• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.214.2-215
• /
• 2003

압출조리 공법에 의한 한국형 쌀 이유식 제조에서 아밀라제 첨가가 압출미분의 물성 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 압출조리기의 스크류 회전수는 200rpm, 원료의 사입속도는 180g/min로 고정하여 작동하였다. 원료 쌀가루의 수분함량은 18, 23, 28%로 가수하였고 첨가된 아밀라제는 Bacillus licheniformis로부터 분리한 Termamyl 120LS(NOVO사), Bacillus amylolichuefaciens로부터 분리한 BAN 240L(NOVO사) 및 맥아분말이다. 아밀라제 첨가에 의해 압출미분의 수용성지수는 3배까지 증가했고, 환원당 생성량은 원료의 수분함량에 크게 영향을 받아 28% 수분함량에서 급격히 증가하여 수용성지수와는 다른 경향을 나타내었다. 겔 투과크로마토그래피에 의한 분자량적 구조 변화 측정 결과 아밀라제 첨가에 의해 고분자 획분이 상당히 감소했으며 상대적으로 저분자 획분이 증감함을 알 수 있었다. 아밀라제의 잔존환성은 아밀라제 종류에 따라 다르며 가장 내열성인 Termamyl 120LS의 경우 용융부위 온도 14$0^{\circ}C$에서 27%까지 감소하였다. 침전법에 의한 분산특성은 아밀라제 작용에 의해 수용성 물질이 증가함에 따라 침전층의 감소를 나타내었으나 처리온도가 14$0^{\circ}C$로 증가하면 침전층의 높이는 증가하였다. 겉보기 점도는 아밀라제 첨가에 의해 무처리 압출미분의 1/4~1/200로 감소하였다. 시판 이유식의 권장농도에서의 점도와 같은 점도 수준에 도달하기 위해서는 원료의 수분함량(18, 23, 28%), 아밀라제 종류 및 첨가량, 계량부위 온도에 따른 각 작동조건의 압출미분을 최고 1.8배의 양을 사용할 수 있었다. 이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 원료 쌀가루에 첨가된 아밀라제가 압출조리기내를 통과하면서 쌀가루의 가수분해를 일으켜 환원당 등 수용성 물질이 증가하고 분산특성이 좋아지며 점도가 낮아지고 결국 이유식의 열량밀도를 증가시킬 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.563-569
• /
• 2003

Background : Pleural effusions with high amylase levels are reported frequently in patients with pancreatic diseases, a rupture of the esophagus and a malignancy. However, there is no data available on the clinical features of an amylase-rich pleural effusion in Korea. This report describes the causes of the high amylase levels in a pleural effusion and analyzes its association with malignancy. Methods : The records of patients with an amylase-rich pleural effusion who were assessed at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital from January 1998 to August 2002 were examined retrospectively, and the distribution of amylase levels in those patients, the causative diseases, and the histological type in the case of a malignancy were analyzed. Among the 532 patients whose pleural effusion was evident on a chest X-ray, there were 36 cases with an amylase-rich pleural effusion. The amylase levels were determined by an enzyme method (Hitach 747 autoanalyzer). Results : Of the 36 patients with an amylase-rich pleural effusion, there were 18 patients(50%) associated with a malignancy, 8 patients(22%) with a parapneumonic effusion, 7 patients(19%) with pancreatic disease, and 3 patients with other causes. The amylase level in a pleural effusion due to pancreatic disease was much higher than that due to other causes(p<0.01). Among the malignant pleural effusions with high amylase levels, the origin of the malignancy was a primary lung cancer in 13 cases and metastatic lung cancer in 5 cases. The histological types of malignant causes were adenocarcinoma in 10 cases(56%), squamous cell carcinoma in 2 cases(11%) and unknown type of carcinoma in 6 cases. The amylase level in the adenocarcinoma cases was much higher than that in the other cell type carcinomas(p<0.01). There was no significant association between the amylase level and the glucose level among the malignant cases with amylase-rich pleural effusion(p=0.21). Conclusion : The most frequent cause of an amylase-rich pleural effusion was a malignancy. Primary lung cancer and adenocarcinoma were the most common malignancies and histological types associated with a malignant pleural effusion with high amylase levels. The amylase level in a pleural effusion secondary to pancreatic disease was much higher than from any other causes.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.413-417
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to determine $\beta$-amylase gene expression and degradation of starch granules in the endosperm near scutellar epithelium of rice cultivars under the submerged soil at hypoxia 18$^{\circ}C$, which is practically important condition for farmers in temperate regions. In case of cv. Janghyangdo, accumulation of $\beta$-amylase mRNA was detected in the aleurone layer on the ninth day after seeding. However that of cv. Suwon 287 and Norm 6 were not detected in the aleurone layer in submerged soil(hypoxia) at 18$^{\circ}C$. $\beta$-amylase of cv. Janghyangdo was synthesized de novo in aleurone cells not in the scutellar epithelium. Degradation of starch granules in the endosperm near scutellar epithelium of c.v. Janghyangdo and Ginbozu, which have a strong $\beta$-amylase activity, was greater than that of cv. Suwon 287 and Norm 6 with no $\beta$-amylase activity in submerged soil(hypoxia) at 18$^{\circ}C$. This result may indicate that $\beta$-amylase gene expression and degradation of starch granules of germinating rice seed are related to the emergence of rice under the submerged soil condition at low temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 1989

One strain of Aspergillus niger K-25 producing an acid-stable ${\alpha}-amylase$ was isolated from the soil. The optimum culture conditions were investigated. The production of the acid-stable ${\alpha}-amylase$ was enhanced when the strain was incubated in a medium containing soluble starch 3.5%, peptone 2%, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.5%, $MaSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.25% and $FeCI_3$ 1.0% at pH 3 for 7 days. However, higher activity of acid-stable ${\alpha}-amylase$ was demonstrated on wheat bran culture. Amylase production was doubled when A. niger K-25 was incubated on the wheat bran supplemented with fumaric acid buffer (pH 3).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.670-678
• /
• 1994

The effects of amylase addition during extrusion cooking of rice on the physico-chemical properties of the extrudates were investigated in order to develop rice-based Korean style weaning food products. A laboratory-built single screw extruder was used, the enzymes used were Termamyl 120LS(amylase from Bacillus licheniformis, NOVO Co.), BAN 240L(amylase from Bacillus amylolichuefaciens, NOVO Co.) and malt powder. By the addition of enzymes, the water soluble index of the extrudates increased by 3 times compared to that of the extrudates without enzyme and the concentration of reducing sugar in the extrudates increased drastically at 28 feed moisture. The gel permeation chromatographic pattern showed that the large molecular starch fractions diminished by the addition of enzyme during extrusion and the low molecular fraction increased. The residual enzyme activity in the extrudate were 27% for the most thermo-resistance enzyme by treating at $140^{\circ}C$ in the metering section of the extruder. The sediment volume of the extrudate dispersion increased as the metering section temperature increased to $140^{\circ}C$ . By the addition of enzymes the viscosity of extrudate dispersion was redused $1/4{\sim}1/200$ of that of the extrudates without enzyme. It allowed to use 1.8 times of solid material to the weaning food formulation to attain the same level of consistency as the commercial products. It proves that the addition of amylase during rice extrusion is effective to increase the energy density of weaning food by starch degradation, which results in the increases of water solubility, reducing sugar content, dispersibility and fluidability.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 1989

The extracellular amylase production by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-l in amylase production media and its characteristics were investigated. The amylase production was highest in the medium composed of 0.2% soluble starch, 1.0% Bacto-peptone, 0.3% beef extract, 0.3% yeast extract, 0.5% NaCl, 0.3% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.1% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.012% $CaCl_2$.$2H_2O$, 0.005% $MnSO_4$.$H_2O$, and 0.03% $MgSO_4$.$7H_2O$. The amylase activity was inhibited by 50mM EDT A. The enzyme was optimally active from pH 6.5 to 7.0 at $55^{\circ}C$, The specific activity of the enzyme in the ethanol precipitate was 2.01 units/mg, and the Km value was approxi-mately 0.8 mg/ml.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.633-637
• /
• 1994

A bacterial strain KSM-35 producing maltotetraose forming amylase was isolated from compost and identified as Streptomyces based on its morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics. The amylase from Streptomyces sp. KSM-35 culture filtrate was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by the liquid chromatographic procedures using DEAE-Toyo pearl and sephadex G-100 with 27.1% activity recovery. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 50,000 and the isoelectric point 4.3. The main product by the amylase from soluble starch was maltotetraose which accounted for 56% of all the oligosaccharides detected after 26 hrs of reaction. Maltose (20%o) and maltotriose (16%) were the next important byproducts while glucose and maltopentaose were detected as traces.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.661-668
• /
• 1997

The majority of lung cancers associated with hyperamylasemia are adenocarcinomas. Here we report an unusual case of a 54-year-old male patient who complained of dyspnea, anterior chest wall discomfort and facial edema for one month, presenting with a huge mediastinal mass and hyperamylasemia complicated by pericardial effusion. Histological evaluation of mediastinal mass revealed small cell carcinoma and pericardium showed nonspecific inflammation with fibrosis. The serum amylase had an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of salivary gland enzyme. There were no evidence of a salivary or pancreatic causes of hyperamylasemia. After chemotherapy, parenchymal lung lesions improved and hyperamylasemia disappeared. For the management of pericardial effusion, a pericardial window was formed. We concluded that the striking increase in serum amylase was due to the ectopic production of this enzyme by the tumor.

• 주류공업
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 1994

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.333-338
• /
• 1992

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) seeds were analyzed to determine the level of soluble sugars and insoluble starch during germination. Also the activities of the hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, invertase and phosphatase were compared. As amylase activity was sharply increased, significant decline of starch was observed in the female gametophyte and increase of soluble sugars occurred concurrently. Invertase activity was gradually increased in cotyledon and radicle, while it was very low in dry seeds. In addition, phosphatase activity was variable only in radicle, and acid phosphatase showed higher activity than alkaline phosphatase.hatase.