• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.790-799
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• 1997

Aegilops genus is known to include the donor species of the Band D genome of the bread wheat(ABD). An effort to establish a better strategy for phylogenetic relationships about Aegilops polyploids by AFLPs(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) was conducted using the 19 Aegilops sPP. and T. aestivum. The 207 polymorphic bands from the amplified products on the 6% acrylamide denaturing sequencing gels were obtained with the 7 AFLP primer combinations, and used to account for the genetic similarities and cluster analysis using NTSYS program. According to the genome analysis, the $M^h$-genome of Ae. heldreichii was estimated as an intermediate genome between the M-genome of Ae. comosa and N-genome of Ae. uniaristata and supposed to be incorporated in the establishing process of UM-genome as a possible diploid donor. And Ae. ventricosa(DN) was more close to Ae. umbellulata(U) than Ae. squarrosa(D). The close relationship between Ae. squarrosa and T. aestivum was perceived as a diploid donor of D-genome. As for the polyploid species, hexaploid Ae. triaristata was more closely related to Ae. columnaris rather than tetraploid Ae. triaristata. The clustered groups were, basically same to the previous Gihara's sections based on phenotypes and pairing analysis of interspecific hybrids. AFLP was evaluated as an efficient and powerful method in the genome evaluation of closely related species.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-38
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• 2023

Among the discussions on affective representation, the first is to explain the affective representation in the dimensions, and the second is to explain the affective representation according to the modality. In previous studies, to explain affective representation, valence models (signed valence, unsigned valence) and Modality-generality models (modality-general, modality-specific) were presented. In this study, we compared models presented in the previous study using the recently published ASMR to confirm which models explain affective representation well. The data used in this study were behavioral rating values collected by Kim & Kim (2022), and these were obtained for ASMR stimuli that were divided into three affective types (negative, neutral, and positive) and two modalities (auditory and audiovisual). Then, a multidimensional scaling, a representational similarity analysis with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and a multiple regression analysis with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA were performed. The results revealed that signed valence and modality-general distinguished between affective types of stimuli better than unsigned valence and modality-specific. Similar to the results of multidimensional scaling, the results of a representational similarity analysis and a multiple regression also showed that the signed valence and modality-general significantly explained affective representation better than the unsigned valence and the modality-specific. These results suggest that the model in which positive and negative are located at the opposite ends of the one dimension explains the affective representation of ASMR well, and that the affective representation was consistent regardless of modality.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2016

The present study was to survey the site environment, vegetation structure and soil characteristics in the wild habitats of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. and offers basic information for habitats conservation and restoration. Most of the wild habitats were located at altitudes between 605~1,413m with inclinations ranged as 8~30°. The bare rock rate were 8~50%. The vegetation structure by the PC-ORD based on the Two Way Cluster Analysis were divided into three groups Community I(Acer tegmentosum - Quercus mongolica), Community II(Acer tegmentosum - Carpinus cordata), Community III(Quercus mongolica - Tilia amurensis). The species diversity(H') was highest in Community II as 1.474, Community I was 1.471, Community III was 1.219. The soil textures were Clay loam, The average soil pH was 4.8, Soil organic matter was 15.15% and available phosphorus was 2.33ppm. Ordination analysis result by soil characteristics, community, characteristic species showed that the greatest effect factors were slope, altitude, tree and shrub's cover rate, organic matter, total-nitrogen, calcium, magnesium. Correlation analysis between environment factor result showed that O.M. - (T.N., K+, Mg2+, CEC, EC), T.N. - (K+, Mg2+, CEC, EC) were positive correlations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 수리모형실험을 통하여 원형 다단 실린더 게이트 형식의 취수시설에서 발생하는 공기연행을 분석하였다. 수리모형실험의 원형은 경상북도 청도군에 위치한 운문댐의 "운문댐 안전성 강화사업"에서 계획되고 있는 신설취수탑을 기준으로 상사법칙은 Froude상사법칙을 적용하고 1/20의 모형 축척을 가지는 취수탑의 국부모형에 하류단 수위를 고려하기 위해 유량조절시설을 설치하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험조건은 크게 두 가지로 구분하였으며, 수면으로부터 유입구 상단부까지의 거리 ∆h1(m)과 유입부 저수지 저류 수위와 하류단 유량조절시설간의 수위차인 ∆h2(m)이며, ∆h1에 대한 조건은 0.01m~0.06m로 0.01m 간격으로 6가지, ∆h2에 대한 조건은 0.10m~1.70m로 0.20m간격으로 9가지로 이를 조합하여 총 54개 CASE에 대해 진행하였다. 실험결과 공기연행 발생 시 그에 따른 영향을 평가하기 위해 발생 정도에 따라 미발생(Not Occur), 간헐적(Intermittent), 빈번한(Frequent), 지속적(Continuation), 공기 폭발(Air Explosion)로 분류하였으며, 각 공기연행 발생 시 취수유량의 감소율 및 영향을 분석한 결과 간헐적 공기연행 발생 시 최대 약 3.75%의 취수유량 감소, 빈번한 공기연행 발생 시 취수유량은 전체적으로 10%, 최대 약 13.19% 감소하였으며, 지속적 공기연행 발생 시 발생 이후 ∆h2증가에 의한 취수유량의 증가가 거의 이루어지지 않으며, 최대 56.25%의 취수유량이 감소, 공기 폭발 발생 시 취수유량의 영향은 지속적 발생과 비슷하나 관내 공기 포집 후 유입구로 방출 시 관에 강한 충격을 주어 안정성에도 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단되어, 이에 안정성 및 취수유량 감소율을 고려하여 빈번, 지속, 공기 폭발 발생 영역에서의 취수는 적합하지 않으며, 공기연행 미발생 및 간헐적 발생 영역에서의 취수 시 목표 취수유량이 1.00~4.00(㎥/s)일 때 ∆h1= 0.40m 이상, 4.00~9.30(㎥/s) 일 때 ∆h1= 0.60m 이상, 9.30~9.53(㎥/s) 일 때 ∆h1=0.80m 이상, 9.53~9.65(㎥/s) 일 때 ∆h1= 1.00m 이상에서 취수유량 감소율 3.75% 이내로 취수유량의 확보가 가능하다. 이러한 결과는 원형 다단 실린더 게이트 형식의 취수시설에 대해 취수 시 수면와류에 의한 Air Core와 그에 따른 공기연행의 발생 조건과 영향을 수리모형실험을 통해 확인함으로써 실제 운용 시 보다 안정적이고 효율적인 운용에 대한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 추가로 수치해석을 통한 비교 및 공기연행과 관내 공기포집 정도에 대한 연구를 통해 보다 정확한 자료제시가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.2D
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• pp.275-283
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• 2006

Recently, there are increasing needs to provide sufficient information on road signs for expanding cities and traffic networks. Improving efficiency of direction guidance information from road signs not only requires criteria for but also systematic approach to selecting place names that appear on road sings. As such, this paper looks at road direction information from existing road signs that leads to Suwon and investigates whether the current system of road sings provides efficient, systematic and continuous direction information for road users to easily reach their destination. In this paper, Suwon's city hall is set up as the final destination, which is linked from five other cities, Euiwang, Ansan, Hwaseong, Osan and Yongin. The paper attempts to find out whether there is continuity and suitable number of road signs for direction information by analyzing the road signs between these 5 cities and Suwon with respect to direction, direction advance notice and direction guidance. It is found that road users cannot easily find the needed information on their destination from the existing road signs and that continuity of selected place names that systematically appear on road signs is insufficiency. That is to say, the findings of the paper are that while it is easy for road users to find place names that are classified under land marks or the first-class selection of place names on road signs, it is difficult to obtain information from road signs on place names that are grouped under the second or third class. In addition, direction guidance on road signs is problematic, because the appearance frequency of road signs is not adequate and the continuity of road signs is not effective. Moreover, there is insufficient information on local direction guidance for immediate destinations on road signs with respect to turning left or right or going straight. Hence road signs in urban area need systematic improvement to find easily some destination.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.199-211
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• 2009

Development of underground space is actively performed globally for better life in the surface, and the scale of the space is increasing. Extreme care should be taken in the construction of the underground space in urban areas in order to avoid damage of adjacent structures and interference with existing underground space. In case of shallow tunnels, reinforcement of ground and structures is necessary to minimize the damage to structures due to excavation but any standard for optimum range of the reinforcement has not been established yet. In this paper, a series of numerical analyses have been performed for a 20 m diameter tunnel excavated underneath a structure to investigate the degree of damage of the structure according to vertical and horizontal spacing between the tunnel and structure. In addition to that, optimum range of reinforcement is presented for each case where reinforcement is required. It has been observed that the reinforcement is necessary for the ground condition adapted in the analyses as follows: (1) if horizontal spacing ($S_{H}$) approaches to 0D (D: equivalent diameter of tunnel) for vertical spacing (Sv) of 0.5D, and (2) if tunnel exists underneath the structure for vertical spacing (Sv) of 0.75D. The reinforcement is not necessary for Sv of 10 regardless of $S_{H}$. It also has been obtained that the optimum ranges of the reinforcement around structure foundation are 7 m in depth and whole width of the structure and 5 m beyond tunnel sidewall. These reinforcememt ranges have been confirmed to be enough for stability of the structure if types of reinforcement method is appropriately selected.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.313-343
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to examine the factors influencing network centrality on women's welfare organizations, and to investigate how the level of network centrality influence the effectiveness of the organization. To achieve this goal, this study conducted a survey on women's welfare organizations in Seoul from March to June, 2009. Network analysis method was used to get each organization's network centrality value. Also, through the Structural Equation Modelling, organizational characteristics predicting network centrality and effect of network centrality on organizational effectiveness. The main results are as follows. First, the significant affecting factors were different between three types of centralities with regards to the type of organization, recognition of resource dependency, attitude of top manager, and established year. Second, the common factors affecting three network centralities were the number of informal ties, accepting feminism as the main organizational philosophy, and the number of qualified staffs. Third, only closeness centrality positively predicted the level of organizational effectiveness among three types of centralities. The faster the organization reaches to other organizations in a network, the organizational effectiveness becomes higher, which means high closeness centrality is more important factor than high degree centrality or high betweenness centrality to increase organizational effectiveness. This result shows social welfare organization should consider changing inter-organizational network strategy from quantity-focused to quality-focused.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.335-358
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• 2023

This study analyzed the characteristics of the learning organization according to its characteristics, the operation method and size of each public library. In addition, the service quality of public libraries was investigated so that it was also analyzed the correlation between the characteristics of the learning organization and the quality of the service. To achieve the research objectives, 83 librarians and 343 users across seven public libraries in South Korea's metropolitan areas were surveyed. The investigation covered various dimensions of learning organizations: creating continuous learning opportunities, promoting inquiry and dialogue, encouraging collaboration and team learning, creating systems to capture and share learning, empowering people toward a collective vision, connecting the organization to its environment, and providing strategic leadership for learning. Also it was investigated aspects of service quality: affect of service, information control, and library as place. As a result of the study, for the learning organization characteristics, more than 3.4 out of 5 were qualified to have foundation of learning organizations. One attempted to categorize according to its operational method and size and compare learning organization differences between public libraries, however it was not easy to see the clear differences. Therefore it was judged that there might be another unidentified factor which gives an affect on learning organization. Furthermore, it was found that there was a positive correlation between learning organization traits and service quality. This study might signify by looking into how the learning organization, which is one of the post-bureaucratic organizational traits, appears in public libraries.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.258-267
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• 2020

The agrivoltaic can produce electricity and grow crops on fields at the same time. It is necessary to analyze the cultivation environment and evaluate the crop productivity under agrivoltaic because the shading point changes according to structure of agrivoltaic and sun's position. Two types of "fixing" and "tracing" agrivoltaic were installed, and a rice cultivation experiment was conducted in the fields under each agrivoltaic and without shading (control). "Hyunpoombyeo" was transplanted on June 7, 2019, and grown with fertilization of 9.0-4.5-5.7 kg/10a (N-P-K). Fifteen weather stations were installed under each agrivoltaic to measure solar radiation and temperature, and yield and yield-related elements were investigated by points. The accumulated solar radiation during the rice growing season in fixing was no much difference between points, and that in tracing was much difference between points. However, the average solar radiations of two agrivoltaics were similar. The mean temperature, yield, and yield-related elements showed a significant difference for the shading rate, and decreased with increasing the shading rate except ripening grain rate and 1000 grain weight of fixing agrivoltaic. In the relationship between shading rate and yield, fixing and tracing were fitted to a logistic equation and a simple linear equation, respectively, and showed a high correlation (tracing: R2 = 0.62, fixing: R2 = 0.73). The shading rate variation by point for two types was large despite similar yield variation. Thus, it needs to be more closely examined the relationship of the shading rate for a specific period rather than the shading rate during the whole growing season.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.71-82
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• 2006

One of the most popular pre-reinforcement methods of tunnel heading in cohesionless soils would be the fore-polling of grouted pipes, known as RPUM (reinforced protective umbrella method) or UAM (umbrella arch method). This technique allows safe excavation even in poor ground conditions by creating longitudinal arch parallel to the tunnel axis as the tunnel advances. Some previous studies on the reinforcing effects have been performed using numerical methods and/or laboratory-based small scale model tests. The complexity of boundary conditions imposes difficulties in representing the tunnelling procedure in laboratory tests and theoretical approaches. Full-scale study to identify reinforcing effects of the tunnel heading has rarely been carried out so far. In this study, a large scale model testing for a tunnel in granular soils was performed. Reinforcing patterns considered are four cases, Non-Reinforced, Crown-Reinforced, Crown & Face-Reinforced, and Face-Reinforced. The behavior of ground and pipes as reinforcing member were fully measured as the surcharge pressure applied. The influences of reinforcing pattern, pipe length, and face reinforcement were investigated in terms of stress and displacement. It is revealed that only the Face-Reinforced has decreased sufficiently both vertical settlement in tunnel heading and horizontal displacement on the face. Vertical stresses along the tunnel axis were concentrated in tunnel heading from the test results, so the heading should be reinforced before tunnel advancing. Most of maximum axial forces and bending moments for Crown-reinforced were measured at 0.75D from the face. Also it should be recommended that the minimum length of the pipe is more than l.0D for crown reinforcement.