• Title/Summary/Keyword: 쓰레기처리

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Improvement of the Fishing Gear and Fishing Method of the East-Sea Trawl Fishery (동해구 트롤 어구어법의 개량)

  • 권병국;이주희;이춘우;김형석;김용식;안영일;김정문
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.106-116
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    • 2001
  • A serious of studies on the fishing gear and system of the East Sea trawl fishery was carried out to improve the fishing efficiency and the working conditions. As the first step of these studies, the fishing gear and system of the traditional East Sea trawl were checked in order to solve the some problems, such as the poor sheering efficiency of net mouth, the inconvenient fishing system of the side trawl and etc. And then the fishing system was reorganized from the side trawl into the stern trawl by setting up the net drum system on the stern deck, and introduction of two types of new designed nets, one for mainly the midwater trawl and the other for the bottom trawl. The results of the field experiment on the modified system and nets can be summarized as follows : 1. the modified system was well worked and could save the man-labour by about 80%. 2. The sheering efficiency of the improved net, A type was improved to 20 m height and 30 m width in the net mouth, and that of B type net, to 10 m height and 33 m width, compared with 1.5 m height and 15 m width in the traditional net. 3. Catch efficiency of pink shrimp in A or B type net was better about 3 or 5 times than that of traditional net, and in B net, for herring and other bottom fishes is better about 2 times than that of the traditional net.

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A Study on the Role of the Commune's Cooperation in the French New Town Development and Management System (프랑스 신도시개발 및 관리에서 꼬뮌협력체에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Sang-Hee;Kim, Doo-Hwan;Yoon, In-Sook;Seo, Jin-Won;Kim, Ryoon-Hee
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.3 no.4
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    • pp.369-378
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    • 2012
  • In France, there are many forms of organizations based on the intercommunal solidarity for city development and management. The purpose of the collaboration among Communes is to achieve high quality and well-equipped service-delivery system through co-operation of public services needed grand finances : water supply and sewage system and waste disposal system etc. The cooperation among French Communes and its effects, even though these were owing to the existing French local administration system, continued throughout regional co-management and social co-development process. This study suggested some characteristics and implications of the collaborative-style French new-town development and management organizations focused on the EPA, SAN and CA. First, the role of developmental corporation like EPA and its collaborative structure of decision-making are meaningful, because in these ways many related Communes could share a goal of new town development. Second, the way of new town corporation (SAN) is important in the sense of enabling the Communes to collaborate with each others while maintaining autonomy, so those are not simply state-directed objects, which was very difficult in the former French local administration system. Finally, transforming to CA (Communautes d'agglomeration:city community), EPA as an intercommunal corporation is possible to extend its purpose to the domain of regional planning including new town and periphery areas and change its position to a subject which can practice Commune's sustainable development according to stages of city's development and maturity. The most important implication of this study on urban development in Korea is that administrative consultative council or association among local governments and related authorities need to be established and effectively operate because multi-stakeholders could share a goal of urban development and management through that.

Analyzing the Importance and Performance of Sanitation Management within Childcare Center Foodservice Facilities in Gyeongbuk Province (경북 지역 보육 시설 급식소의 위생 관리에 대한 중요도-수행도 조사)

  • Jung, Hyeon-A;Kim, An-Na;Joo, Na-Mi;Paik, Jae-Eun
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.385-391
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance and performance of sanitation management within childcare center foodservice facilities in Gyeongbuk province. The survey involved 248 people who participated in the food hygiene and safety education for childcare center managers in Gyeongbuk province from June to July 2010. A total of 236 survey papers were analyzed statistically by SPSS program. By the method, t-test and importance-performance analysis (IPA) was performed. Among the respondents, facility managers are 40s (41.9%) which accounted the most percentage, and for the type of facility, the largest amount was home (39.9%). The number of preschool children who are under 20 people accounted for 45.3% and food service staffs were accounted for 36.7%. No significant differences were observed for the four items on the IPA, except for the topics "the immediate deal with trash and leftover food" and "minimizing time (within 2 hours) for distribution after cooking" (p<0.001). The average score on the IPA was 4.14 points, and the average score for the importance of the evaluation was 4.49 points out of 5. Finally, childcare facility managers are aware of the importance that is lower than can be done. The results suggest that continuing education is necessary to administrators to manage the health care facility effectively.

Effects of MLSS Concentration and Influent C/N Ratio on the Nitrogen Removal Efficiency of Alternately Intermittently Aerated Nonwoven Fabric Filter Bioreactors (교차 간헐 포기식 부직포 여과막 생물반응조에서 MLSS 농도 및 유입수 C/N 비가 질소 제거효율에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Kyoung-Eun;Bae, Min-Su;Lee, Jong-Ho;Cho, Yun-Kyung;Cho, Kwang-Myeung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.501-510
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    • 2006
  • To investigate the effects of MLSS concentration and influent C/N ratio on the nitrogen removal efficiency of alternately intermittently aerated nonwoven fabric filter bioreactors, the MLSS concentrations of the reactors were maintained at approximately 5,500 mg/L, 10,000 mg/L and 15,000 mg/L, and the influent TCOD/TKN ratio was decreased gradually from 5 to 2 by adding $NH_4Cl$. The influent was prepared by diluting a food waste leachate to a TCOD concentration of about 300 mg/L. The results of the experiment showed F/M ratios less than 0.112 g TCOD/g MLSS-day, average TCOD removal efficiencies of above 95%, and an average observed microbial yield coefficient of 0.283 g MLSS/g COD removed. The nitrification efficiencies were computed to be always better than 96% except one case where the nitrification efficiency was 90.5% when the MLSS concentration and the influent TCOD/TKN ratio was 5,500 mg/L and 2, respectively. The denitrification efficiency deteriorated as the influent TCOD/TKN ratio decreased. The average denitrification efficiency at the MLSS concentration of 10,000 mg/L was 10.7% better than that at the MLSS concentration of 5,500 mg/L, and the denitrification rate improved at a rate of 2.66 mg NL as the MLSS concentration increased by 1,000 mg/L. When the MLSS concentration was 15,000 mg/L, however, the average denitrification efficiency was merely 4.6% higher compared to when the MLSS concentration was 5,500 mg/L, and the denitrification rate increased at a rate of 0.75 mg N/L per 1,000 mg/L MLSS increase. Therefore, no strict proportional relationship was found between MLSS concentration and endogenous denitrification rate. The average alkalinity consumption rate was 3.36 mg alkalinity/mg T-N removed, which is similar to the theoretical value of 3.57 mg alkalinity/mg T-N removed, but the rate increased as the influent TCOD/TKN ratio decreased.

Analysis of Satisfaction on Alley Garden's Components through Urban Regeneration - Focused on Bisan 2·3-dong in Daegu Metropolitan City - (도시재생사업에 따른 골목정원 구성요소의 만족도 분석 - 대구광역시 비산 2·3동을 대상으로 -)

  • Jang, Cheol-Kyu;Hwang, Myeong-Lan;Shin, Jae-Yun;Jung, Sung-Gwan
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.137-148
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    • 2017
  • This study analyzed the opinions of residents for desirable urban regeneration and suggested an improvement plan for alley environments. This study conducted a questionnaire survey of the residents living in Alley Garden of Bisan 2,3-dong, Daegu Metropolitan City. In the analysis of the importance and satisfaction of Alley Garden components, items related to a safe, cleanly environment such as 'Lighting facility installation', 'Sewage and waste disposal' and 'CCTV installation' had a high level of importance. It was also found that items improved by the Residential Environment Improvement Project and Alley Garden such as 'Lighting facility installation', 'Quantity of herbaceous flowers' and 'Kinds of herbaceous flowers' had a high level of satisfaction. The IPA results showed that items such as 'Empty house maintenance', 'Rest facilities such as benches and pergolas', 'Space for resident interaction' and 'Public parking lot' had a high level of importance, but had a low level of satisfaction, which suggests that they should be improved by priority. As a result of factor analysis, Alley Garden components were classified into four factors: 'Safety and cleanliness', 'Greenness', 'Exchange and convenience facility' and 'Aesthetics renewal'. Based on this classification, a regression analysis was conducted regarding the effects of the four factors on overall satisfaction. Results showed that all four factors had a significant influence on the overall satisfaction and that 'Aesthetics renewal' and 'Safety and cleanliness', respectively showing levels of significance at 0.274 and 0.235, were highly influential to overall satisfaction. Therefore, it was concluded that spaces for resident interaction and rest facilities should be preferentially installed to improve the environment of alleys. For the improvement of the overall satisfaction of alley environments, it was also concluded that residents should be encouraged to engage in activities such as sculpture installation and mural drawing, along with the introduction of safety bells and crime prevention environment design and the implementation of alley beautification projects.

Deodorization of H2S, CH3SH in Soil Filter Reactors Packed with Montmorillonites, Rice Hulls and Thickening-activated Sludge (Montmorillonites, 왕겨 및 농축활성슬러지를 충진한 토양상에서의 H2S, CH3SH의 제거)

  • Kim, Hwan-Gi;Park, Chan-Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2000
  • Deodorization characteristics and removal rate of sulfur-containing odor have been investigated in the soil filter reactors packed with montmorillonites (Mont.), rice hulls(Rh.), and thickening-activated sludge(Ts.). And variation of pH and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ with the removal of malodorous sulfur compounds have been investigated together. As compared removal rate of montmorillonites between wet and dry condition for sulfur compounds through batch test, it showed that wet condition was better than dry one; removal ratio, as wet/dry, was $H_2S$ of 1.2 and $CH_3SH$ of 1.9, and decrease of pH and increase of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ concentration in the wet condition also showed to be larger than in dry condition. In continuous test for biological deodorization experiment, removal rate of sulfur compounds in reactor packed with Mont., Rh. and Ts, was more than 98 %, and the variation of static pressure was maintained stably under condition of SV $150h^{-1}$, LV 4.2 mm/sec and SV $200h^{-1}$, LV 5.6 mm/sec, and in reactor packed with Mont. and Rh., $H_2S$ was 76.4 % to 87.2 % and $CH_3SH$ was 87.8 % to 93.3 % under the same condition. From above results, it ascertained that it can obtain the high deodorization efficiency by inoculating thickening-activated sludge in soil filter using montmorillonites.

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Development of Carbon Dioxide Emission Factor from Resource Recovery Facility (폐기물자원회수시설의 이산화탄소 배출계수 개발)

  • Kim, Seungjin;Im, Gikyo;Yi, Chi-Yeong;Lee, Seehyung;Sa, Jae-Hwan;Jeon, Eui-Chan
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2013
  • To address the problems associated with climate change and energy shortage, Korea has been making efforts to turn waste materials into usable energy. Due to the ongoing efforts to convert waste materials into energy, waste incineration is expanding to utilize the heat generated, and the subsequent greenhouse gas emissions from these waste material incineration are expected to increase. In this study, a municipal waste incineration plant that generates heat and electricity through heat recovery was selected as a subject facility. Methods for estimating the greenhouse gas emissions in the municipal waste incineration plant that was selected as a subject plant were sought, and the greenhouse gas emissions and emission factor were estimated. The $CO_2$ concentrations in discharge gas from the subject facility were on average 6.99%, and the result from calculating this into greenhouse gas emissions showed that the total amount of emissions was $254.60ton\;CO_2/day$. The net emissions, excluding the amount of greenhouse gas emitted from biomass incineration, was shown to be $110.59ton\;CO_2/day$. In addition, after estimating the emissions by separating the heat and electricity generated in the incineration facility, greenhouse gas emission factors were calculated using the greenhouse gas emissions produced per each unit of output. The estimated emission factor for heat was found to be $0.047ton\;CO_2/GJ$ and the emission factor for electricity was found to be $0.652ton\;CO_2/MWh$. The estimated emission factor was shown to be about 17% lower than the $0.783ton\;CO_2/MWh$ emission factor for thermal power plants that use fossil fuels. Waste material types and fossil carbon contents were evaluated as being the factors that have major effects on the greenhouse gas emissions and emission factor.

Establishment of Safety Factors for Determining Use-by-Date for Foods (식품의 소비기한 참고치 설정을 위한 안전계수)

  • Byoung Hu Kim;Soo-Jin Jung;June Gu Kang;Yohan Yoon;Jae-Wook Shin;Cheol-Soo Lee;Sang-Do Ha
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.38 no.6
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    • pp.528-536
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    • 2023
  • In Korea, from January 2023, the Act on Labeling and Advertising of Food was revised to reflect the use-by-date rather than the sell-by-date. Hence, the purpose of this study was to establish a system for calculating the safety factor and determining the recommended use-by-date for each food type, thereby providing a scientific basis for the recommended use-by-date labels. A safety factor calculation technique based on scientific principles was designed through literature review and simulation, and opinions were collected by conducting surveys and discussions including industry and academia, among others. The main considerations in this study were pH, Aw, sterilization, preservatives, packaging for storage improvement, storage temperature, and other external factors. A safety factor of 0.97 was exceptionally applied for frozen products and 1.0 for sterilized products. In addition, a between-sample error value of 0.08 was applied to factors related to product and experimental design. This study suggests that clearly providing a safe use-by-date will help reduce food waste and contribute to carbon neutrality.

A Study on Industries's Leading at the Stock Market in Korea - Gradual Diffusion of Information and Cross-Asset Return Predictability- (산업의 주식시장 선행성에 관한 실증분석 - 자산간 수익률 예측 가능성 -)

  • Kim Jong-Kwon
    • Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.355-380
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    • 2004
  • I test the hypothesis that the gradual diffusion of information across asset markets leads to cross-asset return predictability in Korea. Using thirty-six industry portfolios and the broad market index as our test assets, I establish several key results. First, a number of industries such as semiconductor, electronics, metal, and petroleum lead the stock market by up to one month. In contrast, the market, which is widely followed, only leads a few industries. Importantly, an industry's ability to lead the market is correlated with its propensity to forecast various indicators of economic activity such as industrial production growth. Consistent with our hypothesis, these findings indicate that the market reacts with a delay to information in industry returns about its fundamentals because information diffuses only gradually across asset markets. Traditional theories of asset pricing assume that investors have unlimited information-processing capacity. However, this assumption does not hold for many traders, even the most sophisticated ones. Many economists recognize that investors are better characterized as being only boundedly rational(see Shiller(2000), Sims(2201)). Even from casual observation, few traders can pay attention to all sources of information much less understand their impact on the prices of assets that they trade. Indeed, a large literature in psychology documents the extent to which even attention is a precious cognitive resource(see, eg., Kahneman(1973), Nisbett and Ross(1980), Fiske and Taylor(1991)). A number of papers have explored the implications of limited information- processing capacity for asset prices. I will review this literature in Section II. For instance, Merton(1987) develops a static model of multiple stocks in which investors only have information about a limited number of stocks and only trade those that they have information about. Related models of limited market participation include brennan(1975) and Allen and Gale(1994). As a result, stocks that are less recognized by investors have a smaller investor base(neglected stocks) and trade at a greater discount because of limited risk sharing. More recently, Hong and Stein(1999) develop a dynamic model of a single asset in which information gradually diffuses across the investment public and investors are unable to perform the rational expectations trick of extracting information from prices. Hong and Stein(1999). My hypothesis is that the gradual diffusion of information across asset markets leads to cross-asset return predictability. This hypothesis relies on two key assumptions. The first is that valuable information that originates in one asset reaches investors in other markets only with a lag, i.e. news travels slowly across markets. The second assumption is that because of limited information-processing capacity, many (though not necessarily all) investors may not pay attention or be able to extract the information from the asset prices of markets that they do not participate in. These two assumptions taken together leads to cross-asset return predictability. My hypothesis would appear to be a very plausible one for a few reasons. To begin with, as pointed out by Merton(1987) and the subsequent literature on segmented markets and limited market participation, few investors trade all assets. Put another way, limited participation is a pervasive feature of financial markets. Indeed, even among equity money managers, there is specialization along industries such as sector or market timing funds. Some reasons for this limited market participation include tax, regulatory or liquidity constraints. More plausibly, investors have to specialize because they have their hands full trying to understand the markets that they do participate in

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