• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

Protoplasts were isolated from the leaf mesophyll tissue of in vitro 4-weeks-old Arabidopsis thaliana and cultured in MS liquid medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L BAP and 9% mannitol in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$. When protoplast-derived microcolonies were dehydrated, the frequency of callus induction enhanced approximately 7-fold higher compared with non-dehydrated microcolonies in CP medium. Fifty callus lines were selected from dehydrated microcolonies. Shoots were efficiently initiated from the green spots of the selected shoot forming calli cultured on MS regeneration medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/L IAA, 7.0 mg/L 2-iP and 30 g/L sucrose under continous illumination for 4 weeks. Shoot regeneration frequencies (calli regenerating at least one shoot) were 3.5%~56%. Histological observations of shoot forming callus revealed that tracheary elements initiated from inner compact cells, and that meristemoids developed to shoot primordia and shoots. Roots were induced from these regenerating shoots on MS medium without phytohormones. These regenerants were successfully transplanted into potting soil. Morphological characterization of 50 protoplast-derived plants showed that the frequency of normal type was 78%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.704-711
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• 2011

Traditionally, mistletoes have been used as immunostimulant for the management of certain diseases such as cancer with high profile immune depleting potentials. In order to examine the safety of the 20 kGy irradiated cold water extract powder of mistletoes, we performed a 90-day repeated-dose toxicity study with ICR mice. The mice were treated with daily doses of the 20 kGy irradiated cold water extract powder of mistletoes by gavage at 0, 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg/day for 90 consecutive days. We recorded clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, organ weights, histological changes in target organs, hematology, and clinical blood chemistry analysis data for all mice. There were no significant changes in body and organ weights during the experimental period. The hematological analysis and clinical blood chemistry data revealed no toxic effects from the 20 kGy irradiated cold water extract powder of mistletoes. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed between the control and treated mice of both sexes. Collectively, these data suggest that the 20 kGy irradiated cold water extract powder of mistletoes have a high margin of safety.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.85-85
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• 2018

인공재배한 매실나무 겨우살이(PM)의 동결건조시료와 자연산 굴참나무겨우살이(QM)의 열풍건조시료의 80% 에탄올 및 물 초음파추출물을 4종의 세포주(HEK 293, HepG2, AGS, MCF-7)배지에 첨가하여 MTT assay로 농도에 따른 세포생존율을 조사하였다. 시료의 HEK 293(인간신장 정상세포)에 대한 세포 독성은 $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 PM의 80% 에탄올 추출물 및 물 추출물 처리군의 생존율은 각각 $86.30{\pm}2.87%$, $89.27{\pm}0.86%$, QM의 80% 에탄올 추출물 및 물 추출물의 생존율은 각각 $80.76{\pm}1.67%$, $78.07{\pm}0.67%$이었다. HepG2(인간 간암세포)에 대한 항암활성을 측정한 결과 PM과 QM 모두 80% 에탄올 추출물이 물 추출물보다 비교적 높은 항암활성을 나타내었으며 $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 QM 80% 에탄올 추출물이 $57.33{\pm}1.30%$의 생존율을 나타내어 항암활성이 가장 높았고, PM 물 추출물이 $76.45{\pm}2.62%$의 생존율을 나타내어 항암활성이 가장 낮았다. AGS(인간 위암세포)에 대한 독성을 측정한 결과 모든 겨우살이에서 80% 에탄올추출물이 더 높은 독성을 나타내었으며, $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 QM 80% 에탄올 추출물의 생존률이 $60.94{\pm}2.44%$로 비교적 항암활성이 높았고, PM 물 추출물이 $80.10{\pm}1.96%$의 생존율을 나타내어 항암활성이 낮았다. MCF-7(인간 유방암세포)는 $100{\mu}g/ml$에서 QM 80% 에탄올 추출물이 $69.44{\pm}1.56$의 생존율로 비교적 높은 항암활성을 나타내었으며, PM 80% 에탄올 추출물이 $88.30{\pm}4.12%$로 낮은 항암활성을 나타내었다. PM 물 추출물이 $73.23{\pm}3.16$으로 PM 80% 에탄올 추출물보다 비교적 높은 항암활성을 나타내었다. 결론적으로, HepG2(인간 간암세포)와 AGS(인간 위암세포)에 대해서 굴참나무겨우살이 80% 에탄올 추출물의 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도가 적합하였고, 매실나무겨우살이는 물 추출물 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 MCF-7(인간 유방암세포)에 대한 항암소재로 적합하였다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 1992

The Yeongchun area is located at the central part of the Danyang Coalfield, where Precambrian granitoids, Cambro-Ordovician Choseon Supergroup, Carboniferous-early Triassic Pyeongan Supergroup, middle Triassic-Jurassic Bansong Group and extrusive tuffs are exposed. The rocks in the area underwent four phases of deformation, which are (a) $D_1$ : Movement of the Okdong Fault, (b) $D_2$ : Formation of NW-SE trending folds and stretching lineations, (c) $D_3$: Movement of the Gagdong Thrust Fault and associated structures of NNE-SSW trending folds, and (d) $D_4$ : E-W trending strike-slip faults and folds. During the $D_3$-event, flexural slip deformation intensively affected rocks in the area. Strain measurements show relatively low strain intensity in the area. The types of strain ellipsoid are prolate in the hangingwall area and those near to the footwall area range from plane strain to weak oblate. The oblate type is developed in the region far from the footwall area.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2010

Ilmenite ore bodies are deposited within the Precambrian anorthosite body distributed in the Hadonggun and Sancheonggun district, Gyeongsangnamdo. This study tries to identify the occurrence of ilmenite ore body in titanium mine area distributed in Wheolheongri, Okjongmyon, Hadonggun and six mining concession areas (Danseong claim no. 64, 65, 74, 75, 84, 85) in Danseongmyon, Sancheonggun. Wheolheongri ilmenite ore body occurs as vein with about 10~50 m width and 100 m length and shows NNE strike and NW dipping. High grade ore with $TiO_2$ 20 wt% in this area is distributed in intercumulated anorthosite and is sheared and brecciated. Ilmenite occurring in this type is commonly associated with hornbelnde. Ilmenite ore bodies distributed in Danseonggun, Sancheongmyon are deposited in layered anorthosite. They occur as stratiform with variable width from several and several tens meters. Ilmenite which is disseminated in the matrix is sheared and elongated. This type shows generally low grade ($TiO_2$ 1.0~6.0 wt%). The ilmenite ore bodies occur as vein and stratiform, and the former shows higher grade than the latter.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.70-85
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• 2012

Uiseong Tamni-ri Five-storied Stone Pagoda is composed of andesitic tuff and partially combined with tuff breccia and fine-grained granite. The andesitic tuff is identical to basement rock of Geumseongsan Mountain based on lithological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. The pagoda has suffered physical weathering such as crack and scaling, discoloration and biological colonization with complex reaction. Expecially, dark gray and brown discoloration appeared whole over the surface of the pagoda, and three to five-layered exfoliation and granular disintegration dominantly occurred in the fourth and fifth roof stones. It is assuming that the stone elements of the pagoda are evaluated as third to forth grades (average third grade) of weathering compared to fresh rock in Geumseongsan Mountain. The physical strength of the stone elements shows low values in the south and west sides of the pagoda that corresponds high weathering degree of the west side due to exfoliation, crack and granular disintegration. It is necessary to investigate the pagoda for precise deterioration assessment, monitoring and conservation treatment.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

For the successful execution of an ODA project, it is necessary to know what areas are weak and necessary to the country of demand exactly. The health sector is also a top priority in most of developing countries. This study was carried out to introduce non-communicable disease (NCD) in Fiji for ODA projects planning. The major causes of death in Fiji in 2016 are diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, lower respiratory infect, asthma in ranking. The major causes of death in Korea in same year are cancer, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia, suicide, diabetes in the order of ranking. The chronic disease as non-communicable disease (NCD) has been increasing continuously due to changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns and population aging in prevalence rate. This global trend is also apparent in Fiji and Korea, reflected in increasing mortality and personal costs for the treatment and management of NCD. The need for a sustained comprehensive treatment tailored for individual patients has suggested from many studies and the development of a systematic program to manage NCD patients to provide such care have been recommended. The Fiji government developed Non-communicable Diseases Strategic Plan 2015-2019 and has tried to reduce the prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases by factors. The WHO global action plan guiding national-level NCD policies requires an NCD prevention and control model at the community level, presenting strategic goals and detailed options for the introduction and application of the approach to communities. It is necessary to develop an NCD prevention and control model, consisting of a strategy of community intervention, education for students and NCD patients, and the legal enactment of NCD that adequately meets the needs of community members.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.242-248
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• 2007

Purpose: To study the effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on oral mucositis induced by cisplatin and radiotherapy in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four ICR mice were divided into three groups-the normal control group, the no rhEGF group (treatment with cisplatin and radiation) and the rhEGF group (treatment with cisplatin, radiation and rhEGF). A model of mucositis induced by cisplatin and radiotherapy was established by injecting mice with cisplatin (10 mg/kg) on day 1 and with radiation exposure (5 Gy/day) to the head and neck on days $1{\sim}5$. rhEGF was administered subcutaneously on days -1 to 0 (1 mg/kg/day) and on days 3 to 5 (1 mg/kg/day). Evaluation included body weight, oral intake, and histology. Results: For the comparison of the change of body weight between the rhEGF group and the no rhEGF group, a statistically significant difference was observed in the rhEGF group for the 5 days after day 3 of. the experiment. The rhEGF group and no rhEGF group had reduced food intake until day 5 of the experiment, and then the mice demonstrated increased food intake after day 13 of the of experiment. When the histological examination was conducted on day 7 after treatment with cisplatin and radiation, the rhEGF group showed a focal cellular reaction in the epidermal layer of the mucosa, while the no rhEGF group did not show inflammation of the oral mucosa. Conclusion: These findings suggest that rhEGF has a potential to reduce the oral mucositis burden in mice after treatment with cisplatin and radiation. The optimal dose, number and timing of the administration of rhEGF require further investigation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.347-357
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated bone mineral density and nutritional state according to consumption of milk in Korean postmenopausal women who drink coffee. Methods: Using the 2008~2009 Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey data, a total of 1,373 postmenopausal females aged 50 yrs and over were analyzed after excluding those with diseases related to bone health. According to coffee and/or milk consumption, subjects were divided into four groups: coffee only, both coffee & milk, milk only, and none of the above. All data were processed after application of weighted values and adjustment of age, body mass index, physical activity, drinking, and smoking using a general linear model. For analysis of nutrient intake and bone density, data were additionally adjusted by total energy and calcium intake. Results: The coffee & milk group had more subjects younger than 65 yrs and higher education, urban residents, and higher income than any other group. The coffee only group showed somewhat similar characteristics as the none of the above group, which showed the highest percentage of subjects older than 65 and in a lower education and socio-economic state. Body weight, height, body mass index, and lean mass were the highest in coffee & milk group and lowest in the none of the above group. On the other hand, the milk only group showed the lowest values for body mass index and waist circumference, whereas percent body fat did not show any difference among the groups. The coffee and milk group showed the highest bone mineral density in the total femur and lumbar spine as well as the highest nutritional state and most food group intakes, followed by the milk only group, coffee only group, and none of the above group. In the assessment of osteoporosis based on T-score of bone mineral density, although not significant, the coffee and milk group and milk only group, which showed a better nutritional state, included more subjects with a normal bone density, whereas the none of the above group included more subjects with osteoporosis than any other group. Conclusion: Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women might not be affected by coffee drinking if their diets are accompanied by balanced food and nutrient intake including milk.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.493-501
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• 2007

The imprecise real-time system provides flexibility in scheduling time-critical tasks. Most scheduling problems of satisfying both 0/1 constraint and timing constraints, while the total error is minimized, are NP-complete when the optional tasks have arbitrary processing times. Liu suggested a reasonable strategy of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraint on uniprocessors for minimizing the total error. Song et at suggested a reasonable strategy of scheduling tasks with the 0/1 constraint on multiprocessors for minimizing the total error. But, these algorithms are all off-line algorithms. In the online scheduling, the NORA algorithm can find a schedule with the minimum total error for the imprecise online task system. In NORA algorithm, EDF strategy is adopted in the optional scheduling. On the other hand, for the task system with 0/1 constraint, EDF_Scheduling may not be optimal in the sense that the total error is minimized. Furthermore, when the optional tasks are scheduled in the ascending order of their required processing times, NORA algorithm which EDF strategy is adopted may not produce minimum total error. Therefore, in this paper, an online algorithm is proposed to minimize total error for the imprecise task system with 0/1 constraint. Then, to compare the performance between the proposed algorithm and NORA algorithm, a series of experiments are performed. As a conseqence of the performance comparison between two algorithms, it has been concluded that the proposed algorithm can produce similar total error to NORA algorithm when the optional tasks are scheduled in the random order of their required processing times but, the proposed algorithm can produce less total error than NORA algorithm especially when the optional tasks are scheduled in the ascending order of their required processing times.