Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Distribution Characteristics of Fish Community to Stream Order in Namhan River Watershed

남한강수계의 하천차수별 어류군집 분포 특성

  • Received : 2013.05.12
  • Accepted : 2013.10.31
  • Published : 2014.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

For this study, we collected fishes of seven times at the 51 sites by stream orders (2-6) from November 2007 to September 2010. In the results, 55 species belonging 12 families were collected. And there were one species (1.8%) of Natural monument, 6 species (10.9%) of endangered and 22 species (40.0%) of Korea endemic. Dominant species was Zacco koreanus and subdominant species was Zacco platypus in whole. Stream orders (2-6) increased with increasing species, diversity (H'), evenness (EI), richness (RI), tolerant (TS), omnivore (OS) and decreasing individual, dominance (DI), sensitive (SS) insectivore (IS), total IBI score. Principal component analysis results showed location of variable (species, individual, community index, relative abundance of tolerant, sensitive, omnivore, insectivore species) and each site changes in upstream and down-stream changes in their distribution. Correlation analysis showed significant differences between stream orders (2-6) and variable (species: Sp, diversity index: H', omnivore species: OS, stream depth: SD, stream width: SW and water temperature: WT).

본 연구는 2007년 11월부터 2010년 9월까지 2차 하천부터 6차하천까지 하천 차수에 따라 총 51개의 지점을 7회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 채집된 어류는 총 12과 55종이었으며, 전체 지점에서 참갈겨니 (Zacco koreanus)가 우점하고, 피라미 (Zacco platypus)가 아우점 하였다. 또한 천연기념물 1종 (1.8%), 환경부지정 멸종위기야생동물 2급 6종(10.9%), 한국고유종 22종(40.0%)이 확인되었다. 하천차수가 2차하천에서 6차하천으로 증가할수록 종수, 다양도지수, 균등도지수, 종풍부도지수, 내성종, 잡식종이 증가하며, 개체수, 우점도지수, 민감종, 충식종, IBI종합 지수는 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 주성분 분석결과 각 지점들의 분포양상은 종수, 개체수, 군집지수, 내성종, 민감종, 잡식종, 충식종에 따라 상류와 하류로 구분이 되었다. 다변량 상관관계 분석결과 하천차수와 다변수(종수, 다양도지수, 잡식종, 하폭, 수심, 수온)는 유의미한 양의 상관관계가 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. An, G.K., D.H. Yoem and S.K. Lee. 2001. Rapid bioassessments of Kap Stream using the index of biological integrity. Korean Journal of Environmental Biology 19(4): 261-269.
  2. An, G.K. and J.H. Kim. 2005. A diagnosis of ecological health using physical habitat assessment and multimetric fish model in Daejeon Stream. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 38(3): 361-371.
  3. Barila, T.Y., R.D. Williams and J.R. Stauffer Jr, 1981. The influence of stream order and selected stream bed parameters on fish diversity in Raystown Branch, Susquehanna River drainage, Pennsylvania. Journal of Applied Ecology, pp. 125-131.
  4. Beecher, H.A., E.R. Dott and R.F. Fernau. 1988. Fish species richness and stream order in Washington State streams. Environmental Biology of Fishes 22(3): 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005381
  5. Choi, J.S., Y.S. Jang, K.W. Lee and O.K. Kwon. 2004. Feeding habit of Gobiobotia macrocephala (Cyprinidae) from the Namhan River, Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 16(2): 165-172.
  6. Han, J.H. and K.G. An. 2008. Water quality variation dynamics between artificial reservoir and the effected downstream watershed. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 41(3): 382-394.
  7. Kaiser, H.F. 1958. The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika 23: 187-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289233
  8. Kaiser, H.F. 1961. A note on Guttman's lower bound for the number of common factors. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology 14: 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.1961.tb00061.x
  9. Karr, J.R. 1981. Assessment of Biotic Integrity using Fish Communities. Fishieries 6: 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2
  10. Kim, I.S. 1997. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korean Vol. 37 Freshwater Fishes. Ministry of Education, pp. 518.
  11. Kim, I.S. and J.Y. Park. 2002. Freshwater fishes of Korea. Kyohak Press Co., Seoul, pp. 465.
  12. Kim, I.S., Y. Choi, C.L. Lee, Y.J. Lee, B.J. Kim and J.H. Kim. 2005. Illustrated book of Korean fishes. Kyohak Press Co., Seoul, pp. 512.
  13. Kim, J.H., J.D. Yoon, H.B. Jo, K.H. Chang and M.H. Jang. 2012. Stream Health Assessment on Hoeya River Basin and Other Streams Based on Fish Community and Land Use in the Surrounding Watersheds. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 45(4): 392-402. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2012.45.4.392
  14. Lee, J.H., Y.P. Hong and K.G. An. 2007. Multi-metric index assessment of fish model and comparative analysis of community index with the health index the upstream watershed of Southern Han River. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 40(2): 327-336.
  15. Lee, S.H., J.H. Lee, J.H. Han and K.G. An. 2010. A study on the fish community and various guilds to stream order in Geum River Watershed. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 43(4): 503-512.
  16. Margalef, R. (1958). Information theory in ecology. General Systems 3: 36-71.
  17. McNaughton, S.J. 1967. Relationship among functional properties of California Grassland. Nature 216: 114-168.
  18. Ministry of Environment. 2006. The 3rd National Ecosystem Survey Guide. National Institute of Environmental Research, pp. 298.
  19. Moon, W.K., D.Y. Bae, J.W. Seo and K.G. An. 2012. Fish distribution and compositions along with altitude and longitudinal distance from the river mouth in the Tamjin River Basin, Korea. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment 29(4): 512-522.
  20. Moon, W.K., J.H. Han and K.G. An. 2010. Fish fauna and community analysis in Heuck Stream Watershed. Korean Journal of Limnological Society 43(1): 69-81.
  21. Morgan, R.P. and S.F. Cushman. 2009. Urbanization effects on stream fish assemblages in Maryland, USA. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 24(3): 643-655.
  22. Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Wiley, pp. 600
  23. Oh, S.J., S.H. Woo, J. Hur, M.S. Jung and H.S. Shin. 2009. Changes in dissolved organic matter composition in the Namhan River during a heavy rain event. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality 25(5): 697-703.
  24. Pielou, E.C. 1966. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology 13: 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(66)90013-0
  25. Platts, W.S. 1979. Relationships among stream order, fish populations, and aquatic geomorphology in an Idaho river drainage. Fisheries 4(2): 5-9. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1979)004<0005:RASOFP>2.0.CO;2
  26. Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, pp. 233.
  27. Song, H.B. and Y.M. Son. 2002. Maturity and reproductive ecology of the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus (Cyprinidae) in the upper south Han River, Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 14(4): 262-268.
  28. Sullivan, S.M.P. and M.C. Waitzin. 2009. Stream-floodplain connectivity and fish assemblage diversity in the Champlain Valley, Vermont, U.S.A. Journal of Fish Biology 74: 1394-1418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02205.x
  29. Strahler, A.N. 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 38(6): 913-920. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913
  30. Yan, Y., X. Xiang, L. Chu, Y. Zhan and C. Fu. 2011. Influences of local habitat and stream spatial position on fish assemblages in a dammed watershed, the Qingyi Stream, China. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 20(2): 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00478.x
  31. Yeom, D.H., K.G. An, Y.P. Hong and S.K. Lee. 2000. Assessment of an index biological integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages in Keum-Ho River, Korea. Korean Journal of Environment Biology 18(2): 215-226.
  32. Yoder, C.O. and M.A. Smith. 1999. Using fish assemblages in a state biological assessment and criteria program: essential concepts and considerations. Assessing the Sustainability and Biological Integrity of Water Resources Using Fish Communities, pp. 17-56.