• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

The localization compensation algorithm for moving objects using the least-squares method is suggested and the performance of the algorithm is analyzed in this paper. The suggested compensation algorithm measures the distance values of the mobile object moving as a constant speed by the TMVS (TWR Minimum Value Selection) method, estimates the location of the mobile node by the trilateration scheme based on the values, and the estimated location is compensated using the least-squares method. By experiments, it is confirmed that the localization performance of the suggested compensation algorithm is largely improved to 58.84% and 40.28% compared with the conventional trilateration method in the scenario 1 and 2, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2007

Surface cracks in concrete are common defects that can cause significant deterioration and failure of concrete structures. Therefore, the early detection, assessment, and repair of the cracks in concrete are very important for the structural health. Among studies for crack depth assessment, self-calibrating surface wave transmission method seems to be a promising nondestructive technique, though it is still difficult in determination of the crack depth due to the variation of the experimentally obtained transmission functions. In this paper, the spectral energy transmission method is proposed for the crack depth estimation in concrete structures. To verify this method, an experimental study was carried out on a concrete slab with various surface-opening crack depths. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by comparing the conventional time-of-flight and cutting frequency based methods. The results show an excellent potential as a practical and reliable in-situ nondestructive method for the crack depth estimation in concrete structures.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.237-243
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• 2012

In this paper, an atmospheric effect of repetitive measurements of X-band (9.65 GHz) arc-rail type GB-SAR (ArcSAR) system was quantitatively analyzed. Four artificial triangular trihedral corner reflectors as stationary targets for getting stable back scattered signal during 43 hours continually. The results of the analysis showed that the phase of those stationary targets had changed maximum of 5 radian (12.4 mm) and total RMS error had was 1.62 radian (4 mm) during 65 repeated measuring time. The refractive index of air which was calculated using the temperature;humidity and pressure of atmosphere showed very close relationship with the phase difference. We could check the atmospheric correction was fulfilled by the correction of an atmospheric effect using refractive index during the selected 16 hours period showed that RMS error was dropped from 1.74 radian (4.3 mm) to 0.10 radian (0.24 mm).

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.285-294
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• 2006

A numerical formula that presents relationship between a point of a satellite image and its ground position is called a sensor model. For precise geolocation of satellite images, we need an error-free sensor model. However, the sensor model based on GOES ephemeris data has some error, in particular after Image Motion Compensation (IMC) mechanism has been turned off. To solve this problem, we investigated three sensor models: collinearity model, direct linear transform (DLT) model and orbit-based model. We applied matching between GOES images and global coastline database and used successful results as control points. With control points we improved the initial image geolocation accuracy using the three models. We compared results from three sensor models. As a result, we showed that the orbit-based model is a suitable sensor model for precise geolocation of GOES-9 Images.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2013

Numerical simulations have been performed for assessment of compressibility correction of two-equation turbulent models suitable for large scale separation flows perturbed by a pintle strokes. Two-equation turbulence models, the low Reynolds k-${\varepsilon}$ and the k-${\omega}$ SST models with or without compressibility correction proposed by Wilcox and Sarkar are evaluated. The detail flow structures are observed and static pressures along nozzle wall are compared with experimental results. Mach disk location and pressure recovery profiles in flow separation region are noticeably distinct between turbulent models of k-${\varepsilon}$ and k-${\omega}$ SST. The compressible effect corrections to those models improve resolving of separation flow behaviors. The compressibility corrections to k-${\varepsilon}$ model have provided very comparable results with test data.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.469-480
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• 2022

To design the crown wall of rubble-mound breakwaters, the horizontal wave load should be available, but determining this load remains difficult. Lee et al. proposed modification factors for Goda's formula for the horizontal wave pressures on acrown wall. The empirical formula by Lee et al. was based on a two-dimensional model test with a relatively narrow armour crest width in front of the crown wall. In this study, a series of experiments at the same facility were conducted on the horizontal wave pressures on the crown wall of a rubble-mound breakwater with a wide armour crest width. As a result, the pressures of the unprotected part of the crown wall were nearly identical to the narrow crest width. However, the pressures of the protected part tended to decrease with a change in the armour crest width. From the experimental results, the horizontal pressure modification factors of Goda's formula including the armour crest width effect are suggested here and are likely applicable to practical designs of the crown walls of rubble-mound breakwaters covered with tetrapods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.484-489
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• 2004

경사식 방파제에 대하여 수리모형실험을 통하여 방파제의 전사면과 저면에 작용하는 파압을 직접 측정하여 파압의 공간적 분포를 파악하여 보았다. 실험의 길과는 기존의 경사식 방파제에 대하여 파압에 대한 연구는 거의 없기 때문에 Goda(1989, 2002)가 제시한 전사면에 대한 이론식과 비교하여 보았다. 실험은 특정적으로 제시된 방파제 단면에 대한 실험이 아니고, 가상적인 단면을 선정한 후 파랑 및 수심 등의 제조건을 감안하여 파형경사를 산정하고, 이애 맞는 파고와 주기를 산정한 후 제반 해안수리학적 특성중 반사율과 처오름 높이, 사면 및 저면에 작용하는 파압을 직접 측정하여 보았다. 실험결과 전사면에서의 파압 분포는 Goda의 이론식과 경향은 비슷하나 크기는 차이가 나이에 대한 보정은 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 저면에서의 파압도 측정이 되었지만 이것이 지반지지력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지는 좀 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.439-445
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• 2021

Low-cost, ultra-high-speed cameras, made possible by the development of image sensors and small displays, can be very useful in image processing and pattern recognition. This paper introduces an algorithm that corrects irregular lighting from a high-speed image that is continuously input with a slight time interval, and which then obtains an exposed skin color region that is the area of interest in a person from the corrected image. In this study, the non-uniform lighting effect from a received high-speed image is first corrected using a frame blending technique. Then, the region of interest is robustly obtained from the input high-speed color image by applying an elliptical skin color distribution model generated from iterative learning in advance. Experimental results show that the approach presented in this paper corrects illumination in various types of color images, and then accurately acquires the region of interest. The algorithm proposed in this study is expected to be useful in various types of practical applications related to image recognition, such as face recognition and tracking, lighting correction, and video indexing and retrieval.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.9C
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• pp.859-868
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• 2006

H.264에서 다중참조 프레임을 사용한 움직임 예측 방법은 단일 참조프레임을 이용한 움직임 예측보다 더 많은 시간적 중복성을 제거하여 부호화 효율을 높이거나 채널에러에 강인하게 부호화하기 위해 사용된다. 하지만 다중 참조 프레임을 이용하여 움직임 예측을 하는 것은 단일의 참조 프레임을 이용하는 것보다 많은 계산량을 요구하기 때문에 비디오 인코더의 복잡도를 증가시키게 된다. 본 논문에서는 다중참조 프레임을 사용한 움직임 예측을 화질 열화 없이 적은 복잡도로서 가능하게 하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 움직임 예측 절차의 복잡도를 줄이기 위해, 제안한 알고리즘에서는 연속되는 프레임 사이에 구성된 움직임 벡터맵을 이용하여 움직임벡터를 추정한다. 제안한 방식은 추정된 움직임벡터를 작은 탐색영역에서 보정하는 방식을 적용하기 때문에 기존의 방식들에 비해 적은 복잡도가 요구된다. 제안된 방법으로 추정된 움직임벡터는 각 참조프레임들에 대해 최적의 움직임 벡터를 효과적으로 추적하기 때문에 부호화 된 영상의 화질은 전 탐색영역 움직임 예측 알고리즘을 이용한 결과와 매우 비슷하다. 제안된 방식은 세가지 단계로 구성된다. (a) 연속되는 두 개의 프레임 사이에 벡터맵을 구성한다. (b) 벡터맵에 있는 요소벡터를 이용하여 시간적 움직임 벡터를 구성한다. (c) 마지막으로, 임시 움직임 벡터를 좁은 탐색영역에서 보정한다. 컴퓨터 실험을 통해 제안된 방식의 효율성을 입증하였다. 제안된 방식과 기존의 방식들과의 비교를 위해 H.264 부호화기에서 움직임 예측 모듈에 의해 소비된 CPU 시간을 측정하였다. 컴퓨터 실험을 통해 알 수 있듯이 제안된 방식에 의해 부호화된 영상의 화질은 기존 방식과 을 통해 얻은 영상화질과 거의 같으면서 알고리즘 복잡도는 크게 줄어드는 것을 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

We propose a new scheme combining the calibration of the path imperfections and the compensation of HPA nonlinearity in the downlink OFDM smart antenna systems. We use a two term third-order polynomial (without second-order term) and the indirect learning architecture for calibration and compensation, to make each path of the antenna array have equal characteristics. We test our scheme with computer simulations. The result shows that, with the addition of only one third-order term, the adverse nonlinear effects as well as the those of linear imperfections can be effectively compensated.