• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the stress on clinical practice, stress coping method and the somatization symptom of dental hygiene students and propose strategies for effective instruction of clinical practice. The survey was performed by self-reported questionnaires for 268 dental hygiene students who have recently experienced clinical practice. Collected data were analyzed using by t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient with the SPSS Win 12.0 program. Its results are as follows. 1. In the satisfaction of clinical practice, 'Satisfaction', 'Average' and 'Unsatisfactory' were 32.5%, 42.2% and 25.4%, respectively. The reason for dissatisfaction of clinical practice were 'insufficient education of college'(29.8%), 'environment of clinical practice institute'(23,4%), 'interpersonal relationship'(21.3%) in order. 2. Somatization symptoms was positive correlation(0.307, p < 0.01) associated with stress of clinical practice. Also it was negative correlation associated with satisfaction level of the subjects and stress of clinical practice. Correlation coefficient of the interpersonal relation factor was found the most significantly high as much as 0.331, according to the analysis carried out between subordinate factors of clinical practice stress and somatization. 3. According to stress coping method. Subjects were distributed into two group of active method and passive method. Thereafter as a result of verifying the difference of somatization symptoms, there was statistically significant difference between active method group and passive method group. Based on the study results, we suggests that effective management program of clinical practice should be developed and applied to the dental hygiene students to make them cope with stress and somatic symptom during their clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 1999

Objectives : The authors attempted to assess how much the mechanism of dissociation affects somatization disorder patients psychopathologically, and explore the relationship between sexual or physical abuse and somatic symptoms in somatization disorder patients. Methods : The authors administered the Dissociative Experiences Scales-Korean version(DESK) and Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule to 25 patients with somatization disorder and 51 normal subjects. Results : There were no significant demographic differences between patient and control groups. The mean score of DES-K for patient group was 18.2, and 10.0 for the control group. The percentage of the individuals with high scores(20 and over) was 36.0 in the patient group and 7.8 in the control group, respectively. The percentage of the individuals with sexual and/or physical abuse was 16.0 in the patient group and zero in the control group. Our results showed that DES-K scores were not influenced by the factor of age or religion in either group, but the scores of the patients with somatization disorder were significantly higher than those in the normal subjects. Conclusion : There was an implication that the mechanism of dissociation affects issues of psychopathogenesis and psychopathology in Korean patients with somatization disorder, even though they have different sociocultural backgrounds in comparison to Western patients. The authors suggest it is useful to focus attention on childhood abuse and dissociation in the evaluation and dynamic psychotherapy of patients with somatization disorder.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.332-337
• /
• 1994

The author studied somatization using 7-symptoms screening test in 12 females, who lived in the Taegu and compared the results with those of 99 males who lived in the Taegu, during the period from the beginning of August 1993 to end of January 1994. The results were follows: The number of females screened for somatization disorder were ten (5.8%). Its rate was higher than males (3. 1%). Ten screened women most frequently complained of pain in extremities, painful menstruation, shortness of breath, and amnesia. There was a strong tendency toward higher levels of somatization in the females who were dissatified with their home atmosphere, present well being, and divorced or widowed, lower educated and those who had pessimistic views of self image in the past, present, or future.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 1997

For the purpose of examining the relationship between perceived stress, vulnerability variables, and somatization tendency, the self-report questionnaires of perceived stress, styles of stress coping(passive and active copings), self-perception, gender, and somatization tendency were administered to university entrants(n=2,024). The results were as follows: 1) Perceived stress, styles of stress coping(passive and active copings), self-perception, and gender accounted for 15.56% of the total variance in somatization tendency. As a result of comparing the relative contributions of all predictor variables to somatization tendency, the highest was perceived stress, and the next in order were passive coping style, self-perception, and gender, whereas direct effect of active coping style was not significant. 2) The two-way and three-way interaction effects of perceived stress X vulnerability variables were not significant. 3) The two-way and three-way interaction effects of gender X psychosocial variables were not significant. To conclude, perceived stress and vulnerability variables independently contribute to somatization tendency in university entrants, and furthermore it is suggested that vulnerability variables as well as perceived stress must be considered to account for somatization tendency.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for managing occupational stress and promoting health by investigating the factors of dental hygienists' occupational stress and the relationship among occupational stress, health status and somatization. The subjects in this study are 28 dental hygienists who have worked at dental clinic in the metropolitan area. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The average age of the subjects is 25.1 and the average working career is 42.8 months. 8-9 hours is the most frequent average working time as 55.5% and a 6-day workweek appears most frequently with 33.8%. 2. The total average of occupational stress is 45.24 points and out of the seven sub-factors, job demand is the highest as 56.17 points. 3. A group of working at dental university hospitals scores significantly high and a group of working over 10 hours per day scores significantly low in health status (p<0.05). 4. A group of a 5-day workweek. night and holiday duty scores 18.64 which is significantly high in somatization(p<0.05). 5. Occupational stress have slightly negative correlation (-.341, p<0.01) with health status and slightly positive correlation (.330, p<0.01) with somatization. There is a strong, negative correlation between health status and somatization(-.762, p<0.01 ). 6. Health status and somatization have a slightly positive correlation with every other sub-factor of occupational stress except job self-control.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 1992

To evaluate the simplicity and efficacy of the 7-symptom screen test for somatization disorder, the authors tried 7-symptom screen test to find out the easiness in diagnosing the somatization disorder and to evaluate the simplicity and efficacy of it from Mar 1991 to Feb 1992. The objects were 135 female outpatients who visited Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University. The results were as follows : The discriminant index was over 3.0 for all 7 symptoms and two item accuracy was 89%(sensivity 99%, specificity 77%), three item accuracy was 87%(sensitivity 83%, specificity 90%). In discriminant analysis, the cut off score for the criteria of somatization disorder was 87% when three or more symptoms were checked for 7-symptoms. This result means that 7-symptom screen test is the simple and accurate method for screening and diagnosing the somatization disorder.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.84-88
• /
• 2012

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to investigate the independent effects of major depressive disorder (MDD) and insomnia on somatization, respectively. Methods: A total of 181 participants (73 males and 108 females ; mean age $41.59{\pm}8.92$) without serious medical problem were recruited from a community and a psychiatric clinic in Republic of Korea. Subjects were divided into 4 groups based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorder (SCID-IV) and sleep questionnaire : 1) normal controls (n=127), 2) primary insomnia (n=11), 3) MDD without insomnia (n=14), and 4) MDD with insomnia (n=29). All participants were requested to complete the somatization subscores of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: There were significant between-group differences in somatization score (F=25.30, p<0.001). Subjects with both MDD and insomnia showed higher somatization score compared to normal control (p<0.001), subjects with primary insomnia (p=0.01), or MDD subjects without insomnia (p<0.001). Subjects with primary insomnia had higher somatization score than normal controls (p<0.01), while there was no significant difference between MDD subjects without insomnia and normal controls. In multiple regression, presence of insomnia predicted higher somatization score (beta=0.44, p<0.001), while there was only non-significant association between MDD and somatization (beta=0.14, p=0.08). Conclusion: In the current study, insomnia was associated with somatization independently from major depression. Subjects with primary insomnia showed higher somatization. Within MDD patients, presence of insomnia was related to higher somatization. Our finding suggests that insomnia may partly mediate the relationship between depression and somatization.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.78-91
• /
• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop the somatization rating scale (SRS), and then to use the scale in clinical pracitice. Methods: First, a preliminary survey was conducted for 109 healthy adults to obtain 40 response items. Second, a preliminary questionnaire was completed by 215 healthy subjects. Third, a comparison was made regarding somatization responses among 242 patients (71 with anxiety disorder. 73 with depressive disorder, 47 with somatoform disorder, and 51 with psychosomatic disorder) and 215 healthy subjects. Results : Factor analysis yielded 5 subscales : cardiorespiratory and nervous responses, somatic sensitivity, gastrointestinal responses, general somatic responses, genitourinary, eye and muscular responses. Reliability was computed by administering the SRS to 62 healthy subjects during a 2-week interval. Test-retest reliability for 5 subscales and the total score was significantly high, ranging between .86-.94. Internal consistency was computed, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for 5 subscales ranged between .72-.92, and .95 for the total score. Convergent validity was computed by correlating the 5 subscales and the total score with the total score of the global assessment of recent stress (GARS) scale, the perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ), and the symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R). The correlations were all at significant levels. Discriminant validity was computed by comparing the total score and the 5 subscale scores of the patient and control groups. Significant differences were found for 5 subscales and the total score. Only the depressive disorder group was siginificantly higher than control group in all the subscale scores and total scores of SRS among 4 patient groups. In somatic sensitivity, only depressive disorder patients were significantly higher than the normal controls, whereas in general somatic subscale, depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups were significantly higher than the normal controls. In total scores of the SRS, female subjects were significantly higher than males. Conclusion : These results indicate that the SRS is highly reliable and valid, and that it can be utilized as an effective measure for research in stress- and somatization-related fields. The depressive disorder and somatoform disorder groups showed more widespread somatization than the anxiety and psychosomatic disorder groups.

• Proceedings of the Costume Culture Conference
• /
• 2003.12a
• /
• pp.61-75
• /
• 2003

청소년기로 대변되는 중ㆍ고등학생은 자기가 평가한 자아상이 아닌 타인이 평가한 자아상을 더 신뢰하는 경향이 있다. 이러한 심리적 불안 또는 신체적 불균형을 해결하기 위하여 의복과 같은 구체적인 외형을 통하여 소속감을 형성하고 심리적 안정과 사회적 인정을 얻고자 한다. 이러한 경향은 자칫 의복에 대한 지나친 관심을 낳기도 한다. 의복에 대한 필요 이상의 관심을 억제시키고, 의복을 통일함으로써 건전한 학교생활을 하도록 하기 위해 교복 착용을 하고 있다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2013

Objectives : Type D personality was originally introduced to study the role of personality in predicting outcomes of heart disease. However, researches showed that other medical conditions are also affected by this personality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between type D personality and somatic symptom complaints in depressive patients. Methods : Eighty-two individuals diagnosed with depressive disorder were included. Type D personality was measured with DS14. Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ) 9 and 15 were used to measure depression severity and somatization tendencies. For alexithymia, TAS-20 was used. Student T-test and linear regression analysis were performed. The best regression model was determined by stepwise variable selection. Results : More than half of the subjects(56%) complained at least medium degree somatic symptoms according to PHQ-15 criteria. Two-thirds of the subjects were classified as Type D personality(63.4%). The mean PHQ-15 score of the Type D individuals was significantly higher than the remaining subjects(PHQ-15 mean=12.7, $p=8.2{\times}10^{-7}$). The best regression model included age, PHQ-9 score and NA subscale score as predictor variables. Among these, only the coefficients of age($p=1.5{\times}10^{-3}$) and NA score($p=1.5{\times}10^{-7}$) were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions : The result showed that Type D personality was one of the strong predictors of somatic complaints among depressive individuals. The finding that negative affectivity rather than social inhibition was more closely associated with somatization tendencies does not fully agree with the traditional explanation that inability to express negative emotion predispose the individuals to somatic symptoms. The finding that alexithymia was not shown to be a significant predictors also substantiated this discrepancy. However, it might be possible that the high correlation between NA and SI subscore(r=0.65) and between NA and TAS-20 score(r=0.44) hid the additional effects of social inhibition and alexithymia. Further research with a larger sample would be needed to investigate the effects of the latter two components over and above the effect of negative affectivity on the somatic complaints in depressive patients.