• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 1985

Leptospira isolated from patients and natural paddy water were further studied to confirm their serologic specificity with the bacteria in infected animal tissue and autopsied tissue of patients died with leptospirosis. And pathologic patterns of the inoculated antimal and the virulence of the bacteria in the animals were also studied. The findings are summarized as follows; $LD_{50}$ dose of the bacteria in guinea-pig were $1-2{\times}10^9$ cells and mice were found to be susceptible to them even though the degree of susceptibilities were much inferior to guinea pig. The bacteria were recovered from various organs; demonstrated massive hemorrages due to diapedesis and monocyte infiltration were observed, in some cases, intramedullary hemorrages of the infected kidnies and hematuria were recognized. All of the hyperimmune sera were strongly reacted with the tissues from autopsied human case who died of EPHF(Epidemic Pulmonary Hemorrhagic Fever) in immunofluorescent antibody tests.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2007

Twenty-six renal allograft biopsies which showed acute rejection and had renal capsule and medulla in the same specimen were selected in order to compare the severity of acute rejection between superficial cortex, deep cortex and medulla. Disregarding the mid cortical region, the superficial cortex was considered as being one-third of the distance from the renal capsule to the medulla and the deep cortex as being that one-third of the cortex which was adjacent to the medulla. Using semiquantitative histologic analysis the following parameters were compared in superficial cortex, deep cortex, and medulla: interstitial inflammation, edema, tubulitis, and acute tubulointerstitial rejection grade. Also, the presence of lymphocyte activation and polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated. Significantly greater histologic changes of acute rejection were found in the deep cortex vs. supeficial cortex for the following parameters: interstitial inflammation(P=0.013), edema (P=0.023) and tubulointerstitial rejection grade(P=0.016). These findings support the view that biopsies in which deep cortex is not included may result in underestimation of the severity of renal allograft rejection.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.218-231
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• 2012

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physico-chemical water quality, trophic and tolerance guilds in the control ($C_o$) and impacted streams of the abandoned mine, along with the ecological health, using a multimetric health model and physical habitat conditions of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI), during the period of three years, 2005~2007. Also, eco-toxicity ($EE_t$) enclosure tests were conducted to examine the toxic effects on the outflows from the mine wastewater, using the sentinel species of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, and we compared the biological responses of the control ($C_o$) and treatment (T) to the effluents through a Necropybased Health Assessment Index ($N_b$-HAI). Tissue impact analysis of the spleen, kidney, gill, liver, eyes, and fins were conducted in the controlled enclosure experiments (10 individuals). According to the comparisons of the control ($C_o$) vs. the treatment (T) in physicochemical water quality, outflows from the abandoned mine resulted in low pH of 3.2, strong acid wastewater, high ionic concentrations, based on an electrical conductivity, and high total dissolved solid (TDS). Physical habitat assessments, based on Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) did not show any statistical differences (p>0.05) in the sampling sites, whereas, the $M_m$-EH model values in a multimetric ecological health ($M_m$-EH) model of the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI), using fish assemblages, were 16~20 (fair condition) in the control and all zero (0, poor condition) in the impacted sites of mine wastewater. In addition, in enclosure eco-toxicity ($EE_t$) tests, the model values of $N_b$-HAI ranged between 0 and 3 in the controls during the three years, indicating an excellent~good condition (Ex~G), and were >100 (range: 100~137) in the impacted sites, which indicates a poor condition (P). Under the circumstances, organ tissues, such as the liver, kidney, and gills were largely impaired, so that efficient water quality managements are required in the outflow area of the abandoned mine watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.146-146
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• 1993

신장에서 브라디키닌(Bradikinin, BK)의 생리적 역할을 규명하기 위한 첫 단계로 토끼신장 근위세뇨관의 일차배양세포를 이용, BK 수용체를 ($^3$H) BK를 이용하여 수용체결합실험을 함과 아울러 세포배양과정에서 여러 성장인자들의 BK 수용체발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 첫째, 토끼 신장의 피질, 수질 및 근 위세뇨관 둥 각 부위에 대한 BK 수용체결합 실험결과 신수질 부분에 가장 많은 BK 수용체가 발견되었으며 이때 해리항수는 0.52 nM, 그리고 최대결합부위는 mg 단배질당 112.5 fmol이었다. 둘째, serum free 배지에서 insulin, transferrin 그리고 hydrocortisone이 성장인자로 사용될 때 BK 수용체발현이 가장 높았으며 이 중 인슐린에 가장 큰 영향을 받았다. 한편 인슐린의 최적농도를 결정하는 실험의 결과 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml매서 가장 높은 수용체발현을 나타내었으며 그 이상에서는 별다른 차이를 보이지 못했다. 세째, 위의 세 성장인자에 prostaglandin E$_1$이나 triiodothyronine을 첨가시 BK 수용체발현은 오히려 저하되었다. 네째, fetal bovine serum (FBS)과 위의 세 성장인자간의 수용체발현능을 비교한 실험에서 세포배양 후 첫 일주일에는 FBS가 세 성장인자보다 약간 나은 수용체발현능을 나타내었으나 그후 이주째에는 세 성장인자가 BK 수용체발현에 더 적절한 요소임을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 토끼 근위세뇨관 상피세포에서의 BK 수용체발현은 세포성장인자로 insulin, transferrin, hydrocortisone 중 insulin에 가장 큰 영향을 받는것으로 보이며, 이들 세가지 성장인자는 serum free 배지에서 세포성장 및 기능에 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다.prolidine이 $K_{M}$ /K$_{H}$ 비가 가장 높았고 diphenidol이 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 항 histamine제의 muscarinic receptor 차단작용은 이들 약물의 항 alleragy 효과에 필요한 작용이 아니며 본 실험에서 추정된 항 histamine제의 H$_1$-receptor와 muscarinic receptor에 대한 상대적 역가는 이들 약물의 선택과 평가에 중요한 지표가 될수 있을 것으로 생각된다.ing ischemic insults. The nature of the receptor is being explored by molecular genetic techniques, and we have recently cloned two of the major subunits; some of the data will be presented.LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다. 이러한 결과는 다른 보고자들과 유사한 결과를

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.2 s.52
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• pp.187-196
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• 2007

The Dalseong acid mine drainage were studied focused on the characters of schwertmannite that controls geochemistry of the stream. Besides chemical analysis of stream water, particle size analysis, XRD SEM and TEM were performed on precipitates of streams and on wasted metalliferous ores. The AMD discharged from the abandoned mine reveals a decrease of pH and EC downward stream. Euhedral sulfur occurs as equigranular aggregates on the altered pyrite while fine acicula goethite coalesces to form cross, star, or starfish-like shapes. Water chemistry plotted on the Eh-pH diagram shows that schwertmannite and ferrihydrite are stable phases. Reddish brown precipitates consist of mostly schwertmannite with less goethite, whereas yellowish brown precipitates are composed of geothite with less schwertmannite. The particle size of precipitates ranges $d(0.1)\;0.861{\mu}m{\sim}3.769{\mu}m,\;d(0.5)\;3.984{\mu}m{\sim}15.255{\mu}m,\;and\;d(0.9)\;9.875{\mu}m{\sim}56.726{\mu}m$. Schwertmannite is characterized by equigranular spheric form. Pincushion or spicule with 100nm width and $200{\sim}300nm$length form on schwertmannite sphere with radial growth patterns. It is highly probable that reddish or yellowish brown precipitates formed in many AMDs may contain schwerhnannite. Because it can serve as sink for removing heavy elements by adsorption in AMD system, there is a need to correctly identify schwertmannite in precipitates and to characterize its phase stability.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.172-182
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• 2009

This study was to analyze characteristics based on tolerance and trophic guilds and to determine the level of total mercury in tissues of sentinel species, Zacco platypus at 3 sampling sites of the Mangyeong River in 2007. Total sampled fishes were 26 species and the most dominant species was Zacco temminckii (47%). Fish community analysis was resulted that eveness index and diversity index showed low value at S1. However, diversity index and richness index at other sites showed high. According to various guilds analysis, relative abundance of sensitive species was 70% and 42% at S1 and S2, respectively. While sensitive species were decreased (1%) and tolerant species were increased (60%) at S3. It was mainly carried to the impacts of wastewater treatment plants near the location. Relative abundance of insectivore species was decreased from up (S1) to midstream area (S3). In addition, chemical water quality, based on analyses of BOD, COD, TP, TN, EC, MPN and SS concentration showed similar trends. Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was averaged 164, judged as "good" habitat condition. Average concentrations of total [Hg] was 146.9 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$. In the muscles of total [Hg] was the highest, and then followed by kidney, vertebrae, liver, and gills. According to FDA standards (500 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$) of Korea, total [Hg] has not affected to the individual fish health.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2013

Purpose : To evaluate the usefulness of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for tracking intravenously injected superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in an acute renal failure (ARF) rat model. Materials and Methods: HUVECs were labeled with SPIO and poly-L-lysine (PLL) complex. Relaxation rates at 1.5-T MR, cell viability, and labeling stability were assessed. HUVECs were injected into the tail vein of ARF rats (labeled cells in 10 rats, unlabeled cells in 2 rats). Follow-up serial $T2^*$-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging was performed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after injection, and the MR findings were compared with histologic findings. Results: There was an average of $98.4{\pm}2.4%$ Prussian blue stain-positive cells after labeling with SPIOPLL complex. Relaxation rates ($R2^*$) of all cultured HUVECs at day 3 and 5 were not markedly decreased compared with that at day 1. The stability of SPIO in HUVECs was maintained during the proliferation of HUVECs in culture media. In the presence of left unilateral renal artery ischemia, $T2^*$-weighted MR imaging performed 1 day after the intravenous injection of labeled HUVECs revealed a significant signal intensity (SI) loss exclusively in the left renal outer medulla regions, but not in the right kidney. The MR imaging findings at days 3, 5 and 7 after intravenous injection of HUVECs showed a SI loss in the outer medulla regions of the ischemically injured kidney, but the SI progressively recovered with time and the right kidney did not have a significant change in SI in the same period. Upon histologic analysis, the SI loss on MR images was correspondent to the presence of Prussian blue stained cells, primarily in the renal outer medulla. Conclusion: MR imaging appears to be useful for in vivo monitoring of intravenously injected SPIO-labeled HUVECs in an ischemically injured rat kidney.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2013

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by impaired transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the proximal renal tubule, resulting in the formation of cystine stones. It is believed to account for about 1% of all kidney stones and up to 10% of pediatric stones. Here we report a case of cystinuria with multiple renal stones confirmed by genetic mutational analysis. An 8-month-old girl was admitted to AMC with persistent fever and multiple renal stones. A renal sonogram showed multiple stones at the right renal pelvis, right distal ureter, and left renal medullary portion. An approximately 1 cm renal stone was extracted spontaneously, and stone analysis revealed it to be composed entirely of cystine. Cystinuria was confirmed by increased urine dibasic amino acid levels, including cysteine, and genetic mutational analysis showed the patient to be a homozygote for the pathogenic c. 1820del (p.L607fs) of SLC3A1. Despite treatment with oral hydration and urinary alkalinization, and restricted intake of animal protein, the stones increased in size and number. The patient has since been treated with tiopronin.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.282-293
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• 2020

This study investigated a long-term variation trend of water quality, fish compositions, and ecological health conditions in the Gwanpyeong stream located in the nearby Daejeon metropolitan city to understand the impact of urban development projects on the aquatic ecosystem. The sampling was made in four surveys (2009, 2010, 2016, 2019) before and after urbanization. The urban development was conducted in 2008, resulting in the stream's ecological disturbance, and the stream restoration was conducted in 2012. Thus, stream monitoring was conducted to analyze the ecological trends before and after the restoration. The multi-metric models for Fish Assessment Index(FAI) and necropsy-based Health Assessment Index(HAI) were applied in the fish community and organ-level, respectively, to assess the ecological health of the stream. Minimum turbidity and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) occurred in the mid-stream(St. 2), and this was probably due to rapid current velocity in the riffle zone. We collected 18 fish species, and the dominant species was Zacco platypus (40.6%). In 2016 immediately after the stream restoration, the relative proportions of sensitive species and insectivore species were the highest along with highest values in the species diversity and species richness index, resulting in the best condition in the ecological health, based on FAI model values. However, the ecological health, based on the FAI, became worse in the latest survey conducted in 2019. The analysis of the HAI model based on the organ-level approach showed skin erosion in the fish of upper stream, kidney defects in downstream, and the liver and gill defects observed in all sites, indicating that the anatomical health was also affected.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1378-1384
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• 2010

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of heavy metal contamination in the aquatic environment on the fishes (Opsariichthys bidens, Cyprinus carpio, Hemiculter eigenmanni and Culter brevicauda) inhabiting Andong and Imha reservoirs by comparing and analyzing the heavy metal contents accumulated in their tissues. Heavy metal contents were shown to be higher in the Andong reservoir than in the Imha reservoir. Accumulated heavy metals, Cr, Cu and Pb, were detected in tissues and bone tissues, but Cd was also found in the kidneys. Zn content was the highest among accumulated metals, whereas Cu content was the lowest in all tissues from the fishes in the Andong and Imha reservoirs. However, the amount of Cr in the tissues showed a twofold higher level in the Andong reservoir than that in Imha reservoir. The heavy metal contents of fish inhabiting the Andong reservoir were detected to be higher than those in the Imha reservoir. We also proposed that heavy metal contamination in water and its inhabiting fish is attributed to various heavy metals derived from water and sediments in the water environment of the Andong reservoir.