• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.382-395
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• 2017

This study attempted to examine how sexually abused women with intellectual disability living in residential care facilities interact with their environment, such as personal life, family and communities, and to identify contextual characteristics and needs of these women. Qualitative case study method was adopted, and data was collected through individual and intake interviews, participant observation and a survey with 11 participants residing in a residential care facility for sexually abused women with intellectual disability. The results showed that participants struggled with stresses and emotional instability affected by traumatic experiences of sexual abuse. Family was a system that sexual abused took place, while the systems of residential facilities protected them from potential dangers and violence. Work and school systems also provided them opportunities of learning and having dreams in the future. However, the community system which participants would live after discharging from the facility, had risk factors vulnerable to sexual violence against participants. In conclusion, this study suggested diverse services and programs, such as professional psychotherapy programs, integrated support programs for victim and their families and provision of professional care facilities.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

News from the media on sexual assaults to children committed by natural fathers doesn't attract social attention any more. The number of crimes related to Child Sexual Assault(CSA) is increasing every year in spite of the "Special Act on Prevention of Sexual Assault in Korea". The YoungNam District Sunflower Center for prevention of Child Sexual Assaults(SC-CSA) was established in Daegu, June 2005. The YoungNam District SC-CSA provides forensic evaluation of physical evidence, medical and psychological treatment for the victims less than 13 years of sexual assaults simultaneously. This study carried out 36 cases of CSA by kin reported to YoungNam District SC-CSA, among 180 cases in total until December 2006 since its opening. Most of the victims were girls (32 cases). 28 cases (78%) were indecent assaults (78%) and 8 cases (22%) were rapes. The assailants were overwhelmingly males (35 cases). The assailants of 21 cases (58.3%) were identified as the victims' natural fathers. The incident locations were victim's residence (31 cases, 86.1%) and the victims had been sexually assaulted regularly for many years (25 cases, 69.4%). Considering the above research, we can conclude that CSA committed by kin has specific characteristics. CSA is not a one-time incident, but consistently occurring crime. However, in 22 cases (61.1%), the victim's guardian didn't want to report about it or punish the assailants. As the assailants were natural fathers or relatives of the victims, the other family members probably thought it might be shameful to reveal their wrong doings and would lead to defamation of their family's reputation. The SC-CSA provides the counseling and medical treatment to the victims with the consent of the parents. Due to the guardians' misjudgment, the incident is sometimes not reported to the police. By not reporting the incident to the police, the assailant freely commits other crimes, which multiplies victims. The legal Act of supporting the management of the SC-CSA is still not regulated, so the stability of the SC-CSA is not guaranteed, yet. Even though it is obligatory to report incidents to the police, some cases are still not reported. Currently, there are three SC-CSA centers : in Seoul, in Daegu, and in Gwangju. More centers need to be established to diminish CSA cases in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.457-471
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore the in-depth content of vicarious trauma experience of sexual violence counselors and to develop intervention strategy. To this end, depth interviews were conducted with twelve sexual violence counselors working at the sexual violence counseling site for more than three years. In addition, using the concept mapping method, the content exploration of the experience of vicarious trauma of sexual violence counselors was confirmed, and its conceptual structure was identified. As a result, 60 key sentences regarding the experience of vicarious trauma of sexual violence counselors were extracted. Then, multi-dimensional scale and cluster analysis were conducted after making nineteen appraisal participants who are under the same condition as depth interview participants to categorize and assess key sentences. As a result of analysis, the x-axis of negative perception, psychological and emotional dimension, and the y-axis of personal inner and behavioral dimension appeared, and five clusters emerged: immersion and skepticism about work, experience of emotional assimilation, hypersensitivity to sex, increased vigilance against men, and threat of safety. This provided basic data that could categorize and identify the contents of vicarious trauma of sexual violence counselors experience by sexual violence counselors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.657-666
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• 2022

This study was conducted to verify the effect of integrated therapy program on the self-esteem, self-expression, and sexual self-determination of sexually abused women with intellectual disabilities. The subjects of this study were 8 victims who were referred to the Sexual Violence Relief Center for women with intellectual disabilities in K-area. The effectiveness of the program was evaluated to statistical significance though the pre- and post-test using the SPSS Win 25.0 program. The integrated therapy program significantly improved the self-esteem of victims(t=-4.183, p<0.001). Self-expression was significantly improved(t=-5.103, p<0.001). It was also observed that the change in behavior was positively reinforced in the sexual self-determination(t=-26.346, p<0.001). The results of this study suggest that integrated therapy program should be actively used for psychological and emotional healing of sexual assault victims with intellectual disabilities.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

This study analyzed the use of expert reports in the investigations and trials of cases of sexual violence against people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 670 alleged sexual assault cases against victims with intellectual disabilities were analyzed. Results showed that 97.5% of the cases included at least one expert report. In most cases(91%), the expert reports of statement validity assessment were included. Additionally, doctor's note (41.1%) from obstetricians and Psychiatrists, intermediary reports(36%), and expert witnesses(psychologists') reports (9.5%) were included. In 80 cases (44.4%) of the 180 cases in which a victim' statement credibility was in question during the trial, judges cited the expert's reports of statement validity assessment as the basis for the judgment on the reliability of the victims' accusation. The frequency of citing the report was higher when the victim was under the age of 13, or when the defendant was found guilty. Regrading the report content, the evaluations of criteria-based content analysis(CBCA) was most frequently cited, while the victim's psychological status, cognitive limitation, as well as possibile contamination of victim's account, were also mentioned in the ruling statements. Results showed agreement between experts' statement validity assessments and judges' determinations in 79 cases out of the 80 cases Finally, this study discussed ways to utilize expert options.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2022

In order to identify the factors and problems in which military sexual violence is a continuous and repeated blind spot, this study conducted a content analysis focusing on articles of military sexual violence incidents covered in Internet news from January 2010 to June 15, 2021. carried out. As a result of the study, structurally unequal power relations, authoritarian and closed military organizational culture, internal military response system that is distrustful of passive responses to sexual violence, and enveloping family-friendly investigations and tolerant punishment of perpetrators are blind spots despite the Ministry of National Defense's efforts to improve. factors that exist. Underlying this, the compensatory spirit caused by the conscription system and the negative effects of the patriarchal system are embodied in the national sentiment, suggesting that the sense of crisis of division and an overly permissive attitude toward the military act as a factor that slows change. As an improvement plan according to the results, it is necessary to entail the establishment of a civilian-centered judicial institution, strong punishment of perpetrators, and limited pension payment, as well as honorable punishment such as 'class demotion' in the military culture with a clear hierarchical relationship. Taken together, we can see that most military sexual violence is caused by a hierarchy, and it strongly suggests that the main cause of sexual violence is unequal power relations.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

Objectives : The goals of the study are how to establish the cohort systems for the children and adolescents victims with sexual abuse in Korea and to identify the risk and protective factors that influence mental health in child sexual abuse (CSA). This is initial assessment data based on the analysis of cohort variables for baseline evaluation of subjects. Methods : We constructed the cohort systems for CSA victims recruited by Seoul Sunflower Children Center, CSA victims protection center. The initial assessment data which consisted of demographic and psychological inventories of CSA victims and their parents/families, psychiatric diagnoses were the results of statistical analysis of 65 subjects under 19 years old for 3 years 7 months. Results : The initial data were followings : female participants, N=56; mean age, 11.6 (SD=4.5); the most sexual assault, molestation 71.8%; victims, family and acquaintance 87.1%; 61.5% of the subjects diagnosed with psychiatric disorder; 29.2% diagnosed with PTSD and 23.1% diagnosed with depression. Mean duration for abuse to report is 1.5 years. Mean score of IES-R-K, TSCYC-avoidant and CBCL-problematic behavior were increased above clinical cut-off. Conclusions : CSA victims tend to have high risks in mental health problem. The cohort study could provide the risk and protective factors of CSA in mental health, and construct the predictive model for mental illness in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.349-361
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• 2016

Considering the recent increase in the number of sexual violence survivors, there is an urgent need to develop content for the training of professional workers to support victims. The purposes of this research are: (1) to investigate the status of existing training programs designed to produce workers to support sexual violence victims; (2) to conduct focus group interviews with 19 workers regarding their training needs; (3) to conduct a national-wide survey with 800 workers; and (4) to carry out a delphi study with 20 sexual violence professionals in regard to the topics and methods of training. According to the survey of practice workers, the areas of greatest need include the understanding of client characteristics, multidisciplinary approaches in training, and strengthening of basic training. The delphi study of professionals revealed the need for counseling skills, understanding the psychology of sexual violence victims, and skills to provide emotional support for victims. Based on these findings, this research suggests training content designed to provide support services customized to the types and characteristics of individual survivors.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 2021

Many survivors of sexual violence disclose their experience to others. When they receive negative social reactions, this can be a traumatic event for the survivor where their trust towards others is violated and can cause posttraumatic cognitions and depression. Likewise, institutional betrayal, or negative reactions from trusted institutions regarding the disclosure of sexual victimization can be a traumatic event for the survivor and is associated with depression as well. However, studies investigating the mechanism underlying the relationship between institutional betrayal and depression is yet limited. Therefore, based on cognitive behavioral theory (CBT), which is known as the most effective approach to date for understanding and treating posttraumatic symptoms, this study examined if posttraumatic cognitions mediate the relationship between institutional betrayal and depression. Questionnaires were administered to 462 women who had experienced institutional betrayal to their sexual victimization. Results showed that institutional betrayal had an effect on depression only through negative cognitions about the self and world. This suggests the importance of identifying and treating trauma-related cognitions in order to prevent or cure depression of those who had experienced institutional betrayal to their sexual victimization. Limitations and implications of this study are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2017

Objectives : This study analyzed psychological aftereffects and made comparisons between victims who were either sexually assaulted or molested using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2(MMPI-2). Methods : The participants were adult women who visited the Busan Smile Center within 6 months following sexual assault. This study categorized the participants according to types of sexual violence and then identified their social demographic features and characteristics. Student's t-tests were carried out to compare the MMPI-2 results between the sexually assaulted group and sexually molested group. Chi-square tests were also conducted to compare between participants who scored above 65T. Results : Among the 55 participants, 32 were sexually assaulted; 23 were sexually molested. Significant differences between the two groups were found in the following scales: F, F(B), F(P), Pt, Sc, Ma, RC6 and PSYC. Moreover, the number of participants with higher scores in the Pa, Pt, Sc, RC6, and PSYC scales in the sexually assaulted group was significantly higher than in the sexually molested group. Conclusions : Both groups of victims may commonly suffer beyond the moderate level of depression and anxiety in the post-case term. In addition, the sexually assaulted group seems to suffer relatively more from panic and psychological pain than the sexually molested group does.