• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2021

The treatment of plated wastewater is subject to various and complex processes depending on the pH, heavy metal, and cyanide content of the wastewater. Alkali chlorine treatment using NaOCl is commonly used for cyanide treatment. However, if ammonia and cyanide are present simultaneously, NaOCl is consumed excessively to treat ammonia. To solve this problem, this study investigated 1) the consumption of NaOCl according to ammonia concentration in the alkaline chlorine method and 2) whether ferrate (VI) could selectively treat the cyanide. Experiments using simulated wastewater showed that the higher the ammonia concentration, the lower the cyanide removal rate, and the linear increase in NaOCl consumption according to the ammonia concentration. Removal of cyanide using ferrate (VI) confirmed the removal of cyanide regardless of ammonia concentration. Moreover, the removal rate of ammonia was low, so it was confirmed that the ferrate (VI) selectively eliminated the cyanide. The cyanide removal efficiency of ferrate (VI) was higher with lower pH and showed more than 99% regardless of the ferrate (VI) injection amount. The actual application to plated wastewater showed a high removal ratio of over 99% when the input mole ratio of ferrate (VI) and cyanide was 1:1, consistent with the molarity of the stoichiometry reaction method, which selectively removes cyanide from actual wastewater containing ammonia and other pollutants like the result of simulated wastewater.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.517-534
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• 2017

This paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) middleware called Middleware for Cooperative Interaction of Things (MinT). MinT supports a fully distributed IoT environment in which IoT devices directly connect to peripheral devices, easily constructing a local or global network and sharing their data in an energy efficient manner. MinT provides a sensor abstract layer, a system layer and an interaction layer. These layers enable integrated sensing device operations, efficient resource management, and interconnection between peripheral IoT devices. In addition, MinT provides a high-level API, allowing easy development of IoT devices by developers. We aim to enhance the energy efficiency and performance of IoT devices through the performance improvements offered by MinT resource management and request processing. The experimental results show that the average request rate increased by 25% compared to existing middlewares, average response times decreased by 90% when resource management was used, and power consumption decreased by up to 68%. Finally, the proposed platform can reduce the latency and power consumption of IoT devices.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.445-452
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• 2024

Through the pandemic, the topography of dining culture is rapidly changing due to the advancement of the food delivery market. Competition in the domestic market is intensifying as Coupang Eats recently surpassed Yogiyo and jumped to second place, and Baedal Minjok(Baemin), the industry's No. 1 company, is also preparing to introduce a subscription system. While the growth of the delivery market is slowing, the use of takeout and pick-up services is increasing due to rising delivery costs and food prices. From Generation Z's perspective, the main factors influencing the active use of app services were identified through prior research as usability and convenience, cost sensitivity, and hedonic motivation. While, they are leading the trend of minimizing spending through 'stepping stone consumption' and delivery pot process instead of choosing a subscription system. Accordingly, we aim to provide customers with a better experience and help strengthen competitiveness by proposing ways to improve and revitalize new delivery apps that reflect the characteristics of Gen.Z. As a result of the expert Delphi survey, we will receive impact evaluation scores in the following order: direct view of accumulated discounts, addition of family benefits, coupon reinforcement, SNS promotion, pick-up walk, in-store promotion, and discount rate display, and review their application to practice. It presents academic and policy implications regarding the food tech market.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.762-767
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• 2015

An Internet of Things (IoT) is a system where various "things" are connected to each other via a wired/wireless network, and where information is gathered, processed, and interchanged/shared. One of the important actors in IoT is a mobile IoT device (such as a smartphone or tablet). These devices tend to consume a large amount of power in order to provide various high performance application services; however, as the devices cannot be supplied with power all the time, efficient power management is necessary. Power management of mobile IoT devices involves complex relationships between various entities such as application processors (APs), HW modules inside/outside AP, operating systems, mobile IoT platforms, and applications. In order to develop power-efficient mobile IoT devices, a method is needed to systematically analyze these relationships and manage power based on a clear understanding of them. To address this problem, software engineering principles for the development of power-efficient mobile IoT devices are presented in this paper. The feasibility of the proposed principles have been validated in the domain of smartphone camera power management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.40-52
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• 2018

Media can be considered as a type of play for kids in this new media era. Researches on media content for kids have mainly focused on educational effect or specific features such as design, but a great deal of kids content is created for fun and enjoyment. This study analyzes fun factors of the most popular kids content on Youtube: Kongsuni and Friends, Carrie and Toys, and Pinkfong. The result shows that seven fun factors can be grouped into three categories; 1) Self-determination and independence are related to the media environment; 2) Sensuous vividness, empathy, and physical dynamic are related to the content; 3) Self-expression and social interaction are related to associated activities. This study extends our perspective on kids content by analyzing fun factors in the comprehensive process of media consumption.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• no.62
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

1856년 7월7일 영국에서 에드워드 찰스 힐리 와 에드워드 엘리스 알렌(Edward Charles Healey & Edward Ellis Allen)에 의해 골판지가 처음 발명되었고, 15년후인 1871년12월19일에 현재의 골판지상자 형태의 특허가 미국의 알버트. L. 존스(Albert. L.Jones)에게 취득된지 130여년이상이 지난 이 시대에는 실로 다양한 분야에서 골판지를 사용하고 있지만, 주 사용분야는 포장산업의 분야이다. 과거에는 포장의 주목적은 첫째 포장 내용물(상품)의 보호 둘째 상품의 운송과 적재 및 취급의 편리성 셋째 상품 구매동기 유발의 순서이었으나 최근에는 첫째와 둘째의 목적은 필수불가결한 것이고 세번째의 상품 구매동기 유발의 목적에 더 큰 비중이 있는 추세이다. 따라서 포장재의 규격은 생산자의 입장에서는 보다 단순해지고 규격화 되는 것이 생산코스트의 절감과 생산성향상의 지름길이지만(그러나 더욱 복잡해지고 비규격화 되는 것이 제품 부가가치가 더 높을 수도 있기 때문에 여기에는 보다 신중한 판단이 필요하다.) 각종 통신기술, 인터넷과 I.T산업의 발달과 더불어 소비자가 언제라도 상품의 다양한 정보에 쉽게 접할 수있는 이 시대에는 다양한 소비계층의 NEED를 모두 만족시켜 줄려고 하는 상품 개발자의 제품설계 및 개발과 판매전략에 의해 더욱 더 상품은 다양해지고 있다.(필자의 판단으로는 앞으로 보다 더 다양해지고 복잡해지고 있는 추세이다.) 즉 다시말하면 이러한 다양한 형태의 포장재의 변화를 수용하여, 가장 높은 가격경쟁력으로, 적시에 가장빠르게 생산하여 공급할 수있는 능력을 갖춘 포장재 제조업자만이 미래에는 적자생존 할 수있다는 결론이다. 더욱이 우리나라의 현실은 대한민국 골판지 포장산업의 특성상 세계적으로 유래가 없는 적은 판매마진(과도한 출혈경쟁으로 인함)으로 인하여, 생산설비만 계속 증설하여 생산량과 규모에 의한 경제성 만으로 수치채산성을 맞추는 형태로 발전하여 왔기 때문에, 각 골판지 생산공장의 수익성은 악화일로로 치닫고 있는 실정이다. 즉 아주 적은 규모의 공장이나 아니면 많은 자금력을 이용한 대형공장만이 수익성을 유지하고 있는 것처럼 보인다.(지금과 같이 시장의 성장이 없는 골판지시징에서 시장의 총규모는 정해진 상태이고, 여기에서 서로 나눠 가지는 형태이므로, 최악의 경우는 어느 한쪽만이 살아 남는 제로섬 게임이 될 수 있으므로, 실제로는 가장 적정한 규모의 공장이 가장수익성이 높다.) 여기에서 필자는 이러한 위기에 처해 있는 우리나라 골판지산업의 생산공장에서 생산성을 저하시켜 제조원가를 높이는 요인들을 살펴보고, 이 요인들 중에서 주된 요인중의 하나인 소로트오다가 더욱 더 많아지고 있는 현실과 다가오는 미래의 상황에 대비해 골판지 공장의 완전자동화(Ubiquitous in Corrugating Factory)에 대비한 가장 효율적인 소로트생산 운영방법에 대해서 집중적으로 이야기 해보고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.177-186
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• 2011

VMD should be shifted from the store for the exhibition to the top selling store, the store that has something people want to buy, the store where people want to visit and the store that is convenient for shopping. To become the top selling store by using VMD to the information design, the primary research has been conducted on the females in Gwangju Metropolitan City by the questionnaire on the propensity to consume and purchase type. The secondary research has been conducted on the females in university who are fashion conscious. The tertiary research, by the questionnaire, has been conducted on the apparel store at the department store in Gwangju Metropolitan City. As a result of the research, it can be said that the best effect of VMD has been shown in the department store, and as the overall problem, it has become obvious that the standardized design was followed without taking advantage of the characteristics of each store.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.915-922
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• 2017

Demand Response Market (DR Market) has risen as one of the key solutions to address the growth and fluctuation of electricity consumptions. In Korea, DR market has been in operation since 2014, where the focus has been mainly on large-scale loads. Small-scale DR market, however, is becoming increasingly important because small power consumers' contribution to the national power consumption has been increasing and because small loads tend to show large fluctuations. Furthermore, small-scale DR can improve social awareness on energy issues which can bring additional impacts. In this paper, we provide the findings from a small-scale consumer DR pilot. The pilot was conducted in the summer of 2016 on over 5,000 small-scale users in Korea, and smartphone applications were used in the pilot. The effectiveness of small-scale DR Market is analyzed and addressed, and the results indicate a promising future of small-scale DR Market.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.71-84
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• 1988

벼 담수 관개 조직에 대한 효율 계산에 있어서 입력은 관개수량과 총 강우량이고 출력은 증발수 및 급유유실의 합이 된다. 그러나 최근에는 입력을 관개수량으로 출력은 증발수 및 급유유실로 부터 유교 우량을 뺀 값으로 정의하고 있다. 비록 후자의 방법이 전자보다는 실제 논 조건에 부합된 계산방법이기는 하지만 아직도 허용침수심 유지에 필요한 관개수량, 각종 생육기에서의 침수심의 변화, 분배방법에 따른 침수심의 차이 등이 고려되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 벼 관개효율 계산의 단순화가 포장관개효율의 정도와 적정도의 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 검사하고 그러한 효과의 크기와 성질을 다음과 같이 2단계로 조사하였다. 첫째, 논에서의 일별물수지조건을 기본으로 하여 관개효율 계산모형이 개발되었으며 이전 효율계산에서 생략된 모든 요인이 고려되었다. 둘째, 개발된 모형을 이용하여 포장관개효율을 계산하고 그 결과를 재래방법으로 계산된 값들과 비교하였다. 본 연구는 아직까지 불충분한 것으로 간주되어 왔던 논 관개조직의 포장관개효율에 대한 몇 가지 흥미 있는 의제를 밝힌 것으로 기본 자료는 1985년 반월관개지구에서 수집된 것을 이용하였다. 1. 계산모형은 포괄적인 것으로 어떤 지방의 수집자료라도 적용할 수 있다. 모형의 계산결과를 볼 때 관개효율과 소비수량 사이에 접근된 경향을 보여줌으로써 모형개발에 잘 충족시켜주고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 2. 모형에서의 계산시간간극은 제한적이지는 않지만 중요하며, 비교분석이 관련된 경우에는 주의하여 문제를 선택해야 한다. 계산결과를 보면 짧은 시간간격이 관개효율이 아주 크거나 작은 기간을 더 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 논의 포장관개효율을 계산함에 있어서 각 관개기의 초기 침수량과 허용 침수심을 무시한 효율계산은 큰 오차를 나타냈다. 반월관개지구에서 주간 포장관개효율은 -58%~16%로 오차범위가 관측되었다. 4. 논의 침수량 및 허용 침수량을 고려한 것과 고려하지 않은 것 사이의 상이성이나 유의적인 관계는 없었다. 그러나 연구 결과에 의하면 전자의 방법이 효율 측정에 있어서 더 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 5. 개발된 모형은 논 관개의 물리적 측면과 관리목표 모두를 고려한 것으로 계산된 효율은 벼, 생육 각 단계에서의 효율 비교에 양호한 방법임을 알 수 있다.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2010

It is very important to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by using their limited energy efficiently, since it is not possible to change or recharge the battery of sensor nodes after deployment. LEACH protocol is a typical routing protocol based on the clustering scheme for the efficient use of limited energy. It is composed of a few clusters, which consist of head nodes and member nodes. Though LEACH starts from the supposition that all nodes have data transferred to a head, there must be some nodes having useless data in actual state. In this paper we propose a power saving scheme by making a member node dormant if previous sensed data and current data is same. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in comparison with original clustering algorithms. Simulation results validate our scheme has better performance in terms of the number of alive nodes as time evolves.