• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

This study was conducted to obtain fundamental information on forage sorghum breeding in forage crop field of Livestock Experiment Station at Suwon from 1986 to 1991. The charcterization of sorghum germplasm was performed through 1986 to 1987, and after parental lines were selected from diverse sorghum germplasm on the basis of flowering date, plant height and several morphological characters for forage sorghum Fl hybrids. The range of variation of 50% flowering date and plant height were greater in order of forage sorghum sudangrass and male sterile line of grain sorghum. The average flowering date was earlier in sudangrass and male sterile line of grain sorghum than forage sorghum lines from the tested sorghum germplasms. And the average plant height was tall in order of forage sorghum, sudangrass and male sterile lines of grain sorghum. There were remarkable morphological variations between sudangrass lines and male sterile lines of grain sorghum such as plant color, leaf midrib color, glume color, seed coat color, head compactness and shape, awns, grain covering and 100 seed weight.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.2262-2275
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• 1971

Fourteenes rervoirs maintained by the local land improvement associations in the province of Chullabuk-Do and 20 reservoir maintained by thos in the province of Chullanam-Do, were surveyed in connection with a correction between storage capacity and sediment deposit. In addition to this survey, 3,347 of small reservoir, that lie scattered around in the above-mentioned two provinces were investigated by using existing two provinces were investigated by using existing records pertaining to storage capacity in the office of City and country, respectively. According to this investigation the following comclusions are derived. 1. A sediment deposition rate is high, being about $10.63m^3/ha$ of drainage area, and resulting in the average decreasc of storage capaity by 27.5%. This high rate of deposition coule be mainly attributed to the serve denudation of forests due to disorderly cuttings of trees. Easpecially, in small reservoir, an original average design storage depth of 197mm in irrigation water depth is decreased to about 140mm. 2. An average unit storage depth of 325.6mm as the time of initial construction is decreased to 226mm at present. This phenomena causes a greater shortage irrigation water, since it was assumed that original storage quantity was already in short. 3. Generally speaking, seepage rates through dam abutment intakepipe, etc, are high due to insufficient maintenance and management of reservoir. 4. It is recommended that sediment deposit should be dredged when a reservoir is dry in drought. 5. Farmers usually waste excessive irrigation water. 6. Water saving methods should be practiced by applying only necessary water for growing stage of rice. 7. In are as where water defficiency for irrigation is severe, a soil moisture content should be kept at about 70% by applying water once in several days. 8. Tube wells should be provided so as to exploit ground water and subsurface current below stream bed as much as possible. 9. If an intake weir was constructed, a water collection well should be built for the use in drought. 10. Water conservation should be forced by converting devastated forests contained in the drainage area of reservoir to protected forests so as to take priority of yrefor estation, gully control, the prohibition of disorderly cutting of trees, etc. 11. Collective rice nurseries should be adopted, and it should be recommended that irrigation water for rice nurseries is supplied by farmer themselves. 12. Sediment desposit in reservoir should be thoroughly dreged so as to secure a original design storage capacity. 13. The structure of overflow weir should be automatic so as to freely control flood level and not to increase dam height.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of seed pre-treatments and pellet coating materials to enhance the efficiency of large-scale propagation of Aster koraiensis seeds were investigated. Seeds were immersed in water for one day, and only those that sank were used for pre-treatment to use filled seeds. Pre-treatments were divided into hormone treatments, with gibberellic acid (GA₃; 200 and 500 ppm) and 24-epibrassinolide (10^-6, 10^-7, and 10^-8M), and priming with potassium nitrate (100 mM of KNO₃). To produce pellet-coated seeds, pellet materials (DTCS or DTK) were applied to control (unprimed) and primed seeds with binders (PVA or CMC). The maximum germination percent (GP) of seeds before pellet coating was 65% (with the priming treatment), and there was no difference in the GP of seeds among hormone treatments. For seeds sown in a growth chamber on filter paper, GP was 41% for control (unprimed/uncoated) seeds, 65% for uncoated primed seeds, 71% for DTCS/PVA-pellet-coated seeds, and 42% for DTK/CMC-pellet-coated seeds. Seeds that were primed first and then pellet-coated showed greatly improved GP, mean germination time (MGT), and germination rate than seeds that were only pellet-coated. For seeds sown in commercial soil in a greenhouse, control seeds had a GP of 27%, whereas primed seeds had the highest GP (58%), and their MGT and GT were 9.4 days and 7.0%·day, respectively. In addition, DTK/PVA-pellet-coated seeds (40%) also had a GP higher than the control (27%), and their MGT was 15-27 days. For seeds sown in sandy-loam soil in a greenhouse, unprimed-pellet-coated seeds and primed-pellet-coated seeds both had GPs ranged of 39%, which were lower than that of control seeds. In general, the seeds that were pellet-coated with DTK had a higher GP than those pellet-coated with DTCS. Furthermore, the MGT of unprimed-pellet-coated seeds was 15.0-19.8 days, which was longer than the MGT of primed-pellet-coated seeds. These results suggest that priming enhances seedling emergence of Aster koraiensis seeds. Moreover, when priming is combined with pellet coating, DTK is a more suitable pellet material than DTCS, and PVA and CMC are equally suitable adhesives.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate photosynthetic responses of 4 foliage plants in relation to light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and media, and to select efficient plants for the indoor environment control based on the results. Four foliage plants used in this study included Syngonium podophyllum, Schefflera arboricola cv. Hong Kong, Dieffenbachia amoena, and Dracaena deremensis cv. Warneckii Compacta. The plants cultivated in two different growth media, peatmoss and hydroball, and subjected to various light intensities (0, 30, 50, 80, 100, 200, 400, and $600\;{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD) and $CO_2$ levels (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 700, 1000, and $1500\;{\mu}mol{CO_2}{\cdot}mol^{-1}$). As a result of the photosynthetic rate of foliage plants according to change of light intensity and $CO_2$ levels, Schefflera arboricola and Dieffenbachia amoena showed high apparent quantum yield, which stands for the photosynthetic rate under low light intensity, and both plants also recorded higher photosynthetic rate under high $CO_2$ concentration compared to the other two indoor plants. Dracaena deremensis showed the lowest photosynthetic rate under the low light intensity or high $CO_2$ concentration. There were inconsistent results in photosynthetic rate of foliage plants grown in peatmoss or hydroball. Higher photosynthetic rate was observed in Schefflera arboricola with peatmoss rather than hydroball as light and $CO_2$ concentration increased. However, hydroball had a positive effect on Dieffenbachia amoena in terms of photosynthetic rate. In case of Syngonium podophyllum, peatmoss induced higher photosynthetic rate according to increased light intensity, but there was no effect of media on the rate under various $CO_2$ treatements. In contrast, media did not affect to photosynthetic efficiency of Dracaena deremensis subjected to various light intensities and the rate of Dracaena deremensis with peatmoss was a little high when $CO_2$ concentration increased. In conclusion, potential plants for the indoor air pulification and environmental control were Schefflera arboricola and Dieffenbachia amoena because they showed high photosynthetic rate under typical indoor conditions, low light intensity and high $CO_2$ concentration.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of night illumination on the growth and yield of wheat and barley. Three varieties of barley and four cultivars of wheat were tested under the different night illuminance which was controlled in the range of 1.2∼20 Lux during whole growth season at night. As night illumination was stronger, the culm length of all varieties tended to be shorter. The shortening was greater in barley than wheat. Node number, awn length and culm diameter tended to decrease as the light intensity was stronger. Internode length above the 4th and 5th node was remarkably decreased by the stronger illuminance. The degree of decrease in spike length affected by the night illuminance was much larger in the late-maturing variety among wheat cultivars. As night illumination was stronger, days to heading was shortened in general. The range of decrease was 2 to 10 days under 10∼20 Lux condition similarly in both barley and wheat. Effect of night illumination on heading date and days from initial heading to full heading was not considerably different between the crops and among varieties except Kangbori. Night illumination decreased the grain yield by 12.5% in barley, and 11.0% in wheat at 2.1∼5.0 Lux condition, and 34.6% in barley, and 29.3 % in wheat at 10∼20 Lux condition compared to control. Yield reduction was significantly different among varieties, being greatest in Kangbori among barley varieties, and in Chokwang (late-maturring variety) and Changkwang (late-maturring variety) among wheat varieties. It was interpreted that the decrease of grain yield was resulted from the decrease in the number of spikes and the number of grains per spike under the stronger night illumination. The decrease of grain yield was more directly attributed to the decrease in the number of grains per spike.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.593-602
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• 2004

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of supplemental complex probiotics on performances, physio-chemica1 properties of meat and inetestinal microflora in broiler chicks. Four hundred eighty broiler chickens, one days old with mixed sexes were fed one of four diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% complex probiotics for 7 weeks. There were four replicates with thirty chicks per pen. Diet contained ME 3,100, 3,l00kcal/kg, and CP 22.0, 20.0% for starting and finishing period, respectively. Body Weight gain of chicks fed the complex probiotics tended to increase from the frist week and all complex probiotics higher than control from the 4th week. Chickens fed the diets containing 0.2% probiotics had higher(P<0.05) than those fed the other levels from the 4th week to 5th week. Feed conversion also improved significantly(P<0.05) in the supplemental 0.2% probiotics from the 4th week to 5th week. In physio-chemica1 properties of meat, carcass rate increased significantly(P<0.05) in the supplemental 0.4% probiotics compared to that of control at 7 weeks overall means and abdominal fat pad rate increased significantly(P< 0.05) in the supplemental 0.2% probiotics compared to that of control. Cooking loss decreased significantly(P<0.05) in the supplemental all probiotics. But shear force increased significantly(P<0.05) in the supplemental 0.4% probiotics. The number of ileum and cecum Lactobacillus spp. tended to increase in the supplemental complex probiotics at 7 week of age, but was not significantly different. As the result, supplemental complex probiotics increased performance and physio-chemica1 properties of meat and the number of intestinal Lactobacillus of broiler chicks.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

This study was conducted to provide the information for the carcass grading properties of imported beef cattles fed in Korea. The cattles from 4 different breed such as Hereford, Angus, Murray Grey, Hereford${\times}$Angus were imported and slaughtered at 700kg(24 month). The Yield and Quality grading characteristics for 10 cattles from each breed were evaluated. Carcass weight of Murray Grey was lower than the other breed(p<0.05). The thickness of backfat was the lowest for Hereford(13.7mm) and followed by Hereford${\times}$Angus(17.30mm), Angus(18.20mm) and Murray Grey(18.90mm). Hereford had the highest Yield index(64.63%) and Murray Grey had the lowest Yield index(62.43)(p<0.05). The frequency percentages of marbling degree for Angus having the 1++ over degrees were 50% which was the highest among the breed. In the frequencies of final carcass grades, Hereford produced 30% of B grade and 70% of C grade in Yield grade and the 3 grade produced in Quality grade. All carcasses of Angus were graded as the grade C in Yield grade and 20% carcasses of Angus had the 2 grade and 80% carcasses had the 3 grade in Quality grade. Murray Grey produced 10% of grade B and 90% of grade C in Yield grade and produced 10% of the 2 grade and 90% of the 3 grade in Quality grade. The Hereford${\times}$Angus produced 100% of grade C in Yield grade and 100% of the 3 grade in Quality grade.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.349-376
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• 1996

In orther to find the characteristics of each constitution, the examinee of Kyung Hee medical center was diagnosed constitution, and resulted body measures and diagnosis. That was considered and the results are as follows 1. The Diagnosis result of Sa-sang Constitutional Medicine is that there are 110 persons of Taeum-In(56. 1%), 58 persons of Soum-In(29.6%), 28 persons of Soyang-In(14. 3%). 2. The distribution of occupation, there are many of Taeum-In who are engaged in business, administeration, and management and many of Soeum-In who are engaged in reserch. 3. QSCC(I) has a tendency that other constitutions diagnose to Taeyang-In, the quastionare 1 has the accuracy of 76. 4% to diagnose Soeum-In. 4. Taeum-In sweats easily but Soeum-In doesn't sweat easily, Taeum-In has a good appetite and likes cold food and digests well, but Soeum-In has a poor appetite and like hot food and digest poorly. 5. The degree of obesity is the highest in Taeum-In. 6. The systoric blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure is high in Taeum-In and the high blood pressure are frequent in Taeum-In. 7. Triglyceride is the highest in Taeum-In and the Hyperlipidemia is the most frequent in Taeum-In, but Total cholesterol has no difference among constitutions. 8. GPT GGT is higher in Taeum-In than Soyang-In, but GOT has no difference among constitutions. 9. The frequency of fatty liver is the highest in Taeum-In.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Ad-Hoc network is a network architecture which has no backbone network and is deployed temporarily and rapidly in emergency or war without fixed mobile infrastructures. All communications between network entities are carried in ad-hoc networks over the wireless medium. Due to the radio communications being extremely vulnerable to propagation impairments, connectivity between network nodes is not guaranteed. Therefore, many new algorithms have been studied recently. This study proposes the secondary header approach to the cluster based routing protocol (CBRP). The primary header becomes abnormal status so that the primary header can not participate in the communications between network entities, the secondary header immediately replaces the primary header without selecting process of the new primary header. This improves the routing interruption problem that occurs when a header is moving out from a cluster or in the abnormal status. The performances of proposed algorithm ACBRP(Advanced Cluster Based Routing Protocol) are compared with CBRP. The cost of the primary header reelection of ACBRP is simulated. And results are presented in order to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.961-967
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• 2005

Macrophage migration inhibitory fartor (MIF), known as a cytokine, is a multifunctional protein that is ubiquitously expressed in a variety of cells and tissues; however, enzymatic function of MIF still remains elusive in cells. In this study, we assessed details of the tautomerase activity of MIF. We established rapid purification condition for MIF by using pGEX system and compared the L-dopachrome tautomerase activity of GST-MIF, tMIF, and MIF. The results show that GST (glutathione S-transferase)-epitope tag or N-terminal amino acids flanking the essential $P^{2}$ almost completely abrogated L-dopachrome tautomerase activity of MIF. Subsequently, to determine whether the N-terminal tags have effects on oligomerization of MIF, protein cross-linking products were analyzed on $15\%$ SDS-PACE. The result demonstrates that N-terminal tags are dispensable for the formation of MIF's homooligomers. Thus, the results imply that exposure of If containing hydrophobic pocket in the active site is critical for L-dopachrome tautomerase activity of MIF. In addition, our study suggest that the MIF's tautomerase activity might be influenced by interacting with cellular partners.