• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.516-523
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and/or L-arginine on abdominal fat, IGF-1 on GH/IGF-1 axis, fibrinogen, and PAI-1 in aged and obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a D-galactose aging inducing agent (50 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated and divided into four groups: aging-high fat diet group (AG+HF), AG+HF with L-arginine intake group (AG+LA), AG+HF with exercise group (AG+EX), and AG+EX with L-arginine intake group (AG+LA+EX). The experimental rats underwent treadmill training (60 min/day, 6 days/week at 0% gradient) for 12 weeks. L-arginine was given orally (150 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. After the experiment, blood was collected from the left ventricle and abdominal fat was extracted. The results showed that GH was significantly increased in AG+EX and AG+AL+EX. IGF-1 was significantly increased in both the AG+AL+EX and AG+EX group ($p$<0.05), while fibrinogen and PAI-1 were not significantly different among the groups. Abdominal fat was significantly decreased in the AG+LA, AG+EX, and AG+LA+EX groups ($p$<0.05) compared with the AG+HF group. In conclusion, this study suggests that exercise alone or L-arginine alone or a combination not only increases the GH and IGF-1 concentration, but also decreases the abdominal fat mass.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.37 no.1 s.70
• /
• pp.121-142
• /
• 2006

EU는 당면과제인 과잉 어획능력을 해소하기 위해 공동어업정책하 어업구조정책의 하나로 '다년도지도프로그램(Multi Annual Guidance Programmes: MAGPs)'을 시행해 왔다. 지난 1983년부터 2002년까지 시행된 MAGP는 EU의 어업구조정책의 핵심 요소이다. 이러한MAGP는 최초 EU의 공공원조계획을 위한 체제의 하나로 입안되었으며, 그 목적은 어선 톤수와 마력수에 대한 각 회원국 어선의 능력을 동결하고자 하는 것이었다. 회원국들은 $4{\sim}5$년 주기로 각 국의 어선개발에 대한 정밀한 계획을 세워야하며, 어선의 용량(총톤수와 엔진출력)과 어획노력에 관한 목표들을 달성하도록 되어 있다. 이러한 감소 목표들은 독립된 과학적 조사결과에 따라 EU 위원회에 제안되고, 공동체 선박등록부에 의거 각국의 프로그램에 대한 적정 실현여부를 감시받고 있다. 또한 각 회원국들은 매년 4월 1일까지 EU위원회에 당해 MAGP의 실현에 대한 진도보고서를 제출하는 식으로 운영되어 왔다. 현재까지 4개의 MAGP가 시행되었다. 제1세대 MAGP(1983-1986년)는 회원국들에 강제적인 것은 아닌 관계로 별다른 성과가 없었으나, 공동체 어선들간의 어획능력 증가 경쟁에 대한 제어의 표현으로 의미가 있었다. 제2세대 MAGP(1987-1991년)에서는 처음으로 진출입 제어를 위한 매우 제한된 법규정이 만들어졌으며, 제3세대 MAGP(1992-1996년)에서는 공동체 어선 감소의 실제목표를 수여하는 첫 번째 계획이었다. 그리고 이 계획은 약 15%정도의 매 우 실질적인 어획능력 감소를 이루었다. 가장 최근에 끝난 4세대 MAGP(1997-2002)는 공동어업정책의 개혁 시간을 주기 위하여 1년 연장되었으며, 이 시스템은 만약 어선의 어획구성상 감소되는 어족자원의 비율이 낮으면 그 자원을 보호하고자 하는 것이었으나, 그 성과는 매우 낮았다. 이 4세대 계획의 또 다른 중요한 혁신은 회원국이 그들의 어선의 활동규제와 크기를 결합시키거나, 또는 전적으로 표본어선의 수익성 분석을 통해 어획능력을 제거하고자 하는 것이다. 그러나 이 역시 관리와 통제의 곤란으로 별 다른 성과를 거두지 못한 것으로 평가받고 있다. 그러나 많은 어려움과 제도상 불완전함에도 불구하고 MAGP는 일정한 효과를 거둔 것으로 보고되고 있다. 즉 어획능력은 지난 20년동안 전체적으로 25% 가량 감소하였으며, 특히 오래되고 비효율적인 어선에 대한 감척으로 어획능력 감소에 기여한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 이들 프로그램은 특히 보조금을 통해 어선의 제3국 영구이전과 낡고 비효율적인 어선의 신조를 가속화시킨 것으로 보고되고 있다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.251-259
• /
• 2014

Securing publicness and efficiencies are the two core goals for implementing quasi-public bus system. However, researches for evaluating the quasi-public bus system with respect to the two goals have been very limited. This study represents an attempt to evaluate the system performance in these two aspects. To achieve this, a framework for performance evaluation is developed. Utilizing the framework, the 5-year performances of the quasi-public bus system in Busan are evaluated. Acess, agency and public interests are employed as criteria for publicness evaluation. Financial aspects of operators, labor, vehicle utilization, productivity and operational costs are selected as indicators for efficiency evaluation. The results show that the publicness of bus services has been vastly improved, while the efficiency has been also improved in most areas except in cost and vehicle utilization aspects. The results of this study will be of use for planners and policy-makers developing strategies for system improvement. It is hoped that this study can be further refined by adding and adjusting indicators which this study may neglect or ignore.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2012

Microfinance has been an important tool for the economic growth and poverty alleviation. But the success factors and risk factors have not been synthesized in academic literature. This article has paid attention to success factors and potential risk of the Grameen Bank. Grameen Bank methodology is almost the reverse of the conventional banking methodology. Conventional banking is based on the principle that the more you have, the more you can get. Founder of Grameen Bank, Professor Yunus pointed out that, "The least you have the highest you have the priority to receive a loan". On the basis of theoretical literature, there have been different kinds of success factors of microfinance observed in this paper. Key success factors of Grameen Bank are like these: innovation, strict administrative structure, adaptation and learning practice, incentive system. Complementary services such as business consulting and brokerage will contribute to borrowers' economic performance development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2011

Speeding is a major cause of traffic accidents that affects the safety of pedestrians and harms drivers and their families, property and mental health. However, most researches on speeding behavior have been conducted by survey method, so the relationship between cause and effect is not clear. The reliability of the research cannot be carefully examined because most researches involve retrospective methods. It is clear that conducting experimental research is important for overcoming these limitations, but it is impossible to perform tests with real cars in real traffic situations due to the inability to control situational factors (e.g., other vehicles, traffic signal) which affect participants' behavior. A car simulator experiment was designed and the theory of planned behavior was applied to the experiment. Each participant was grouped and assigned to either high speeding intention group or low speeding intention group according to their levels of speeding intention and analyzed the difference of driving behavior indexes between two groups. The results revealed statistically significant differences between two groups on driving speed, speeding frequency, and accelerator pressure deviation. Finally, the limitations and the implications of this study were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.137-162
• /
• 2007

In democracy basic rights such as political equality and participation through elections have been respected, opportunities of corporation and opposition have been guaranteed, and ability of self-learning and self-correction have been developed. These positive factors give preconditions for the welfare development in the democratic state. Because in this state adults get the suffrage and the open competition for official positions induces political parties use social policies as means to win the election. That is to say, political parties have an incentive to use various social policies to win the election. Democracy, therefore, has affinity with social policy. The affinity between democracy and social policy can be found also in Korea which was democratized in 1987. But, in Korea, the positive relationship between democracy and social policy is very weak due to the problem of constitutional structures. Korean Parliament usually enacts abstract social act and delegates the right to fill concrete contents of the social acts to the executive. Delegation itself has no problem, but excessive delegation is a problem since the executive can overuse its discretion as sacrificing the social rights of the citizen. In addition social consensus could not be achieved in this constitutional structures, which are a obstacle to establishing a political process in the Parliament to promote the welfare development through party competition. Excessive delegation should be reduced, and the Parliament should fill concrete contents of the social acts as exercising its legislative power more. Then a mechanism of welfare development can be launched in Korea.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.21-40
• /
• 2002

The purposes of this study were to examine the conceptual structure of consumer characteristics and marketing elements affecting impulsive buying behavior of the CATV home-shopper on fashion products, and to compare the differences of consumer characteristics and marketing elements between impulsive buying shoppers and non-impulsive buying shoppers in CATV home-shopping. We collected data from 263 females of CATV home-shoppers in Busan. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, t- test, $\chi$2-test, and discriminant analysis. The results showed that the exploratory tendency of CATV home-shoppers was consisted of Patronage-orientation, and Product- orientation. The marketing elements perceived by CATV home-shoppers were composed of Promotion, Product and Payment method. There were differences of consumer characteristics and marketing elements between impulsive buying shoppers and non impulsive buying shoppers. Especially, impulsive tendency of shoppers and promotion factor of marketing were significant variables in the impulsive buying behavior of CATV home-shopping. The results provide information about impulsive buying behavior in CATV home-shopping, useful to consumer behavior researchers and retailers.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.21-40
• /
• 2006

Small and middle sized Franchise system channels experience conflicts because of constant interaction between franchiser and franchisee. However, it is rarely that attempt has been made to identify causes of conflicts in distribution of franchise industry. The purpose of this study was to explore cause of conflicts from the franchisee. For the study, data were collected from the owner or the shop-manager with a contractor in franchise systems. By means of in-depth interviews with multiple informants, their statement was analyzed qualitatively. From analysis of the resulting data, the causes of conflicts were associated with two broad sets, attitudinal and structural differences between franchisers and franchisees. First, attitudinal sources of conflict were identified as perception of subordinated relationships between channel members, delayed announcement on order changes, difficulties in communication by doing irresponsible behavior, different expectations between channel members in market territory and lack of consistent-supporting. Second, structural sources of conflict involved unilateral decision on interior, payment method, unreasonable delivery issue, treat franchisee with discrimination by the sales, in controlling against free management. There are limitations on generalization due to the results based on interview, but this study will be a useful exploratory step before designing a large scale survey.

• Korean small business review
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2021

The survival period according to technological capability was analyzed for about 22,500 innovative SMEs in the service industry. The survival period was defined as the occurrence of overdue and default, and the technological capability was divided into two clusters. As a result of estimating the survival period according to technological capability through Kaplan-Meier analysis, it was confirmed that the estimated survival period of T1-T4 grade service innovative SMEs was significantly greater in both overdue and default. As a result of the analysis of the Cox proportional hazard model applying the control variable, it was confirmed that the higher technological capability, the lower the risk in the group of start-up companies. However, in the group of non-start-up companies the technological capability did not significantly affect the survival period, and the influence of the variables related to the size of the company was found to increase. Therefore, the technological capability is meaningful as additional information that has a significant effect on the survival period of innovative SMEs in the start-up companies group of service industry. In addition, it was concluded that it is necessary to reflect the technological capability when establishing the SME support and promotion policy of the start-up companies group in the service industry.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.139-169
• /
• 2023

This study analyzes the effects of firms' technology innovation(patent applications) on employment(number of workers and proportion of high-skilled workers) and corporate performance(sales per worker), while considering the two-way causal relationships between these variables. We used the three-stage least squares(3SLS) estimation to examine system of equations in which the dependent variables affect each other with a two-year lag wherever relevant, and applied it to firm-level panel data of Korean manufacturers with 100 or more workers. Our data covered the period of 2005-2017. Exogenous variables, such as firms' managerial and other characteristics, were controlled as explanatory variables. The identification variables for each equation included firms' R&D intensity, labor cost per worker(or operation of firms' own R&D center), and investment on worker training. We find that firms' patent applications increased number of workers, proportion of high-skilled workers, and sales per worker; the causal relationships in the opposite direction were also significant. Evidently, firms' technology innovation is critical to the growth and quality improvement of employment as well as sustainable corporate growth.