• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.497-502
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• 2016

The survey is designed to provide fundamental data for assessing effects of calligraphy therapy program. An opened questionnaire asking psychological and physical experiences (3 advantages and 3 disadvantages) was given to 150 persons practicing calligraphy. Collected data were categorized into 10 psychological advantages (435 items), 6 psychological disadvantages (129 items), 9 physical advantages (302 items), and 7 physical disadvantages (150 items). Those subjective experiences were multidisciplinarily interpreted in terms of the mental and physical health and the humanistic education. A new structured assessing tool which will be developed based on the findings from the study may contribute in activating the calligraphy therapy program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2010

인공관절은 노인성 질환이나 자가 면역질환, 신체적인 외상 등에 의한 관절의 손상 부위를 대체하기 위해 고안된 관절의 인공대용물로써 최근 인구의 고령화와 질병, 사고의 증가에 따라 그 수요가 급격히 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 인공관절의 소재로는 현재 metal-on-polymer(MOP) 소재가 가장 많이 사용되고 있는데, metal 소재로서는 Co-Cr계 합금이, polymer 소재로서는 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) 이 주로 사용되고 있다. MOP 소재의 경우 충격흡수의 장점이 있는 반면 wear debris에 의한 골용해로 인해 관절이 느슨해지는 문제점이 발생하여 재시술의 주요 원인이 되고 있다. 또한 metal 소재로 주로 사용되고 있는 Co-Cr계 합금의 경우 인공관절의 마모, 부식 현상에 의해 Co, Cr등이 체내에 용출되어 세포독성의 문제를 일으킬 수 있다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고체원소 이온주입 기술을 이용하여 316L stainless steel 기판에 niobium을 이온 주입 한 후 niobium nitride (NbN) 박막을 증착하여 counterpart 소재인 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌(UHMWPE) 의 마모를 줄이는 실험을 진행하였다. Pin-on-disk tribometer를 통해 마모 테스트를 진행하여 NbN 박막의 내마모특성을 평가하였으며, 박막의 결정구조 및 화학적 특성을 평가하기 위해 XRD, AES 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 박막의 경도와 표면조도를 측정하기 위해 micro hardness tester, AFM을 이용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.137-137
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• 2012

인공관절은 노인성 질환이나 자가 면역질환, 신체적인 외상 등으로 인하여 발생하는 관절의 손상 부위를 대체하기 위하여 고안된 관절의 인공 대용물이다. 인공 관절 중 인공 고관절의 경우 라이너(Liner)와 헤드(Head) 부분이 직접적인 마모 운동을 수행하게 되므로, 이 부분의 소재 특성에 따라 인공관절의 수명이 결정 되게 된다. 현재 헤드 소재로서는 Co-Cr-Mo 합금이, 라이너 소재로서는 고분자 소재인 UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene)가 주로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 MOP (Metal-On-Polymer) 구조의 인공관절의 경우, 충격흡수의 장점이 있는 반면, 관절 운동시 발생하는 UHMWPE 의wear debris에 의해 골용해가 발생하게 되어 인공관절의 수명이 저하되는 문제점이 있으며, 금속 헤드의 마모로 인한 금속이온의 용출은 세포 독성의 문제를 야기하여 인공관절의 수명을 저하시키는 또 다른 원인이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 PIII&D (Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation & Deposition) 공정을 이용하여 금속 (Co-Cr-Mo 합금)소재 위에 세라믹 (niobium nitride) 박막을 증착하여 상대재인 UHMWPE의 마모를 줄이고자 하는 연구를 진행하였다. 금속 소재 위에 증착된 세라믹 박막은 상대재인 UHMWPE의 마모량을 줄여줄 뿐만 아니라 금속이온의 용출을 막아준다는 장점이 있으나, 장시간의 마모 운동에 의하여 발생하는 박막의 박리 현상은 인공관절의 수명을 급격히 저하시키는 또 다른 원인이 된다. 이러한 단점을 해결하기 위하여, 박막의 증착 초기에 이온주입과 증착을 동시에 수행하는 dynamic ion mixing공정을 수행하였다. Dynamic ion mixing 공정을 수행함에 따라 박막과 금속 사이의 접착력이 증가하게 되어, UHMWPE의 마모량이 2배 가까이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 장시간의 마모시험에서도 우수한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 UHMWPE의 마모량을 감소시키기 위하여 박막을 증착하기 전에 금속 소재에 질소 이온주입을 수행하는 pre-ion implantation 공정을 도입하였다. 질소 이온주입 결과 Co-Cr-Mo 합금 표면에 부분적으로 CrN, Cr2N의 세라믹 상이 형성 되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 그에 따라 UHMWPE의 마모량이 2배 이상 감소 되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1574-1580
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• 2020

Traditional pose estimation methods include using special devices or images through image processing. The disadvantage of using a device is that the environment in which the device can be used is limited and costly. The use of cameras and image processing has the advantage of reducing environmental constraints and costs, but the performance is lower. CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks) were studied for pose estimation just using only camera without these disadvantage. Various techniques were proposed to increase cognitive performance. In this paper, the effect of the skip connection on the network was experimented by using various skip connections on the joint recognition of the hand. Experiments have confirmed that the presence of additional skip connections other than the basic skip connections has a better effect on performance, but the network with downward skip connections is the best performance.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

As growing interest in Human-Computer Interaction(HCI), research on HCI has been actively conducted. Also with that, research on Natural User Interface/Natural User eXperience(NUI/NUX) that uses user's gesture and voice has been actively conducted. In case of NUI/NUX, it needs recognition algorithm such as gesture recognition or voice recognition. However these recognition algorithms have weakness because their implementation is complex and a lot of time are needed in training because they have to go through steps including preprocessing, normalization, feature extraction. Recently, Kinect is launched by Microsoft as NUI/NUX development tool which attracts people's attention, and studies using Kinect has been conducted. The authors of this paper implemented hand-mouse interface with outstanding intuitiveness using the physical features of a user in a previous study. However, there are weaknesses such as unnatural movement of mouse and low accuracy of mouse functions. In this study, we designed and implemented a hand mouse interface which introduce a new concept called 'Virtual monitor' extracting user's physical features through Kinect in real-time. Virtual monitor means virtual space that can be controlled by hand mouse. It is possible that the coordinate on virtual monitor is accurately mapped onto the coordinate on real monitor. Hand-mouse interface based on virtual monitor concept maintains outstanding intuitiveness that is strength of the previous study and enhance accuracy of mouse functions. Further, we increased accuracy of the interface by recognizing user's unnecessary actions using his concentration indicator from his encephalogram(EEG) data. In order to evaluate intuitiveness and accuracy of the interface, we experimented it for 50 people from 10s to 50s. As the result of intuitiveness experiment, 84% of subjects learned how to use it within 1 minute. Also, as the result of accuracy experiment, accuracy of mouse functions (drag(80.4%), click(80%), double-click(76.7%)) is shown. The intuitiveness and accuracy of the proposed hand-mouse interface is checked through experiment, this is expected to be a good example of the interface for controlling the system by hand in the future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.465-470
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• 2024

Kitchen cabinets are widely used for their spacious storage and efficient use of space, but their high installed location makes it difficult for the elderly and disabled to access. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new height-adjustable kitchen cabinet that can be used more easily and safely. The lift-down range of cabinet was set considering the installation location of cabinet for efficient use of kitchen space and the maximum height accessible to the elderly and disabled, and the link geometry and driving method of the complex link mechanism were determined through the mechanism design procedure to ensure that the selected floor come down safely along the optimal descend path. In addition, the appropriate motor and control algorithm were added to allow the user to descend to the desired height with a simple button operation. It was confirmed through actual production that the proposed linkage mechanism performs the desired lift-down motion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.295-300
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• 2009

Statement of problem: As the number of elders is growing with the advancement of medicine, partially or fully edentulous patients have increased. Medically compromised conditions are common in the older population so that it should be taken into account in prosthetic treatment planning as well as their economic conditions. In the older patients, removable prosthesis has been preferred to implant prosthesis. However, cast metal based removable partial dentures also has several limitations. Purpose: In this report, we present several cases of Valplast$^{(R)}$ flexible denture which were fabricated in patients who had medically compromised conditions or whose remaining teeth showed a relatively poor prognosis. Results & Conclusion: This article describes an alternative treatment for a partially edentulous patient with mouth opening limitation, after cancer surgery, compromised general condition and questionable remaining teeth. In these patients, Valplast$^{(R)}$ flexible denture was used because of its unique characteristics and the results were all satisfactory. Patients had 1-2 check-up and there were no postoperative pain or fracture of denture up to now.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.197-197
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• 2019

총인처리시설에서는 응집제를 주입하여 인이나 오염물질을 침전시켜 처리하고 있으며 PAC(poly aluminum chloride)나 $FeCl_3$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, 등 다양한 종류의 응집제가 사용되어지고 있다. 하지만 기존에 사용되어 지고 있는 알루미늄계열의 응집제는 처리수에 잔류이온이 존재하게 되어 인체에 축적돼 알츠하이머 병 등 신체질환을 유발할 수 있는 단점이 있다. 따라서 이러한 단점을 사전에 예방하기 위해 $TiCl_4$와 같은 티타늄계열 응집제에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. $TiCl_4$ 응집제는 인 제거에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있으며 수중에 잔류이온을 유발하지 않으며 Ti이온은 치과임플란트나 의료장비로 사용될 만큼 인체에 무해하다고 알려져 있다. 응집제 사용에 따라 생성된 응집슬러지의 처리방안에 있어서 기존 응집제의 경우 생성된 슬러지의 대부분은 하수슬러지 위탁처리업체를 통해 소각 및 매립, 재활용 되고 있으나, $TiCl_4$를 응집제로 사용할 경우 생성된 슬러지를 인발하여 건조 및 소성을 통해 이산화티타늄으로 재활용할 수 있어 슬러지를 친환경적으로 처리가 가능해 기존 슬러지 처리방안의 경제적, 환경적 부담을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 $TiCl_4$를 하수처리장 방류수에 주입하여 수중의 총인(T-P)을 처리한 후 생성된 슬러지를 인발하여 건조와 소성과정을 거쳐 이산화티타늄을 제조하였다. 방류수를 취수해 2.5mg/L의 초기 총인 농도를 가진 원수를 제조하였으며 제조된 원수에 $TiCl_4$를 0.6mL 주입하였을 때 99.93%의 총인제거효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 응집 실험 후 생성된 슬러지를 인발하여 건조 후 $300{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$의 각각 다른 온도조건에서 소성하여 이산화티타늄을 제조하였으며, SEM과 XRD를 통해 제조된 이산화티타늄의 표면특성과 결정성 분석을 실시하였다. 제조된 이산화티타늄은 $500{\sim}800^{\circ}C$에서는 아나타제, $900{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$에서는 루타일 결정구조가 나타났다. 또한, $TiCl_4$ 주입량에 따른 이산화티타늄의 최종 생산량과 제조 시 사용되는 건조로 및 소성로의 경제적 비용 등을 고려하여 이산화티타늄 1Ton을 제조하기 위해 필요한 단가를 산출하였다. 본 연구에서 제조된 이산화티타늄 1kg의 생산단가는 약 5,400원으로 나타났으며, 가장 많이 사용되는 P-25 광촉매 보다 저렴한 가격으로 제조 및 판매를 기대할 수 있다. 따라서 하수처리장에 적용 시 기존 응집제 보다 비싼 $TiCl_4$ 비용을 보완하고 친환경적인 슬러지 처리로 제조된 이산화티타늄의 유통 및 현장적용을 통해 경제적, 환경적으로 우수하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2011

A healthcare system is a type of medical information system that performs early detection and prevention in diseases by checking one's health condition periodically. Such a healthcare system is based on the signal obtained from the body. However, the developed existing system represents certain differences in the storage and description of vital signs according to medicare devices and the evaluation method of the system. It brings some disadvantages, such as lacks in the interoperability between systems, increases in the development cost of systems, and absence of a unified system. Thus, this study develops a healthcare system based on a meta model. For establishing this objective, this study describes and stores vital sign data based on the standard meta model of HL7 and applies OCL, which is a mathematical specification language, for defining wellness indexes and extracting data in order to evaluate health risk appraisals in health. In addition, this study implements components based on OSGi and assemble them in order to easily extend various devices and systems. By describing vital data based on the meta model, it represents some advantages that it makes possible to ensure the interoperability between systems and introduce the standardization of the evaluation method of health conditions through defining the wellness index using OCL. Also, it provides dear specifications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.824-835
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• 2019

In recent decades, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have extensively been investigated as a potential cancer drug. Oncolytic viruses have primarily the unique advantage in the fact that they can only infect and destroy cancer cells. Secondary, oncolytic viruses induce the activation of specific adaptive immunity which targets tumor-associated antigens that were hidden during the initial cancer progression. In 2015, one genetically modified oncolytic virus, talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), was approved by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of melanoma. Currently, various oncolytic viruses are being investigated in clinical trials as monotherapy or in combination with preexistent cancer therapies like immunotherapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy relies on the balance between the induced anti-tumor immunity and the anti-viral response. Despite the revolutionary outcome, the development of oncolytic viruses for the treatment of cancer faces a number of obstacles such as delivery method, neutralizing antibodies and induction of antiviral immunity due to the complexity, variability and reactivity of tumors. Intratumoral administration has been successful reducing considerably solid tumors with no notable side effects unfortunately some tumors are not accessible (brain) and require a systemic administration of the oncolytic viruses. In order to overcome these hurdles, various strategies to enhance the efficacy of oncolytic viruses have been developed which include the insertion of transgenes or combination with immune-modulatory substances.