• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.1785-1794
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine differences between nursery teachers and kindergarten teachers in their perception on key elements of effective interactions and enhanced teaching competence. The subject of the study were 143 early childhood teachers in the Y region of Gyeonggi-do. The collected data was processed through frequency and percentage. For difference test, ${\chi}^2$ tests were conducted. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, both nursery teachers and kindergarten teachers perceived that listening and playing were the most important factors in effective interactions between young children and teachers. However, nursery teachers perceived the interaction through skin-ship and complimenting to be more important whereas kindergarten teachers perceived questioning and complimenting as necessary. For the teaching criteria, nursery teachers put more weights on playing while kindergarten teachers focus more on explaining and coorperating. In addition, about evaluation methods, nursery teachers perceived self-evaluation as important, whereas kindergarten teachers perceived observation notes as important. Second, about the elements to strengthen teaching competence, nursery teachers perceived that observation records should be utilized for understanding interest or desire. They also believe that development analysis and teaching methods should be improved through systematical teaching plan and evaluation and that enhancement of teaching material and education are necessary. In contrast, kindergarten teachers perceived that observation records should be utilized for teaching plan and development analysis and teaching methods should be improved through participating in the meetings related to career and education. They believe that providing a prize money through supervising evaluation is necessary.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2011

Actinomycetes, Gram positive soil bacteria, are valuable microorganisms which produce useful secondary metabolites including antibiotics, antiparasitic substances, anti-cancer drugs, and immunosuppressants. Although a major family of actinomycetes, known as streptomycetes, has been intensively investigated at the molecular level for several decades, a potentially valuable and only recently isolated non-streptomycetes rare actinomycetes (NSRA) family has been poorly characterized due to lack of proper genetic manipulation systems. Here we report that a PCR-based genome screening strategy was performed with approximately 180 independently isolated actinomycetes strains to isolate potentially valuable NSRA strains. Thanks to this simple PCR-based genome screening strategy we were able to identify only seven NSRA strains, followed by 16S rRNA sequencing for confirmation. Through further bioassays, one potentially valuable NSRA strain (tentatively named Nocardiopsis species MMBL010) was identified which possessed both antifungal and antibacterial activities, along with the presence of polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthase genes. Moreover, Nocardiopsis species MMBL010, which was intrinsically recalcitrant to genetic manipulation, was successfully transformed via E. coli-driven conjugation. These results suggest that PCR-based genome screening, followed by the establishment of an E. coli-driven conjugation system, is an efficient strategy to maximize potentially valuable compounds and their biosynthetic genes from NSRA strains isolated from various environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.93-110
• /
• 2013

During the last decade, increasing use of technology that facilitates information access has changed academic library services. The emergence of information commons is one of the key changes. Most previous studies on information commons have focused on its conception and role. Whereas, considering information commons as a spatial service, this study aims to examine the influence of information commons on user traffic patterns within the library and perception of the library. As the information commons grew into main library service space and facility, it is necessary to explore what influences information commons have on the behavior and recognition of users. Two methods were used. First, observation method was used to record traffic pattern and user behavior. Second, twenty undergraduates and twelve graduates were interviewed regarding the use and recognition of the information commons and the library. The results of the study show that the traffic patterns were different between undergraduate students and graduate students; the location and structure of facilities influences their movement and behaviors; and the recognition of information commons tends to affect the perception of the entire library. The findings may help librarians improve and plan for library spaces to meet user demands.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.263-284
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this research is to analyze the performance of national R&D projects and to find out measures to improve the performance indicators, focusing on energy HRD projects. The main analysis target is 86 energy manpower projects supported since 2010. The performance indicators of the energy HRD projects are related to the research capacity, the number of emission workers, industry-university linkage, job creation and so on, and analyzed by using the 11 indicators of human resource performance index called KPI index. As a result of analyzing the attainment level of the proposed target by task, the index with the highest achievement level is the corporation linkage rate, and the index with the lowest achievement level is the participating company employment. As a result of examining the effects of job creation in company - linked activities, it was found that the greater the number of participating companies in the business, the greater the employment creation effect of the number of internships. As a result of the above analysis, the following policy alternatives are proposed. First, it is necessary to consider adding indicators that can express the quality performance of the business and performance indicators that can express actual business linkages. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the management of differentiated performance indicators according to policy performance targets and major target groups. Third, it is necessary to improve information input and accumulation system along with improvement of performance index.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 1998

The natural enemies of Black pine bast scale (Matsucoccus thunbergianae) were surveyed total 24species, 7families, 4orders in predatory insects and 29species 1 lfamilies in a predatory spiders. In insect, Coleoptera IOspecies, Hymenoptera 7species, Hemiptera 6species, Dermaptera 1 species were investigated. Among them high frequency and population density were Chilocorus rubidus, Harmonia axyridis of Coleoptera, Brachyponera chinensis, Vesp~ilac rabro flavofasciata of Hymonoptea, Sphedanolestes impressicollis, Velinos nodipes of Hemiptera. Anatis halonis, Anisostictu kobensis of Coleoptea and Cydnocoris russatus of Hemiptea were newly investigated. In spiders, Araneidae gspecies, Thomisidae Sspecies, Lycosidae 3species, Salticidae 3species, Pisauridae 2species, Theridiidae 2species, Tetragnathidae 2species, Oxyopidae lspecies, Gnaphosidae I species, Clubionidae I species, Atypidae 1 species were investigated. Which high frequency and concentrating predatory species were Argiope bruennichii, Araneus ventricosus, Neoscona melloteei, Neoscona scylloides of Araneidae, Lycosa suzurii, Pirata sp. of Lycosidae, Marpissu elongata of Salticidae, Dolomedes stellatus of Pisauridae, Oxyopes sertatus of Oxyopidae. Neosconu scylloides, Cvclosa laticauda of Araneidae, Synema globosum, Xysticus ephippiatus, Misumenops tricu~pidat~o~f .T~h, omisidae, Marpissa elongata, Dendryphantes atratus of Salitidae, Perenethis .fascigera of Pisauridae, Tetragnatha pinicola of Tetragnathidae, Zelotes asiaticus of Gnaphosidae.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2005

The dihydrido P-C-P pincer complex, $IrH_2{C_6H_3-2,6-(CH_2PBu_2^t)_2}$ (1), was successfully prepared from the reaction of the hydrochloride complex, $IrClH (C_6H_3-2,6-(CH_2PBu_2^t)_2}$, and super acid $(LiBEt_3H)$ under 1 atm of hydrogen in pentane solution at room temperature and followed by Heating at $130^{\circ}C$ in vacuo. Jensen recently found that the dihydrido P-C-P pincer complex 1 is a highly active homogeneous catalyst for the transfer dehydrogenation of alkanes with unusual longterm stability at temperatures as high as $200^{\circ}C$. The treatment of dihydrido complex 1 with nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide in presence of tert-butylethylene (the) at room temperature in an appropriate solution gave the dinitrogen complex, $[Ir{C-6H_3-2,6-(CH_2PBu_2^t)_2}]_2({\mu}-N_2)$ (2), the hydrido hydroxyl complex, $IrH(OH){C_6H_3-2,6-(CH_2PBu_2^t)_2}$ (3), the carbon dioxide complex, $Ir({\eta}^2-CO_2) {C_6H_3-2,6-(CH_2PBu_2^t)_2}$ (including the bicarbonate complex, $IrH({\kappa}^2-O_2COH){C_6H_3-2,6-(CH_2PBu_2^t)_2}\;(4))$, and the carbonyl complex, $Ir(CO) {C_6H_3-2,6-(CH_2PBu_2^t)_2}\;(5)$ (including the carboxyl complex, $IrH(C(O)OH) {C_6H_3-2,6-(CH_2PBu_2^t)_2}\;(6))$, in good yield, respectively. These P-C-P iridium complexes were isolated and characterized by $^1H,\;^{13}C,\;^{31}P\; NMR$, and IR spectroscopy. In addition, the complexes (1-6) were characterized by a single crystal X-ray crystallography. These complexes account for these small molecules' inhibition of dehydrogenation of alkanes catalyzed by the dihydrido complex 1.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2017

In April 2009, in the wake of President Obama's Prague speech, the international community held four nuclear sec urity summits from 2010 to 2016 to promote nuclear security and prevent nuclear terrorism. The Nuclear Security S ummit has made significant progress in preventing terrorists from attempting to acquire nuclear weapons or fissile materials, but it still has limitations and problems. To solve this problem, the international community should resume the joint efforts for strengthening bilateral cooperation and multilateral nuclear security regime, and the participating countries should strive to protect their own nuclear materials and fulfill their commitments to secure nuclear facilitie s. Second, the United Nations(UN), the IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency), International Criminal Police Or ganization(INTERPOL), the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism(GICNT), and the Global Partnership(G P) must continue their missions to promote nuclear security in accordance with the five action plans adopted at the Fourth Nuclear Security Summit. Third, the participating countries should begin discussions on the management and protection of military nuclear materials that could not be covered by the Nuclear Security Summit. Fourth, the intern ational community must strive to strengthen the implementation of the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuc lear Material(CPPNM) Amendment and International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrori sm(ICSANT), prepare for cyber attacks against nuclear facilities, and prevent theft, illegal trading and sabotage invo lving nuclear materials.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.8
• /
• pp.71-84
• /
• 1996

최근 남북관계는 대북 쌀 지원 문제와 관련한 북한 측의 태도와 이후의 무장공비 남파 등으로 악화되어 있다. 북한 측을 대화창구로 유도하고 남북 경협 등을 통하여 남북한 관계를 개선하려는 우리측의 노력은 이무런 성과를 거두고 있지 못한 것 같다. 남북한 항공판계의 진전도 전반적인 남북관계에서만이 고려가 가능한 실정으로 있다. 최근 언론매체를 통하여 북한당국이 미국 항공사(델타, 노스웨스트)의 평양비행정보구역 통과 우리 영공으로의 비행을 허가하였으며, 이에 대하여 우리측은 우선 남북한 관제당국간 관제협정이 체결되고, 동 항로를 이용한 비행은 우리 항공사를 포함한 모든 항공사에 비차별적으로 적용되어야 하는 것을 전제로 운항을 허가할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 이것은 북한당국이 '95년 12월에 자국영공을 전세계에 개방하겠다고 밝힌 후 진전된 일련의 사태 발전의 일부분이다. 북한은 '95.2월 초 국제영공통과 업무협정에 가입하였다. 외국항공기에 의한 북한의 영공통과비행은 이 협정에 가입하였다고 자동적으로 허가되는 것은 아니며 사안별로 허가되어야 한다는 점에 유의할 필요가 있다. 북한이 이러한 영공개방의사를 밝힌 것은 오랫동안 진행되어 왔던 일본/중국간 직선항로 문제에 있어서, 한국과 중국간의 합의로 서울/북경간에 직선항로를 설정하게 됨으로써 사실상 문제가 해결되었고, 따라서 향후 외국항공사가 한반도의 남쪽만을 통과하여 동경/북경간을 운항하게되는 가능성에 대하여 당혹감을 가지고 있기 때문이라고 보여진다. 한편 일본/중국간 직선항로 설정문제는 이것이 운항시간과 연료를 절약하게 된다는 점에서 IATA, ICAO 등 국제기구에 의하여 1980년대 초반부터 추구되어져 왔다. 그러나 남북간의 대립 등 복잡한 한반도 정세, 남북한을 포함한 일본, 중국 등 이해관계 당사국의 ICAO에 대한 형식적이고 외교적인 태도 등으로 인하여 아무런 해결책없이 십수년이 지나가게 되었다. 심지어 ICAO는 '88년 휴전선을 통과하는 단일항로안까지 제시하였는 바 이것은 한반도 정세에 대한 뚜렷한 이해가 없었던 때문이라고 생각된다. '95.9.17. "남복간 화해, 불가침, 교류 및 협력에 관한 합의서"가 서명되었다. 동 합의서에서는 남북간 군사적 대치 상태가 해소되는 상황에 따라 김포 및 순안비행장간 직항로를 개설한다고 되어있다. 현재까지 항공부문에서는 이렇다할 교류, 협력 실적은 없었으나 향후 남북관계의 진전에 따라 이 부문에서의 협력사업은 많다고 생각된다. 우선 위에서 언급한 남북한 및 각국 항공기가 남북의 비행정보구역을 통과 비행할 수 있도록 관제협정을 체결하고 필요할 경우 기술인력을 훈련하는데 상호 협조할 수 있다. 또한 설악산과 금강산을 연결하는 관광코스를 개발하여 항공기를 운항할 수 있다. 다음 남북의 주요 지점간에 전세기를 운항하고, 수요가 성숙할 경우 주요 도시 (남: 서울, 부산, 대구, 광주, 제주 등, 북: 평양, 신의주, 청진, 원산 등)를 연결하는 정기편을 개설할 수 있을 것이다. 이밖에 항공사간 영업사항에 관한 협력을 기대해 볼 수 있다. 남북간 항공협력은 한반도의 통일을 앞당길 수 있는 좋은 수단으로 작용할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.297-317
• /
• 2006

This article is aimed to find a more successful way to build a metropolitan-wide governance for enhancing industrial cluster in South-East region, Korea. We begin a research with reviewing a current study of regional cluster and its governance. New industrial system and agglomeration changed regional growth theory and urban system. In traditional system, a central city dominated economy of the metropolitan area. However, with development of new transportation and communication technology, a central city lost their superiority to suburban cities. In other words, growing competition between central and suburban cities changed traditional concentration and diffusion theory of urbanization which dominated urban geography for last decades. Next, current situation of development of industrial cluster in South-East region is examined to suggest policy for more competitiveness. South-East region has grown as the most prominent cluster of mechanical engineering and metal industry in Korea since the late 1970s. In the form of agglomeration and network of a specific and its related industry, South-East region has formed a linear industrial belt along with the inter-regional South Coast Highway and contain about ten industrial cities. Accompanying with this growing South-East region, a problem has risen from geographic mismatch between metropolitan-wide industrial cluster and its administrative boundary. Since industrial cluster has no specific administrative boundary, adequate government support for developing industrial cluster has not been provided. Responding to the problem, academics and policy makers maintain need in establishing a metropolitan-wide governance for supporting a cluster. At the end, this paper provides some implication to planners and policy makers.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.215-230
• /
• 1997

A number of ocean outfalls are located around coastal area over the United States and discharge primary treated effluent into deep water for efficient wastewater treatment. Two of them, the Sand Island and Honouliuli municipal wastewater outfalls, are located on the south coast of Oahu. There have been growing interests about the plume dynamics around the ocean outfalls since plume discharged from the multiport diffuser may have significant impacts on coastal communities and immediate consequence on public health. Among the studies of plume dynamics performed in the vicinity of both outfalls, Project MB-4 in the Mamala Bay Study recently made with the funding in the $ 9 million amount statistically dealt with the near-field behavior of the plumes at the Sand Island and Honouliuli outfalls. However, Project MB-4 predicted much higher surfacing frequency than the realistic value obtained by model studies by Oceanit Laboratories, Inc.. It is suggested that improvements should be made in the application of the plume model to more simulate the actual discharge characteristics and ocean conditions. In this study, it has been recommended that input parameters in plume models reflect realistic density profile over the entire water column since. in the previous Mamala Bay Study, the density profiles were measured at 5m depth increments extending from 13 to 63 m depth (the density profile on the upper portion of water column was not included, Roberts 1995). It is proved that the density stratification is the important parameter for the submergence of the plume. In this study, as one of the important parameters, plume rise and initial dilution reflecting the density profile over the entire water column have been taken into account for more reliable plume behavior description.