• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.195-216
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• 1999

Adolescents whose families receive public assistance are primary interest in the article because they experience disproportionate shares of the burden of poverty and psychosocial stress and are at substantially high risk. To explain the psychosocial stresses of high-risk adolescents in poverty, this study analyzed the inter-relations and interactions of major variables: 1) stress related life condition, 2)individual & environmental resources, 3) emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment. Data came from the survey of 351 students living in the families receiving public assistance. The major findings were as follows. High-risk adolescents in poverty suffered from chronic stresses related life conditions, including family environmental stress, financial & medical stress and stigmatic stress. As the effects of stress increased, depression/anxiety and delinquency of poor youth increased. The psychosocial adjustment of poor youth at risk was most effected by the stress resulted from family environment. Though they were suffered from stresses related poor environment, adolescents in poverty adjusted well, if they had individual and environmental resources including self-esteem democratic parenting and supportive school climate. In conclusion, this study confirmed that emotional, behavioral, and academic adjustment of adolescents in poverty was affected by various stresses from life conditions and individual and environmental resources. In order to improve adjustment of poor youth at risk, life conditions have to be improved and psychosocial resources to be increased. These findings have provided practical implications for social workers helping high-risk adolescents in poverty.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.6_2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2015

The key objective of terrorism is to create favorable conditions for certain political, ideological, or religious interests through deliberate social chaos and the spread of fear. Accordingly, terrorist groups rally the means and methods capable of spreading fear among the public through shocking violence. Consequently, as terrorism manifests the progress in modern civilization and the structure of international community, its concepts, means, and methods evolve organically with the progress. The characteristics of the modern terrorism include that it has evolved as a means of war against countries by non-state militant groups, and suicide terrorism is spreading like epidemic as it fits the strategies of Islamic extremist and terrorist organizations as a part of international politics based on terrorism. The humanity's efforts to eliminate the threat of terrorism led to decades of implementing premature policies of military force, but they were found ineffective and resulted in the spread of extreme threat of suicide terrorism. For prevention of suicide terrorism, the efforts must be made to dismantle the basis of suicide attacks through addressing religious alienation and antipathy against a civilization using the notions similar to treatment of pathology considering psychological motives of suicide terrorists.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.598-617
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• 2020

In many enterprises, the extent and the frequency of damages incurred due to the unethical behavior of the members of the organization have not reduced, but rather the magnitude and frequency of damages have been increasing. Research at an organizational level is necessary at this point in time, to investigate the contributing variables that cause this unethical behavior, the measures to manage them, and the control variables that can reduce unethical pro-organizational behavior. Therefore, this study seeks to explore perceived organizational support and psychological entitlement as leading factors of unethical pro-organizational behavior, based on the theory of social exchange, and to examine the reaction mechanism between these variables. This is particularly because a large number of the current labor force belongs to the millennial generation (born after 1978) or Generation Y, and their sense of psychological entitlement has been problematic in their organization. The effect of perceived organizational support on unethical pro-organizational behavior and the effect of psychological entitlement on unethical pro-organizational behavior were examined through a review of existing literature, and an empirical analysis was conducted to investigate the moderating effects of psychological entitlement on perceived organizational support and unethical pro-organizational behavior. A regression analysis was conducted based on the valid data of 185 members of an organization who belong to the millennial generation, and the analysis results showed that a sense of psychological entitlement had a moderating effect between perceived organizational support and unethical pro-organizational behavior. Based on these findings, this paper proposes theoretical and practical implications for unethical pro-organizational behavior and psychological entitlement, and hopes to contribute to expanding research in this area.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.103-135
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• 2010

미국사회는 미혼모들의 문제를 개인적 뿐만 아니라 사회적 그리고 국가적 문제로 인식하므로 이들을 위한 다양한 사회복지 정책과 서비스, 그리고 프로그램들을 제공하여 이들이 스스로 자활할 수 있는 토대를 마련하여 왔다. 특히 십대미혼모들은 학교를 중퇴하고 직업을 갖지 못하며 빈곤한 환경에서 아이를 키우기 때문에 심리적 정신적으로 불안한 상태에 있다. 이들에 대한 서비스는 국가적으로 미혼모뿐만 아니라 어린아이들까지도 돌보는 것으로 가정과 사회의 안정을 가져오며 인적자원을 잘 보존하는 것이다. 한국의 경우도 현대화/산업화된 사회로 발전하며 청소년들의 문제가 특히나 십대 미혼모의 문제가 사회적으로 이슈화되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 미국의 상황을 분석하고 미국의 복지 정책, 프로그램, 자원봉사자들을 이용한 서비스들을 살펴보고 한국에 적용 가능한 복지프로그램과 지원서비스를 제안하고자 한다. 미국의 미혼모를 위한 대안 학교차원의 교육/직업훈련/부모교육 등과 가족지원프로그램은 미혼모뿐만 아니라 사회와 가족이 모두 혜택을 받을 수 있는 서비스며 프로그램이므로 한국사회에 적용하면 효율적으로 미혼모들의 어려움과 사회문제를 해결 할 수 있다고 본다. 또한 자원봉사의 서비스 체계가 미혼모를 위한 사회복지 프로그램 등에 적극적으로 활용되면 미혼모들은 믿고 따를 수 있는 롤 모델을 갖게 되며 국가적으로는 인력의 활용과 자원 절약의 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.617-636
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• 2023

The goal of this study was to explain the phenomenon of making efforts to overcome the need-reality collision as a cultural characteristic of Koreans. Specifically, we examined whether the behavior varies depending on the degree of relational agency in the situation where conflicts between one's needs and reality have occurred. To this end, a total of 217 participants participated in the online experiment, and the data of 156 participants were finally analyzed. After responding to the relational agency scale, the participants were exposed to a decision-making scenario in which conflicting factors existed. The scenario were about buying a house and making a wedding hall contract, and in each scenario, two important values were set to conflict with each other in the market. Participants read the scenario and entered the level they wanted for each value. After that, they encounter a situation in which he or she has not found the candidate site corresponding to the level he or she wants. Then, the participants responded to their willingness to make additional efforts themselves. As a result of the study, the degree of relational agency of the participants showed a positive relationship with the degree of additional effort. In addition, the degree of the desired level beyond the reality (expectancy discrepancy) showed a nonlinear (reverse U-shape) influence on the additional effort while controlling for individual difference. Furthermore, the interaction effect between relational agency and expectancy discrepancy was significant. Specifically, individuals with low agency did not have a significant relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable, but individuals with high relational agency had a significant non-linear relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable. Based on the results of the study, the role and function of Koreans' psychological characteristics (relational agency) in the scene of managing needs-reality collision were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.83-95
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spatial-erceptual ability and several aspects of driving-related situation awareness(in particular, recognition and prediction). Video clips of real driving were used in both recognition and prediction tasks, and the digit calculation task during driving the simulator was required as the integration task of recognition and prediction. The results showed that the subjects of higher spatial-perceptual ability performed better in recognition task, especially in terms of sensitivity measured in d'(as signal detection theory), prediction task, and digits calculation performance than those of lower spatial-perceptual ability.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.249-277
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• 2019

This study examined the involuntary retirement of executives in conglomerates based on Williams' need-threat temporal model of ostracism(2009), which explains the psychology of individuals facing social exclusion in the stages of reflexive, reflective and resignation. In-depth interviews were conducted on 15 retirees from conglomerates, and their contents were used for phenomenological method of analysis. As a result, in the reflexive stage of need-threat temporal model of ostracism, they experienced cognitive panic and emotional panic immediately following retirement. Due to an unexpected shocking experience of retirement notice, they experienced cognitive numbness first, and repressed the following negative feelings cognitively to hide them. In the reflective stage, retirees dream of 'a complete restoration to their best performance in the past', but as such expectation fails, they don't adjust to the reality more due to 'unrealistic thought', 'self-deception', and 'shift responsibility'. In resignation stage, a long-term failure to satisfy the desire led them to experience a sense of defeat and helplessness. Such results were reviewed and compared to Williams' need-threat temporal model of ostracism, and the implications of such result on the nation, companies and retirees in terms of the response to retirement.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-98
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• 2013

This article aims to provide an overall picture of the applications of serious games for social changes. Our main goals are to show that game has great potential in delivering messages for social changes and to suggest guidelines for researchers and game developers in designing related games. We synthesized the key concepts of games for change that make them promising through literature reviews and analyzing game lists for social changes. Based on the theoretical investigations, we found that both role-taking and simulation of games are powerful ways not only to influence attitudes toward the other side but also to bring out empathy as psychological mechanism to draw attitude changes and altruistic actions associated with social or political issues.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.163-173
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• 2007

As present generation live in the age of feeling after been through age of need or age of want, we analyzed Signification based on consumer psychology, sociocultural variation. Based on above, we first built basic modeling from a regular triangle by $\sqrt{3}$ proportion and then approached to substantial modeling of products that enable us to distribute and sell. Furthermore, we built recycle modeling which enables us to create a variety of forms with joy after using products. This means a lot to us in terms of package modeling creation from sans code. Besides, we studied on not only materialistic or functional value of package modeling, but also appropriate semiotics that enable psychological and sociocultural function of package modeling to respond to consumer identity.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.507-528
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• 2009

Coping and defense are similar psychological mechanisms to reduce stress response, but they are regarded as distinct from each other. Defense involved distortions of reality, but coping was used for strategies associated with accepting the true nature of the situation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the coping and defense features of the North Korean Defectors in the Rorschach test. The subjects were then categorized into four groups based on their birth place and gender: Male North Korean defectors( N=16), female North Korean defectors(N=28), male South Koreans(N=17), and female South Koreans(N=25). All subjects were individually administered the Rorschach test, and protocols were scored according to the Exner(2003)'s Rorschach Comprehensive systems. Coping or defense-related Rorschach variables were selected for analysis: EA, CDI, Adj D, EB style, Lamda, Zd, X-%, Xu%, W:Dd:D, P, reaction time, and other behavior characteristics during the testing. Compared with other groups, female North Korean defectors were more likely to show poor coping resources(low EA), adjustment difficulties(Adj D), and distortions of reality(high X-%). They also demonstrated more 'don't know' responses and more delayed responses than other groups. These findings suggest that poor coping resources make female North Korean defectors more vulnerable to stress, and psychological intervention such as social skills training may help them settle successfully in south Korea. Limitations of the current study and implications for future research were discussed.