• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.422-428
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• 2009

Purpose : Adolescence is a period of growth and development in body structure and physiologic, psychologic, and social functioning. Smoking and drinking in this period are very harmful and may lead to other forms of substance abuse. We surveyed the actual aspects of smoking and drinking among Korean adolescents and analyzed associated factors. Methods : A survey was performed among adolescents using a questionnaire about smoking and drinking. Data were collected from students who visited pediatric clinics for routine school examinations from July to November 2007. Results : A total of 2,546 adolescents (smoking 1,512; drinking 1,034) participated in the study. The overall smoking and drinking rates were 29.2% and 48.2%, respectively, and the mean age at the first instance of smoking and drinking was 13.8 and 14.1 years, respectively. Among drinking adolescents, 30.1% were offered a drink by their parents, although most adolescents were encouraged to smoke or drink by their friends. Dissatisfaction with family and school life, economic status, and school performance was associated with a higher smoking and drinking rate (P<0.001). Broken families were associated with a high rate of smoking, but peer satisfaction was not related to smoking or drinking. The frequency and amount of smoking and drinking in adolescents were as high as those in adults. Social sanctions seemed insufficient to keep adolescents from smoking and drinking. Conclusion : Adolescent smoking and drinking are highly influenced by family and school environments, so more active social sanctions are required, including parental involvement and legislation preventing adolescents from smoking and drinking.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Objectives : Homocysteine has been associated with cognitive impairment and various psychiatric symptoms. This study was designed to examine the relationship exists between plasma homocysteine concentration and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD). Methods : 41 subjects with dementia of Alzheimer's type were included in this study. We carried out history taking, physical examination, and cognitive assessment for the diagnosis of dementia of Alzheimer's type based on DSM-IV. We scored the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale(GDS), Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR), and the Korean Neuropsychiatric Inventory(K-NPI). We also measured levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ in the plasma. Results : We found statistically significant positive correlations between homocysteine concentration with NPI total score, and with scores of several sub-domains such as delusion, agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, and elation/euphoria. No significant correlation existed between homocysteine levels and scores of MMSE, GDS, and CDR. Conclusions : This study shows that plasma homocysteine levels are associated with BPSD. Further research is necessary to identify pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these relationships.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.171-193
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• 1999

The ultimate goal of rehabilitation is social integration. Reemployment is, for the disabled workers, the primary source of not only income, but also identity and interaction. Unfortunately, for most disabled workers employment represents only a yet-to-be-fulfilled hope, a close but inaccessible goal, a daily reminder that they are not among the majority. The purpose of this study is to estimate reemployment rate in the industrial injured and to find factors affecting reemployment of disabled workers owing to industrial injury, and to make policy implication for the better industrial injury compensation rehabilitation system. The data were obtained through telephone interview with disabled worker who completed work injury compensation process in 1996-1997. The final sample was consisted of 1,060 respondents. The major findings were that almost lout of 3 disabled worker returned to work, and that the factor affecting reemployment of the disabled workers were severity injury, ADL(activity of Daily Living), the perception of disability severity, controlling for the demographic factors such as sex, age, education, marital status. The results indicated that psychosocial factors as well as physical function had influces on returning to work. The current findings suggests that rehabilitation services and policy aimed at enhancing vocational rehabilitation program and rehabilitation engineering services, and improving psychosocial resources should be considered by rehabilitation professionals and policy makers.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2015

Endurance time is very important indicator to estimate muscle fatigue. In the case of measuring endurance time directly, it is dangerous for subject to perform a test until the point of failure to main time force. Therefore, this paper presents the model to estimate endirance time using indirect measurements such as personal factors and anthropometrical data. Previous studies had shown that personal factors such as gender and age were not related to endurance time, but recently studies have shown that it is estimated by using independent variable or predictor such as GTA (Gravitational Torque of the horizontal, stretched arm) and MVC (Maximum Voluntary Contraction). The present study investigated variables to estimate endurance time using personal factors and anthrometrical data during isotonic contractions. Twenty five healthy subject volunteered for this study, and performed three test sessions of isotonic contraction exercises at 10~50% respectively. Afterward the correlation coefficient and p-values were compared among regression models using personal factors and anthropometrical data. The results demonstrated that multi-regression model had significant coefficient of correlation, and was useful estimate endurance time.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.1028-1040
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• 2019

The current study was performed to investigate the magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) after downhill running (DR) of different intensities and to examine the availability of muscle echo intensity as biomarkers to detect regional damage within quadriceps muscle group (QG) following DR. Healthy college-age men (n=11) were experienced twice DR sessions [$50%HR_{max}$ DR, LDR; $70%HR_{max}$ DR, HDR] separated by a 2-week wash-out period with the random order. After DR, severity of EIMD according to exercise intensity were determined by serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, muscle tenderness, and neuromuscular function indicators such as a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and range of motion (ROM). Transvaginal B-mode imaging had been employed to evaluate regional muscle echo intensity within QG [rectus femoris, RF; vastus lateralis, VL; vastus medialis, VM; vastus intermedius, VI]. After both DR sessions, changes in serum CK activity and muscle tenderness have tended to more increase in HDR compared to those of LDR. There was a significant interaction effect between exercise intensity during DR and the time course of serum CK activity(p<.05). However, there were no statistical differences between sessions in muscle tenderness. The time course of changes in the neuromuscular functions after DR were similar to those of regional muscle echo intensity regardless exercise intensity. Although neuromuscular function showed to decline in HDR more than those of LDR after DR, no statistical differences between sessions. In contrast, there were significant interaction effects between sessions and time course of changes in RF and VL muscle echo intensity(p<.01), but not shown in those of VI and VM. These results indicated that each muscles within the QG show different response profiles for EIMD during DR, exercise intensity influences on these responses as well. In particular, current findings suggested that muscle echo intensity derived from ultrasound imaging is capable of detecting regional muscle damage in QG following DR.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

The problem of elderly people with weak physical health has become a very important issue in the aging society. Elderly people with very low judgment and decision-making skills often falls because of the degradation of the strength and balance. Due to the fall triggered off fractures, parenchyma damage, and casualties, generally fast emergency treatment is needed. In this paper, an automatic fall detection system consisting of a triaxial accelerometer and tilt sensor. Using the fall system, the performance of the system was analyzed in many situations. The experimental results showed more than 92% analytical skills.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.9 no.2 s.46
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• pp.29-33
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• 1970

이 책자는 기본간호의 구성요소를 분석한 것이며 이것은 간호원의 독특한 기능에 관한 다음과 같은 정의에서부터 나온 것이다. 즉 간호는 각개인이 병에 걸려 있거나 혹은 건강할때, 건강이나 질병으로부터의 회복(혹은 평화스러운 죽엄으로)에 도움이 되는 모든 활동을 수행함에 있어서 그를 돕는 일이며 이러한 일들은 만일 그가 필요한 힘, 의지 또는 지식을 가지고 있었다면 다른 사람의 도움없이도 할 수 있었을 것이다. 또한 각 개인이 가능한 한 속히 독립성을 회복하도록 돕는 일도 간호원의 기능인 것이다. 다시 말하면 간호원은 각개인이 다음과 같은 활동을 할 수 있도록 돕는것이다. (1) 정상적으로 호흡한다; (2) 적절하게 먹고 마신다; (3) 모든 배설통로를 통하여 배설한다; (4) 적당한 자세를 유지하고, 운동한다;(걷는 것, 눕는 것, 한 체위에서 다른 체위로 바꾸는 것); (5) 잠자고 휴식한다; (6) 적당한 의복을 선택학, 옷을 입고, 옷을 벗는다; (7) 의복을 적당히 조정하고 환경을 조절함으로써 체온을 정상적으로 유지하도록 한다; (8) 신체를 청결하게, 몸을 단정히 하고 표피를 보호한다; (9) 환경으로부터 오는 위험을 피하고 다른 사람을 손상케 하는 위험을 방지하다록 한다; (10) 감정, 욕구, 공포, 또는 ''느낌''을 표현할 때 다른 사람들과 의사를 소통한다; (11) 그의 신앙에 따라서 예배한다; (12) 성취감을 가져올 수 있는 어떤 작업을 한다; (13) 유희, 또는 각종 오락에 참여한다; (13) 건강한 생활로 ''정상적'' 발전을 할 수 있게 만드는 방법을 배우고, 발견하고 또는 호기심을 만족시킨다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.101-103
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• 2009

40-day-old mixed male puppy was presented with a 10-day history of tenesmus and extensive ulcerative lesion of perineum. At physical examination, the dog was voiding mainly from an orifice in the perineal fistula. On fistulogram, a urethroperineal fistula was diagnosed. The dog was treated by wet dressing for wound management and antibiotics for 4weeks. Subsequently, the patient improved and no complication or recurrence was presented.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.38-45
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• 1996

우리의 일상 생활에 있어 가정용 전기기기는 우리 삶의 일부분이라고 말할 수 있을 정도로 그 존재 가치가 절대적이다. 최근 반도체 기술의 발달은 이러한 기기의 제어를 기계적인 방법에서 digital 방식의 전자자적인 방법으로 바꾸어 놓고 있다. 이러한 전자적인 제어장치를 갖는 기기로 의 발전은 사용상의 편리함을 갖고 있는 반면 EMC(Electromagnetic Compactibility)부분에 취약한 단점을 가지고 있다. 특히 가정용 전기기기는 물론이고 전동공구류 또한 일반 가정에서 쉽게 사용 될 수 있는 기기이므로 전자파장해에 대한 문제는 기기의 오동작 문제를 떠나 사용자 신체의 손상 등 위해를 가할수 있는 가능성을 항상 갖고 있다. 가정용 전기기기 및 전동 공구류에 대한 EMC문 제는 장착된 Micro-Processor 구동을 위한 clock 신호, 모터 등 회전기 부분에서 발생하는 불연속 적인 전자파 noise, 전원선에서 발생하는 전도성 noise와 방사성 noise가 그 원인이 되고 있으며 이러한 전자파 noise는 주변에서 동작하고 있는 다른 기기의 동작을 방해하고 또한 주변에서 동작 하고 있는 다른 기기로부터의 전자파 noise에 의해 자신이 영향을 받아 불필요한 오동작을 유발하 기도 한다. 여기에서는 EMI 부분의 경우 금번 고시 내용과 기존의 전기용품 안전관리법의 내용을 비교하였 으며, EMS 부분은 가정용 전기기기 뿐만아니라 고시된 해당 제품 모두를 비교하여 관련 제조업체 및 관계자에게 도움이 되도록 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2010

인공관절은 노인성 질환이나 자가 면역질환, 신체적인 외상 등에 의한 관절의 손상 부위를 대체하기 위해 고안된 관절의 인공대용물로써 최근 인구의 고령화와 질병, 사고의 증가에 따라 그 수요가 급격히 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 인공관절의 소재로는 현재 metal-on-polymer(MOP) 소재가 가장 많이 사용되고 있는데, metal 소재로서는 Co-Cr계 합금이, polymer 소재로서는 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌 (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) 이 주로 사용되고 있다. MOP 소재의 경우 충격흡수의 장점이 있는 반면 wear debris에 의한 골용해로 인해 관절이 느슨해지는 문제점이 발생하여 재시술의 주요 원인이 되고 있다. 또한 metal 소재로 주로 사용되고 있는 Co-Cr계 합금의 경우 인공관절의 마모, 부식 현상에 의해 Co, Cr등이 체내에 용출되어 세포독성의 문제를 일으킬 수 있다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고체원소 이온주입 기술을 이용하여 316L stainless steel 기판에 niobium을 이온 주입 한 후 niobium nitride (NbN) 박막을 증착하여 counterpart 소재인 초고분자량 폴리에틸렌(UHMWPE) 의 마모를 줄이는 실험을 진행하였다. Pin-on-disk tribometer를 통해 마모 테스트를 진행하여 NbN 박막의 내마모특성을 평가하였으며, 박막의 결정구조 및 화학적 특성을 평가하기 위해 XRD, AES 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 박막의 경도와 표면조도를 측정하기 위해 micro hardness tester, AFM을 이용하였다.