• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.12 s.138
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• pp.1596-1604
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• 2004

Quality Function Deployment(QFD) is a product development tool which ensures that the voice of the customer needs is heard and translated into products. To develop a sensible brassiere for middle-aged women QFD was adopted. In this study the applicability and usefulness of QFD was examined through the engineering design process for a sensible brassiere for middle-aged women. The customer needs for the wear comfort of brassiere was made by one-on-one survey of 100 women who aged 30-40. The customer competitive assessment was generated by wearing tests of 10 commercial brassieres. The subjective assessment was conducted in the enviornmental chamber that was controlled at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}3\%RH.$ As a results, we developed twenty-one customer needs and corresponding HOWs for the wear comfort of brassiere. The Customer Competitive Assessment was generated by wearing tests of commercial brassiere. The subjective measurement scale and dimension for the evaluation of sensible brassiere were extracted from factor analysis. Four factors were fitting, aesthetic property, pressure sensation, displacement of brassiere due to movement. The most critical design parameter was wire-related property and second one was stretchability of main material of brassiere. Also, wearing comfort of brassiere was affected by the interaction of initial stretchability of wing and support of strap. Engineering design process, QFD was applicable to the development of technical and aesthetic brassieres.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.253-263
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• 2013

Frequency Scanning Interferometry(FSI) system, one of the most promising optical surface measurement techniques, generally results in superior optical performance comparing with other 3-dimensional measuring methods as its hardware structure is fixed in operation and only the light frequency is scanned in a specific spectral band without vertical scanning of the target surface or the objective lens. FSI system collects a set of images of interference fringe by changing the frequency of light source. After that, it transforms intensity data of acquired image into frequency information, and calculates the height profile of target objects with the help of frequency analysis based on Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). However, it still suffers from optical noise on target surfaces and relatively long processing time due to the number of images acquired in frequency scanning phase. 1) a Polarization-based Frequency Scanning Interferometry(PFSI) is proposed for optical noise robustness. It consists of tunable laser for light source, ${\lambda}/4$ plate in front of reference mirror, ${\lambda}/4$ plate in front of target object, polarizing beam splitter, polarizer in front of image sensor, polarizer in front of the fiber coupled light source, ${\lambda}/2$ plate between PBS and polarizer of the light source. Using the proposed system, we can solve the problem of fringe image with low contrast by using polarization technique. Also, we can control light distribution of object beam and reference beam. 2) the signal processing acceleration method is proposed for PFSI, based on parallel processing architecture, which consists of parallel processing hardware and software such as Graphic Processing Unit(GPU) and Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA). As a result, the processing time reaches into tact time level of real-time processing. Finally, the proposed system is evaluated in terms of accuracy and processing speed through a series of experiment and the obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed system and method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.10 s.255
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• pp.661-668
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• 2005

Background: We have hypothesized that, if a low resistant gravity-flow membrane oxygenator is used, then the twin blood sacs of TPLS can be located at downstream of the membrane oxyenator, which may double the pulse rate at a given pump rate and increase the pump output. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal configuration for the ECLS circuits by using the concept of pulse energy and pump output. Material and Method: Animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups in a total cardiopulmonary bypass model. In the serial group, a conventional membrane oxygenator was located between the twin blood sacs. In the parallel group, the twin blood sacs were placed downstream of the gravity-flow membrane oxygenator. Energy equivalent pressure (EEP) and pump output were collected at pump-setting rates of 30, 40, and 50 BPM. Result: At the given pump-setting rate, the pulse rate was doubled in the parallel group. Percent changes of mean arterial pressure to EEP were $13.0\pm1.7,\; 12.0\pm1.9\;and\;7.6\pm0.9\%$ in the parallel group, and $22.5\pm2.4,\; 23.2\pm1.9,\;and\;21.8\pm1.4\%$ in the serial group at 30, 40, and 50 BPM of pump-setting rates. Pump output was higher in the parallel circuit at 40 and 50 BPM of pump-setting rates $(3.1\pm0.2,\;3.7\pm0.2L/min\;vs.\;2.2\pm0.1\;and\;2.5\pm0.1L/min,\;respectively,\;p=0.01)$. Conclusion: Either parallel or serial circuit configuration of the ECLS generates effective pulsatility. As for the pump out, the parallel circuit configuration provides higher flow than the serial circuit configuration.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.84-92
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• 2003

Purpose: To report two cases of bone tumors other than osteoid osteoma in the proximal femur and treated with percutaneous high frequency radioablation method. Cases: We reviewed two cases with intracortical chondroma and enchondroma in the femoral head retrospectively. The patient with intracortical chondroma was a thirty one year old woman and had suffered right hip pain of 1 year duration. The lesion was located in the head of right femur and treated with CT guided percutaneous high frequency radioablation after needle biopsy under general anesthesia. The symptom was gone immediately after the procedure and was discharged postop. 1 day. 15 months has passed without symptom recurrence. Second case having enchondroma, was 56 year old woman complaining of gluteal area pain for 3 months. Radiologic evaluation showed osteolytic lesion with sclerotic rim on the inferior portion of the left femoral head. She received a same therapy with CT guided radiofrequency ablation following needle biopsy. She reported dramatic pain relief after the procedure and was discharged postop. 1 day. No symptom has occurred for 3 months until now. Conclusion: We present 2 cases of bone tumor occurred in the hip joint area other than osteoid osteoma which were treated with CT guided radiofrequency ablation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2001

The utility tunnels are the important facility as a mainstay of country because of the latest communication developments. However, the utilities tunnel is difficult to deal with in case of a fire accident. When a cable burns, the black smoke containing poisonous gas will be reduced. This black smoke goes into the tunnel, and makes it difficult to extinguish the fire. Therefore, when there was a fire in the utility tunnel, the central nerves of the country had been paralyzed, such as property damage, communication interruption, in addition to inconvenience for people. This paper is based on the fire occurred in the past, and reenacting the fire by making the real utilities tunnel model. The aim of this paper is the scientific analysis of the character image of the fire, and the verification of each fire protection system whether it works well after process of setting up a fire protection system in the utilities tunnel at a constant temperature. The fire experiment was equipped with the linear heat detector, the fire door, the connection water spray system and the ventilation system in the utilities tunnel. Fixed portion of an electric power supply cable was coated with a fire retardant coating, and a heating tube was covered with a fireproof. The result showed that the highest temperature was $932^{\circ}c$ and the linear heat detector was working at the constant temperature, and it pointed at the place of the fire on the receiving board, and Fixed portion of the electric power supply cable coated with the fire retardant coating did not work as the fireproof. The heating tube was covered with the fireproof about 30 minutes.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2003

As the importance of accuracy in measurings of 3-D anatomical structures continues to be stressed, an objective and quantitative of assessing image quality and accuracy of 3-D volume-rendered images is required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of 3-D rendered images obtained with MDCT, scanned at various scanning parameters (scan modes, slice thicknesses and reconstruction slice thickness). Twelve clinically significant points that play an important role for the craniofacial bone in plastic surgery and dentistry were marked on the surface of a dry human skull. The direct distances between the reference points were defined as gold standards to assess the measuring errors of 3-D images. Then, we scanned the specimen with acquisition parameters of 300 mA, In kVp, and 1.0 sec scan time in axial and helical scan modes (pitch 3:1 and 6:1) at 1,25 mm, 2.50 mm, 3.75 mm and 5.00 mm slice thicknesses. We performed 3-D visualizations and distance measurements with volumetric analysis software and statistically evaluated the quantitative accuracy of distance measurements. The accuracy of distance measurements on the 3-D images acquired with 1.25, 2.50, 3,75 and 5.00 mm slice thickness were 48%, 33%, 23%, 14%, respectively, and those of the reconstructed 1.25 mm were 53%, 41%, 43%, 36% respectively. Meanwhile, there were insignificant statistical differences (P-value<0.05) in the accuracy of the distance measurements of 3-D images reconstructed with 1.25 mm thickness. In conclusion, slice thickness, rather than scan mode, influenced the quantitative accuracy of distance measurements in 3-D rendered images with MDCT. The quantitative analysis of distance measurements may be a useful tool for evaluating the accuracy of 3-D rendered images used in diagnosis, surgical planning, and radiotherapeutic treatment.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.556-569
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• 2015

With about 75% of the population of Korea criticizing the government's disaster policy and a failure to respond to large-scale emergency like the Sewol ferry sinking means that there is a deep distrust in the government. In order to prevent dreadful disasters such as the Sewol ferry sinking, it is important to secure a prime time with respect to disaster safety. Improving crisis management skills and managerial role of police officers who are in close proximity to the people is necessary for the success of disaster management. With disaster management as one of the most essential missions of the police, as a part of a national crisis management, a step by step strengthening of the disaster safety management system of the police is necessary, as below. First, at the prevention phase, law enforcement officers were not injected into for profit large-scale assemblies or events, but in the future the involvement, injection should be based on the level of potential risk, rather than profitability. In the past and now, the priortiy was the priority was on traffic flow, traffic communication, however, the paradigm of traffic policy should be changed to a safety-centered policy. To prevent large-scale accidents, police investigators should root out improper routines and illegal construction subcontracting. The police (intelligence) should strengthen efforts to collect intelligence under the subject of "safety". Second, with respect to the preparatory phase, on a survey of police officers, the result showed that 72% of police officers responded that safety management was not related to the job descriptions of the police. This, along with other results, shows that the awareness of disaster safety must be adopted by, or rather changed in the police urgently. The training in disaster safety education should be strengthened. A network of experts (private, administrative, and police) in safety management should be established to take advantage of private resources with regard to crisis situtions. Third, with respect to the response phase, for rapid first responses to occur, a unified communication network should be established, and a real-time video information network should be adopted by the police and installed in the police situation room. Fourth, during the recovery phase, recovery teams should be injected, added and operated to minimize secondary damage.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1058-1059
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• 2003

학동기(만 6-12세)에 좋은 영양 공급은 일생의 성장 발육의 기초를 조성하여 지적, 사회적, 정서적 능력을 향상시킬 수 있다. 이에 초등학생의 영양문제와 식습관을 해결하는 방안의 하나로 최근 대두되고 있는 아침결식률을 낮추기 위한 ‘아침 안 거르기’ 사업을 학교와 연계 개발하여 프로그램을 진행하고 그 효과를 평가하였다. 이 연구는 서울시 강북구 관내에 위치한 4개 초등학교 5학년 학생 1026명(실험군 451명, 대조군 675명)을 대상으로 4∼9월까지 6개월간 5단계로 실시되었다. 프로그램의 효과평가를 위해 사전(실험군-학생 428명, 부모 416명, 대조군-학생 656명, 부모 589명), 사후(실험군-학생 427명, 부모 368명, 대조군-학생 608명, 부모 558명) 설문조사를 2회 실시하여 행동과 인식률 변화를 측정하였다. 프로그램은 매월 1회 담임교사가 진행하였고, 교육자료 및 홍보물은 아침먹기 캐릭터 가방걸이와 학부모의 참여를 높이고자 가정통신문과 교육내용을 함께 삽입하여 제작한 알림장, 아침먹기와 일찍자기를 실천할 실천스티커를 배포하였고 프로그램 종료 후 아침 먹기 실천달력을 제공하였다. 또 아동들 자신의 식생활을 바르게 꾸려 나갈 수 있도록 가공식품의 ‘영양표시’에 관한 교육을 함께 교육하였고, 설문조사를 통해 영양표시제에 관한 인식변화와 행동변화율을 측정하였다. 학생들의 아침식사 실천율은 매일 먹는 그룹이 실험군은 62.9%에서 69.6%로 7% 상승하였고, 전혀 먹지 않는 그룹은 11.2%에서 6.4%로 4.8% 감소하였다(p<0.001) 대조군의 경우 매일 먹는 그룹은 70.4%에서 70.2%로, 전혀 먹지 않는 그룹은 6.9%에서 6.5%로 나타났다(p<0.001). 아침식사가 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 인식률 변화는 큰 영향이 있다고 답한 그룹이 실험군은 60.1%에서 64.8% (p<0.001)로, 대조군은 64.8%에서 57.2% (p<0.001)로 각각 변화하였다. 일찍 자기가 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 인식률은 큰 영향이 있다고 답한 그룹이 실험군은 52.5%에서 70.7%(p<0.001), 대조군은 55.3%에서 60.2%로(p<0.001), 일찍 자기 실천에 대한 의지 변화는 11시 이전에 잘 계획이라는 그룹이 실험군은 31.9%에서 43.9%(p<0.001), 대조군은 35.5%에서 36.8%로 나타났다(p<0.001). 영양 표시에 관한 문항에서는 식품구매시 영양표시를 보고 구매한 경험이 없다는 군이 실험군에서는 58.2%에서 40.4%로 감소하였고(p<0.001), 대조군은 64%에서 53.6% (P<0.001)로 감소하였다. 영양소에 관한 지식 평가에서 짜지 않은 간식을 선택할 때 유의할 성분을 나트륨이라고 답한 그룹은 실험군은 31.7%에서 56.3%로, 대조군은 15.9%에서 23.0%로 나타나 그룹간 큰 차이를 보였다. 아침식사로 좋아하는 음식은 김치, 김치찌개, 밥, 피자, 고기, 빵, 된장찌개, 김, 햄, 계란후라이 순이었으며 싫어하는 아침음식은 피망, 고추, 양파, 김치, 시금치, 마늘, 콩, 파, 피자, 나물순으로 나타났다. 아침식사로 혼자서도 준비할 수 있는 음식은 밥, 라면, 계란후라이, 김치, 반찬, 볶음밥, 계란, 국, 햄, 씨리얼 순으로 나타났다. 부모의 인식률 변화는 가정내에 컴퓨터 설치장소로 적합하다고 생각되는 장소로 실험군의 경우 학생 방은 28.0%에서 21.6%로 6.4%감소하였고, 마루나 거실은 61.3%에서 66.0%로 5%증가하였다(p<0.001). 반면 대조군의 경우 학생 방은 28.8%에서 24.9%로 3.9% 감소, 마루나 거실은 63.4%에서 65.9%로 2.5%증가하여 실험군과 큰 차이를 보였다(p<0.001) 자녀의 늦은 취침시간과 아침식사에 관한 인식률 변화는 아침식사에 영향이 있다는 군은 실험군의 경우 78.1%에서 82.7%로 4.2% 증가하였고(p<0.05), 대조군의 경우 82.2%에서 80.5%로 감소하여 나타났다.(P<0.001) 연구결과 실험군의 경우 일주일 동안 아침을 전혀 먹지 않는 학생이 감소하고 매일 아침을 먹는 학생이 유의적으로 증가하여 아동의 아침식사 행동변화와 인식률 변화에 도움이 된 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.421-428
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• 2014

For the analysis of water supply network, demand-driven and pressure-driven analysis methods have been proposed. Of the two methods, demand-driven analysis (DDA) can only be used in a normal operation condition to evaluate hydraulic status of a pipe network. Under abnormal conditions, i.e., unexpected pipe destruction, or abnormal low pressure conditions, pressure-driven analysis (PDA) method should be used to estimate the suppliable flowrate at each node in a network. In order to carry out the pressure-driven analysis, head-outflow relationship (HOR), which estimates flowrate at a certain pressure at each node, should be first determined. Most previous studies empirically suggested that each node possesses its own characteristic head-outflow relationship, which, therefore, requires verification by using actual field data for proper application in PDA modeling. In this study, a model pipe network was constructed, and various operation scenarios of normal and abnormal conditions, which cannot be realized in real pipe networks, were established. Using the model network, data on pressure and flowrate at each node were obtained at each operation condition. Using the data obtained, previously proposed HOR equations were evaluated. In addition, head-outflow relationship at each node was analyzed especially under multiple pipe destruction events. By analyzing the experimental data obtained from the model network, it was found that flowrate reduction corresponding to a certain pressure drop (by pipe destruction at one or multiple points on the network) followed intrinsic head-outflow relationship of each node. By comparing the experimentally obtained head-outflow relationship with various HOR equations proposed by previous studies, the one proposed by Wagner et al. showed the best agreement with the exponential parameter, m of 3.0.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.485-494
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• 2018

This study aims to identify the characteristics of oxidation and chemical composition of PM in winter season, 2017 at Incheon area. The mean concentration of air pollutants were $46{\pm}22{\mu}g/m^3-PM_{10}$, $29{\pm}18{\mu}g/m^3/-PM_{2.5}$, $5{\pm}3ppb-SO_2$, $0.56{\pm}0.24ppm-CO$, $21{\pm}13ppb-O_3$ and $28{\pm}17ppb-NO_2$, respectively. The dominant ion of the $PM_{1.0}$ chemical component were organic with $3.2{\mu}g/m^3$ and nitrate with $1.9{\mu}g/m^3$. The day and night variation of the $PM_{1.0}$ chemical components was higher in nighttime than those of daytime. The averaged nitrate oxidation rate (SOR) was 0.06 and sulfate oxidation rate was 0.11 during the field campaign. In the high mass loading period, nitrate oxidation rate (NOR) was up to 0.6 and also the nitrate in $PM_{1.0}$ was increased. The averaged ratio of $NO_x/SO_2$ was 8.7 and nitrate/sulfate was 3.1, respectively. In this results, the nitrate component in $PM_{1.0}$ was influenced by NOx from the stationary source as power plant and the mobile source around the measurement site.