Natural monument, 6 species (10.9%) of endangered and 22 species (40.0%) of Korea endemic. Dominant species was Zacco koreanus and subdominant species was Zacco platypus in whole. Stream orders (2-6) increased with increasing species, diversity (H'), evenness (EI), richness (RI), tolerant (TS), omnivore (OS) and decreasing individual, dominance (DI), sensitive (SS) insectivore (IS), total IBI score. Principal component analysis results showed location of variable (species, individual, community index, relative abundance of tolerant, sensitive, omnivore, insectivore species) and each site changes in upstream and down-stream changes in their distribution. Correlation analysis showed significant differences between stream orders (2-6) and variable (species: Sp, diversity index: H', omnivore species: OS, stream depth: SD, stream width: SW and water temperature: WT).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.684-693
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze fish communities in the Wonju stream located in Wonju-si in Gangwon-do, and to evaluate the health of the stream through past and present changes. We performed investigations four times from May 2015 to September 2016. In the survey, 5,201 individuals which belonged to 27 species and 9 families were collected. Zacco platypus was the dominant species and Pungtungia herziwas the subdominant species. Eight Korean endemic species (Acanthorhodeus gracilis, Zacco koreanus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Iksookimia koreensis, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Coreoperca herzi) were observed and showed a ratio of 16.54%. The fish community of dominance ($0.72{\pm}0.10$), diversity ($1.37{\pm}0.32$), evenness ($0.61{\pm}0.13$), and richness ($1.70{\pm}0.23$) were evaluated. According to our analysis of tolerance guilds, the total individual number of intermediate species was higher than the sensitive and tolerant species. As a result of the trophic guild analysis,the omnivore and insectivore species were relatively high. The value of the qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) in the wonju stream was averaged 121.2 (${\pm}23.4$), indicating a suboptimal condition. Stream health showed that the fish assessment index (FAI) value was an A to C grade in the Wonju stream. A correlation coefficient analysis with FAI and various factors was analysed statistically, and had a high correlation in QHEI, with the omnivore species, insectivore species, intermediate species, sensitive species, dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.322-329
• /
• 2018

In this study the community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates distributed in stream of Gaya Mountain were figured out and the correlation with the physicochemical water quality factors were calculated. During the study period, total 4 phyla, 6 classes, 13 orders, 36 families, 100 species of benthic macroinvertebrates were recorded. Ephemeroptera were the most dominant followed by Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Diptera, Non-insecta, Hemiptera, and Odonata. The overall dominant species was Cincticostella levanidovae by dominance rate in 17.72%, subdominant species was Hydatophylax nigrovittatus by dominance rate in 6.15%. The biotic indices showed the diversity index 5.17, richness index 12.44, dominant index 0.24 and evenness index 0.78, there is no absolutely dominant benthic macroinvertebrates in the stream of Gaya Mountain. We identified the correlation between the species number and individuals of main taxa and the physicochemical water quality factors. Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera showed a negative correlation with water temperature, but they represented a positive correlation with the dissolved oxygen. This results suggest that water temperature and dissolved oxygen are important physicochemical water quality factors affects the distribution of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera, the indicators of clean water stream.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.90-100
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out from March to November, 2013 to investigate the fish community structure and distribution characteristics of Phoxinus phoxinus and Rhynchocypris kumgangensis appearing in Gihwacheon Stream, Pyeongchang. A total of 6 families and 19 species of fish emerged during the survey period. The dominant species were R. kumgangensis (Individuals 44.7%, Biomass 30.2%) and P. phoxinus (Individuals 27.7%, Biomass 15.9%). Endemic species were 10 species including Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Hemibarbus mylodon, Gobiobotia brevibarba, Microphysogobio longidorsalis, R. kumgangensis, Zacco koreanus, Korecobitis rotundicaudata, Iksookimis koreensis and Coreoperca herzi. Endogenous species were P. tenuicorpus, G. brevibarba and P. phoxinus. Hemibarbus mylodon was a natural monument. Oncherhynchus mykiss was exotic species and translocated species was Oncorhynchus masou masou. The dominant species, R. kumgangensis, appeared at all survey sites. Except for St.6, the b value was more than 3.0 and the slope of K value showed positive correlation. P. phoxinus appeared in St. 3~St. 6 and St. 3 and St. 4 only showed stable populations.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2021

The Fourth Industrial Revolution was triggered by data-driven digital technologies such as AI and big data. There is a rapid movement to expand the scope of data utilization to the privacy area, which was considered only a protected area. Through the revision of the Data 3 Act, laws and systems were established that allow personal information to be freely transferred and utilized under their consent. But, it will be necessary to support the platform that encompasses the entire process from collecting personal information to managing and utilizing it. In this paper, we propose a platform model that can be applied to building mydata ecosystem using personal information. It describes the six essential functional requirements for building MyData platforms and the procedures and methods for implementing them. The six proposed essential features describe consent, sharing/downloading/ receipt of data, data collection and utilization, user authentication, API gateway, and platform services. We also illustrate the case of applying the MyData platform model to real-world, underprivileged mobility support services.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.490-502
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the current status of fish fauna and characteristics of the fish community according to the habitat of Woraksan National Park, Korea. The spatially balanced sampling selected 20 stations from major streams of Woraksan National Park, and three surveys were conducted in each season. The physical environments of the habitat were mostly mountain streams (Aa), with large stones and gravels scattered over the stream. The average altitude of the habitat was 304.4 m, and the average depth of water was 40.3 cm, being less than 1 m in most cases, and the river water level was distributed from 3rd to 5th streams. The principal component analysis of the physical environmental factors by habitat showed that the substrate properties differed according to the altitude. The survey identified a total of 2,183 individuals in 16 species belonging to 7 families. The dominant species was Zacco koreanus(86.2%), and the subdominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(3.8%). Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, classified as the endangered wildlife II, was the first endangered legally protected species found in this survey. Analysis of the rank abundance curve model in the fish community showed the Zipf model at 9 out of 20 points, the Lognormal model in 3 points, and the Preemption model in 4 points. The remaining 4 habitats showed only one species and were not analyzed. The canonical correspondence analysis of 20 stations and fish species was performed to understand the characteristics of the fish community according to environmental factors. The fish communities were divided according to differences in habitat environment by the altitude.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.1325-1334
• /
• 2021

This study reports the development of a manufacturing method of synthesizing colloidal gold using catalysts available for cosmetics and an anti-aging ampoule with skin improvement effects using it. Nano-colloidal gold was synthesized by using ascorbic acid and sodium borohydride as a reducing catalyst in hydrogen tetrachloroaurate tetrahydrate. It was confirmed that the particles became smaller as the mass of the content of ascorbic acid, which is a catalyst, increased. On the other hand, as the mass of sodium borohydride increased, the particle size tended to increase. In order to control the colloidal gold reaction rate, particles having 100 to 500 nm of a particle diameter distribution could be obtained using xanthan gum and hydroxyethylcellulose. The optimal synthesis conditions could be obtained by reacting for 1 to 4 hours at 18℃, a reduced pressure state of 20 to 75 mmHg, a stirring speed of 10~50 rpm. The synthesized colloidal gold had a unique smell of dark pink, pH = 5.5, specific gravity of 1.0032, and viscosity of 80 to 310 cps. As an application of skin care cosmetics, anti-aging ampoule has been developed, and it is expected to be used for various prescriptions and formulations using it.