• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.351-359
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• 2009

Nowadays, a precision multiple-beam epoch sounder is a depth-sounding apparatus, which is widely used especially for the mapping of bottom of the sea in the coastal area and the bed of river. However, there has been no attempt to verify the accuracy of the depth-sounding apparatus with the data obtained through the actual measurement. As a consequence, the efficient and systematic evaluation of the survey results cannot be performed. In this paper, the accuracy of the multiple beam echo sounder is analyzed by comparing the in-situ measurements and reference data. The test results show that the highest level of accuracy, indicated by IHO, can be achieved even though the magnitude of error increases with the depth of water.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.481-487
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• 2009

Purpose : This study investigated the clinical course and prognostic factor of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) with hemodynamically significant congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods : Medical records of 1,098 VLBWI with birth weight <1,500 g who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center from October 1994 to December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. The data for these patients with hemodynamically significant CHD (n=33) were compared with those without CHD (n=1,065). Results : The incidence of CHD was 3.0% (33 patients) 7 patients (21%) had CHD combined with the congenital abnormalities or chromosomal disorders. The most common CHD was a ventricular septal defect. The incidence of intrauterine growth retardation was higher in patients with CHD than in patients without CHD (34% vs. 20%), but there were no significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (${\geq}$Gr III), and periventricular leukomalacia. Cardiac surgery was performed on 13 patients (39%). Nine patients received staged operations, and 10 patients received early intervention. The overall mortality in patients who had CHD was higher than in the patients who did not have CHD (27% vs. 16%). In patients with CHD, congenital abnormalities or chromosomal disorders were more important factors for increased mortality (86% vs. 11%) than the degree of complexity of CHD (19% vs. 42%). Conclusion : The most important prognostic factors of VLBWI with CHD are the associated congenital abnormalities or chromosomal disorders.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.536-538
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• 2004

There are still some controversies regarding one stage repair of pectus deformity with congenital heart disease due to probable complications after extensive resection of deformed cartilages. We performed Nuss operation with simul-taneous intracardiac repair in 8 year old patient with pectus excavatum and partial atrioventricular septal defect. The result of operation was satisfactory without prolongation of operation time, bleeding or instability of chest wall.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.27.2-27.2
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• 1998

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1163-1169
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• 2014

As a preliminary study for detection techniques of $CO_2$ gas bubble plumes, we have conducted a comparative experiment on artificially generated $CO_2$ gas bubbles plume by using multibeam echosounder (MBES), single beam echosounder (SBES), and sub-bottom profiler (SBP). The rising speed of artificial gas bubbles is higher than references because of compulsory release of compressed gas in the tank. Compared to single beam acoustic equipments, the MBES detects wide swath coverage. It provides exact determination of the source position and 3D information on the gas bubble plumes in the water column. Therefore, it is shown that MBES can distinctly detect gas bubble plumes compared to single beam acoustic equipments. We can establish more effective complementary detection technique by simultaneous operation of MBES and SBES. Consequently, it contributes to improve qualitative and quantitative detection techniques by understanding the acoustic characteristics of the specific gas bubbles.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.609-614
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of our investigation was to explore the natural course, and the factors that influence the natural course, in ostium secundum atrial septal defect(ASD) diagnosed within the first 4 weeks of life. Methods : We studied patients with ASD diagnosed within the first 4 weeks of life during the period from September 1995 to September 1999 in our hospital. The diagnosis and measuring of the size of ASD was carried out by two-dimensional echocardiogram(2DE, Hewlett-Packard Sonos $2500^{(R)}$) from subcostal long and short axis views. Results : There were 61 patients - 29 males and 32 females. According to the size of their defects, we divided them into four groups; group A(less than 4 mm : 24 cases), group B(four mm-six mm : 27 cases), group C(six mm-eight mm : six cases), group D(more than eight mm : four cases). In groups A and B, 22 of 24 patients(91.7%) and 23 of 27 patients(85.2%) had each closed spontaneously. In group C, four of six patients had closed spontaneously. In group D, no patient had closed spontaneously and three of four patients had been closed surgically. There were significant differences in the rate of spontaneous closure between less than six mm group and more than six mm group in the size of the defect(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the rate of spontaneous closure between ASD combined with simple cardiac defect and isolated secundum ASD. Conclusion : We conclude that defects smaller than six mm in diameter are very likely to close spontaneously.

• 가정의 벗
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• v.33 no.7 s.383
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• pp.18-18
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2022

Due to climate change, temperature is rising worldwide. Since rapid growth has been achieved focused on cities, South Korea is experiencing serious environmental problems such as heat island and air pollution in urban areas. To solve this problem, the central and each local government are actively promoting tree planting campaigns. This study quantitatively calculated changes in green areas and vegetation of Gumi by the tree planting campaign, and analyzed the temperature changes accordingly. For the target area, the green area, vegetation index, and ground temperature were calculated for 4 different time periods using the given Landsat satellite images. As a result of the study, the green area of was increased by 7.24km² and 4.93km² for two regions, respectively. Accordingly, the vegetation index increased by 0.14 to 0.16, and the temperature decreased by 0.8 to 1.2℃. The Tree planting campaign not only plays a role in lowering the temperature of the city but also does various roles such as air purification, carbon absorption, and providing green rest areas to citizens. Therefore the campaign should be carried out continuously.

• 아동간호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.46-53
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• 1996

선천성 심기형 환아의 중환자실 관리를 포함한 술전후 관리를 위하여는 각질환에 대한 해부학적, 혈역학적 욧점을 이해하고, 교정의 내용, 교정후 일어날 수 있는 혈역학적 특징을 간파하여야한다. 그런다음 소아 심장 환아의 중환자 관리상 필요한 각종 지표가 어떤 것들이 있는지 숙지해야하고 이를 바탕으로 시시각각으로 정상 범위를 벗어나려고 하는 각종 지표들을 철저히 감시하여 환아의 상태가 안정권에 돌입할때까지 신속하게 대처하는 것이 중환자 관리 요령이자 목표이다.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.43
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• pp.158-160
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• 1996