Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Long-term Changes of Fish Ecological Characteristics on the Gwanpyeong Stream Development and the Necropsy-based Health Assessments

관평천 개발에 따른 장기간 어류 생태적 특성 변화 및 해부학적 건강도 평가

  • Oh, Ja Yun (Institute of Environment Biosystem, Chungnam National Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Jae (Chemical Safety Division, Jeonbuk Regional Environmental Office) ;
  • An, Kwang-Guk (Dept. of Biological Science, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National Univ.)
  • 오자윤 (충남대학교 환경생물시스템 연구소) ;
  • 이상재 (전북지방환경청) ;
  • 안광국 (충남대학교 생명시스템과학대학 생물과학과)
  • Received : 2020.04.28
  • Accepted : 2020.08.20
  • Published : 2020.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated a long-term variation trend of water quality, fish compositions, and ecological health conditions in the Gwanpyeong stream located in the nearby Daejeon metropolitan city to understand the impact of urban development projects on the aquatic ecosystem. The sampling was made in four surveys (2009, 2010, 2016, 2019) before and after urbanization. The urban development was conducted in 2008, resulting in the stream's ecological disturbance, and the stream restoration was conducted in 2012. Thus, stream monitoring was conducted to analyze the ecological trends before and after the restoration. The multi-metric models for Fish Assessment Index(FAI) and necropsy-based Health Assessment Index(HAI) were applied in the fish community and organ-level, respectively, to assess the ecological health of the stream. Minimum turbidity and chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) occurred in the mid-stream(St. 2), and this was probably due to rapid current velocity in the riffle zone. We collected 18 fish species, and the dominant species was Zacco platypus (40.6%). In 2016 immediately after the stream restoration, the relative proportions of sensitive species and insectivore species were the highest along with highest values in the species diversity and species richness index, resulting in the best condition in the ecological health, based on FAI model values. However, the ecological health, based on the FAI, became worse in the latest survey conducted in 2019. The analysis of the HAI model based on the organ-level approach showed skin erosion in the fish of upper stream, kidney defects in downstream, and the liver and gill defects observed in all sites, indicating that the anatomical health was also affected.

본 연구에서는 2009-2019년 기간 동안 대전시 외곽의 도심개발에 따른 인근 하천(관평천)의 상류, 중류, 하류의 구간에서 4회 조사(2009, 2010, 2016, 2019)를 통해 이화학적 수질, 어류 종 조성, 생태 건강성 특성에 대해 장기간 변화추이를 분석하였다. 본 하천지역에서 도심개발은 2008년에 이루어졌고, 2012년에는 하천복원사업이 수행되어 하천복원 전과 후의 특성변화 추이를 모니터링 하였다. 하천 생태건강도 평가를 위해 군집수준의 어류평가지수(Fish Assessment Index, FAI)를 이용하였고, 어류의 기관(Organ) 수준에서 해부학적 건강도(Necropsy-based Health Assessment Index, HAI) 분석을 실시하였다. 이화학적 수질 분석에서는 중류(St. 2)에서 가장 낮은 탁도와 엽록소(Chl-a)가 측정되었다. 이는 빠른 유속에 의한 물리적 요인 때문으로 나타났다. 어류 조사에서는 총 18종이 채집되었고, 피라미(Zacco platypus)가 가장 우점 하는 종(40.6%)으로 나타났다. 하천복원 직후(2016)에는 민감종(Sensitive species)과 충식종(Insectivore species)이 우점, 종 다양도 및 종 풍부도 지수 상승, 생태건강도 지수(FAI)가 상승하여 생태 건강도는 "최상상태(A: 87.5)"로 나타났으나 가장 최근 조사인 2019년에는 전 기간에 비해 악화되는 것으로 나타났다. 기관(Organ) 분석에 의거한 해부학적 건강도 지수(HAI) 분석에 따르면, 피부손상(Skin)은 상류에서, 신장 손상(Kidney)은 하류 역에서 나타났고, 간(Liver)과 아가미(Gill)의 손상은 모든 지점에서 나타나 해부학적 측면의 건강도에서도 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, S.M., A.M. Brown and R.W. Goede(1993) A quantitative health assessment index for rapid evaluation of fish condition in the field. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 122: 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0063:AQHAIF>2.3.CO;2
  2. An, G.K. and J.H. Han(2007) A development of multi-metric approach for ecological health assessments in lentic ecosystems. Korean Journal of Limnolgy. 40(1): 72-81.
  3. An, G.K., J.H. Han and J.H. Lee(2012) Environmental impact assessments along with construction of residential and commercial complex. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment 21(5): 631-648. https://doi.org/10.14249/EIA.2012.21.5.631
  4. An, G.K., J.H. Kim, D.Y. Bae and J.Y. Lee(2006) Preliminary studies on the necropsy-based health assessment index (hai) using a ecological indicator species. Journal of Limnolgy. 39(1): 62-72.
  5. Dean, T.L. and J. Richardson(1999). Responses of seven species of native freshwater fish and a shrimp to low levels of dissolved oxygen. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33(1): 99-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1999.9516860
  6. Eitzmann, J.L. and C.P. Paukert(2010) Urbanization in a Great Plains river: Effects on fishes and food webs. River Research and Applications 26(8): 948-959. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1326
  7. Elmore, A.J. and S.S. Kaushal(2008) Disappearing headwaters: Patterns of stream burial due to urbanization. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6(6): 308-312. https://doi.org/10.1890/070101
  8. Karr, J.R.(1981). Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6(6): 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1981)006<0021:AOBIUF>2.0.CO;2
  9. Kim, I.J. and D.H. Han(2008) A small stream management plan to protect the aquatic ecosystem. Korea Environment Institute Research Report. Korea Environment Institute 2008: 1-149.
  10. Kondolf, G.M. and E.R. Micheli(1995) Evaluating stream restoration projects. Environmental Management 19(1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02471999
  11. Margalef, R.(1958) Information theory in ecology. Generation System 3: 36-71.
  12. Oberdorff, T., D. Pont, B. Hugueny and J.P. Porcher(2002) Development and validation of a fish‐based index for the assessment of 'river health' in France. Freshwater Biology 47(9): 1720-1734. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00884.x
  13. Pennino, M.J., S.S. Kaushal, J.J. Beaulieu, P.M. Mayer and C.P. Arango(2014). Effects of urban stream burial on nitrogen uptake and ecosystem metabolism: Implications for watershed nitrogen and carbon fluxes. Biogeochemistry 121(1): 247-269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-9958-1
  14. Pielou, E.C.(1975) Ecological diversity. Wiley. New York. 165pp.
  15. Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver(1949) The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
  16. Simpson, E.H.(1949) Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688. https://doi.org/10.1038/163688a0
  17. U.S. EPA.(1993) Environmental monitoring systems laboratory-cincinnati office of modeling, monitoring systems and quality assurance office of research development. U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268. EPA 600-R-92-111.
  18. U.S. EPA.(2002). Summary of biological assessment programs and biocriteria development for states, tribes, territories, and interstate commissions: Streams and wadeable rivers. EPA-822-R-02-048.
  19. Violin, C.R., P. Cada, E.B. Sudduth, B.A. Hassett, D.L. Penrose and E.S. Bernhardt(2011) Effects of urbanization and urban stream restoration on the physical and biological structure of stream ecosystems. Ecological Applications 21(6): 1932-1949. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-1551.1
  20. Walsh, C.J., A.H. Roy, J.W. Feminella, P.D. Cottingham, P.M. Groffman and R.P. Morgan(2005) The urban stream syndrome: Current knowledge and the search for a cure. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 24(3): 706-723. https://doi.org/10.1899/04-028.1
  21. Yadav, N.S., A. Kumar and M.P. Sharma(2014) Ecological health assessment of Chambal River using water quality parameters. Journal of Integrated Science and Technology 2(2): 52-56.
  22. Yoon, J.D., M.H. Jang, D.H. Oh and G.J. Joo(2007). The characterization of fish communities in urban streams of the Busan metropolitan city and suggestions of stream restoration. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 40(2): 303-317.