• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this convergence study is to examine the factors influencing disease related knowledge in patients with congestive heart failure. Methods: A descriptive regression design was used and the participants were 100 patients with heart failure from one general hospital in 2015. Data analysis included .multiple regression. Results: The average scores were $9.59{\pm}1.77$ for disease related knowledge. The significant factors affecting disease related knowledge were severity(${\beta}=.32$, p<.001), duration of disease diagnosis(year) (${\beta}=.30$, p=.003). The regression model explained approximately 17.3 % of disease related knowledge. Conclusion: The findings recommend that nurses have to improve health related knowledge of patients with congestive heart failure by considering severity and duration of disease diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2012.07a
• /
• pp.35-38
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 경추 초음파 DICOM 영상에서 심부 경부 굴곡근의 하단 후보 경계선을 이용하여 경추가 위치하는 후보 영역을 추출한다. 추출한 경추 후보 영역에 퍼지 시그마 이진화 기법을 적용하여 경추 객체를 추출한다. 심부 경부 굴곡근의 두께를 측정하기 위한 측정 기준점을 정확하게 추출하기 위해 심부 경부 굴곡근의 하단 경계선의 위치 정보를 이용하여 심부 경부 굴곡근내의 지방이 경추 객체로 추출되는 문제점을 개선하고, 개선된 영상에서 경추 객체들이 가진 픽셀 좌표를 이용하여 측정 기준점을 설정한다. 그 후, 객체들의 위치 정보를 이용하여 측정 기준점을 다시 설정한다. 심부 경부 굴곡근 영역과 측정 기준점을 이용하여 심부 경부 굴곡근의 두께를 측정한다. 제안된 방법을 경추 초음파 DICOM 영상에 적용하여 심부 경부 굴곡근의 두께를 측정한 결과, 기존의 심부 경부 굴곡근 두께 측정 방법보다 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2009

In this paper, a deep-heating stimulation system and protocol were designed to substitute the heat effect of moxibustion. Moxibustion is used to increase immunity and cure disease. But, it is difficult to control power of heat stimulation. A designed deep-heating stimulation system using Radio-Frequency(RF) is easy to control power of heat stimulation. Also, the stimulation protocol for substitution of the heat effect of moxibustion is proposed. Core temperature was applied to infrared camera, thermometer, and infrared sensor, and then was compared with that of moxibustion. The proposed system showed that it is more effective than moxibustion in transferring heat effect in such a deep part. Also, it shows the possibility of usefulness of deep-heating stimulation system and heat stimulation protocol.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.583-586
• /
• 2003

부산 동래지역 지열수에 대한 지화학적 진화과정을 밝히기 위하여 지열수, 지하수 및 해수에 대한 수리화학 특성과 이들의 연관성을 고찰하였다. 또한 심부환경에서의 지화학 특성을 규명하기 위하여 각종 이온지질온도계와 다성분 지질온도계를 적용하였으며, 동위원소특성과 함께 지화학 모델링을 통하여 심부환경에서의 온천수의 지화학특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 동래 지열수의 수리화학적 특성은 해수의 영향을 받아 높은 이온함량을 보이며 Na-Cl형을 보여준다. 지열수는 주변 지하수와의 크게 혼합된 양상을 나타낸다. 지화학 모델링에 따르면 지열수는 심부에서 약 5% 영향을 받은 것으로 추정된다. 즉, 심부로 순환하는 지열수가 해수와 혼합되며, 이들이 지열에 의해 가열되면서 광물의 용해 및 침전, 이온 교환반응 등 물-암석 반응을 거치면서 심부지열수를 형성하였으며, 지열수가 천부환경으로 상승하는 과정에서 동래지역 주변 천부지하수와 다양하게 혼합되면서 현재 동래온천수의 화학조성을 갖는 온천수를 형성하는 것으로 지열수의 진화 과정을 설명할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2002.09a
• /
• pp.335-338
• /
• 2002

방사성폐기물처분연구의 일환으로 화강암지역내 심부지하수에 대한 지화학특성조사가 수행되었다. 지하수 시료는 다중패커시스템이 설치된 심부시추공으로부터 심도별로 채취되었으며, 계속적인 지화학 및 동위원소에 대한 모니터링이 진행되고 있다. 심부지하수는 pH가 약10.0이며 Na-HCO$_3$형으로 지화학적으로 특징되며, 지표로 250m이하의 심도에서는 거의 동일한 지화학적 특성을 보인다. 동위원소결과는 심부지하수는 천수기원임을 보이며, 천부지하수에 비해 약500~1,000m 높은 고도에서 함양되었음을 보여준다. 250m이하의 심부지하수는 50년이상의 체류시간을 갖음을 나타낸다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.520-523
• /
• 2003

강원도 지역의 대표적인 탄산용출수에 대한 수리지구화학적 연구를 통하여 심부 지열 저장지의 온도와 심부환경을 추정하였다. 탄산용출수는 공통적으로 약산성의 pH와 높은 이온함량으로 특징되지만, 화학적으로는 Na-HCO$_3$형, Ca-Na-HCO$_3$형, 그리고 Ca-HCO$_3$형으로 뚜렷이 구분된다. 심부에서 생성된 탄산용출수가 지표로 상승하는 도중에 수반된 지표수 혼합차이로 인해 이런 화학조성의 차이가 유발된 것으로 판단된다. Na-HCO$_3$형 탄산수는 화학 조성상 ‘mature water’의 특징을 보여주는 반면, 다른 두 유형의 탄산수들은 ‘immature water’에 해당하였다. Na-HCO$_3$ 형 탄산수에 대하여 실리카, Na-K 및 Na-K-Ca 지온계를 적용한 결과, 약 l15-157도의 심부저장지 온도가 산출되었으며, 이 결과는 다성분 평형계를 이용한 추정 온도 (약 140-160도)와도 잘 일치하였다. 반면, Ca-HCO$_3$ 형 탄산수들은 지표수와의 혼합 때문에 상대적으로 낮고 넓은 범위의 추정 온도 (약 60-130도)를 나타내었다. 따라서 연구지역 내 탄산용출수의 심부저장지 온도는 Na-HCO$_3$형에 대해서만 타당하게 적용될 수 있으며, 약 140-160도일 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.491-505
• /
• 2018

As an alternative to deep geological disposal technology, which is considered as a reference concept, the domestic applicability of deep borehole disposal technology for high level radioactive waste, including spent fuel, has been preliminarily evaluated. Usually, the environment of deep borehole disposal, at a depth of 3 to 5 km, has more stable geological and geo-hydrological conditions. For this purpose, the characteristics of rock distribution in the domestic area were analyzed and drilling and investigation technologies for deep boreholes with large diameter were evaluated. Based on the results of these analyses, design criteria and requirements for the deep borehole disposal system were reviewed, and preliminary reference concept for a deep borehole disposal system, including disposal container and sealing system meeting the criteria and requirements, was developed. Subsequently, various performance assessments, including thermal stability analysis of the system and simulation of the disposal process, were performed in a 3D graphic disposal environment. With these analysis results, the preliminary evaluation of the domestic applicability of the deep borehole disposal system was performed from various points of view. In summary, due to disposal depth and simplicity, the deep borehole disposal system should bring many safety and economic benefits. However, to reduce uncertainty and to obtain the assent of the regulatory authority, an in-situ demonstration of this technology should be carried out. The current results can be used as input to establish a national high-level radioactive waste management policy. In addition, they may be provided as basic information necessary for stakeholders interested in deep borehole disposal technology.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.422-427
• /
• 1999

Background: Tachycardia induced heart failure model would be the model of choice for the dilated cardiomyopathy. This more closely resembles the clinical syndrome and does not require major surgical trauma, myocardial ischemia and pharmacological or toxic depression of cardiac function. When heart failure is progressive, application of new surgical procedures to the faling heart is highly risky. It has been shown that recovery trajectory from heart failure is a new method in decreasing animal mortality. The purpose is to establish the control datas for recovery trajectory in the canine heart failure model. Material and Method: 21 mongrel dogs were studied at 4 stages(baseline, at the heart failure, 4 and 8 weeks after recovery). Heart failure was induced during 4 weeks of continuous rapid pacing using a pacemaker. Eight weeks of trajectory of recovery period was allowed. Indices of left ventricular function and dimension were measured every 2 weeks and the hemodynamics were measured by use of Swan-Ganz catheterization and thermodilution method every 4 weeks. Values were expressed as mean${\pm}$standard deviation. Result: 4(20%) dogs died due to heart failure. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume at the 4 stages were 40.8${\pm}$7.4, 82.1${\pm}$21.1, 59.9${\pm}$7.7 and 46.5${\pm}$6.5ml. Left ventricular end-systolic volume showed the same trend. Ejection fractions were 50.6${\pm}$4.1, 17.5${\pm}$5.8, 36.3${\pm}$7.3, and 41.5${\pm}$2.4%. Blood pressure and heart rate showed no significant changes. Pressures of central vein, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary wedge showed significant increase during the heart failure period, normalizing at the end of recovery period. Stroke volumes were 21.5${\pm}$8.2, 12.3${\pm}$3.5, 17.9${\pm}$4.6, and 15.5${\pm}$3.4ml. Blood norepinephrine level was 133.3${\pm}$60.0pg/dL at the baseline and 479.4${\pm}$327.3pg/dL at the heart failure stage(p=0.008). Conclusion: Development of tachycardia induced heart failure model is of high priority due to ready availability and reasonable amenability to measurements. Recovery trajectory after cessation of tachycardia showed reduction of cardiac dilatation and heart function. Application of new surgical procedures during the recovery period could decrease animal mortality.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) before hip fracture by duplex color Doppler ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: From June 2013 to May 2014, 27 patients who had agreed to perform color Doppler ultrasonography before hip fracture surgery were evaluated for the incidence of DVT. Patients who had history of DVT were excluded. Five patients were men and 19 patients were women. The mean age was 74.3 years old (41-87). There were 15 cases of femoral neck fracture, 11 cases of intertrochanteric fractures and one case of acetabular fracture. Surgical intervention underwent within 48 hours from admission and duplex color Doppler ultrasonography was carried out at the day of admission. Results: DVT occurred in six cases (22.2%). Four cases (14.8%) occurred in proximal deep vein and two cases (7.4%) occurred in distal deep vein. The mean period of immobilization was longer in patients who had DVT. But there was no significant difference. The mean age was 79 years old (75-87) in patients who had DVT and 72 years old (65-86) in patients who had not. There was significant difference (p=0.038). Conclusion: The incidence of DVT which was diagnosed by duplex color Doppler ultrasonography before hip fracture surgery was relatively high (22.2%). So it is necessary to undergo duplex color Doppler ultrasonography more aggressively to rule out DVT before hip fracture surgery.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 2016

Spent fuels from nuclear power plants, as well as high-level radioactive waste from the recycling of spent fuels, should be safely isolated from human environment for an extremely long time. Recently, meaningful studies on the development of deep borehole radioactive waste disposal system in 3-5 km depth have been carried out in USA and some countries in Europe, due to great advance in deep borehole drilling technology. In this paper, domestic deep geoenvironmental characteristics are preliminarily investigated to analyze the applicability of deep borehole disposal technology in Korea. To do this, state-of-the art technologies in USA and some countries in Europe are reviewed, and geological and geothermal data from the deep boreholes for geothermal usage are analyzed. Based on the results on the crystalline rock depth, the geothermal gradient and the spent fuel types generated in Korea, a preliminary deep borehole concept including disposal canister and sealing system, is suggested.