• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-95
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• 2000

Owing to the Boero Service, Global Trading will be materialized as international Business to Business E-Commerce. There are three principles in the letter of credit transaction, that is to say, independence and abstraction, document dealing, strict compliance. In the electronic letter of credit, these principles are called as independence and abstraction, electronic document dealing, strict compliance. As a joint venture between SWIFT and TT Club, bolero.net is changing the way the world trades by providing a web-based, paperless mode of commerce that is designed to become a global standard. As bolero.net supplies the service of the title registry resolves the problem of Electronic Bill of Lading, the electronic letter of credit will be easily introduced. Thus, this study deals with the Nature of the Electronic Letter of Credit Transaction and the Presentation of the Documents, in particular, the Bolero Bill of Lading.

• Survey Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-118
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• 2008

There have been a great many ups and downs in Korean Credit Card Industries after 2000. It is certain that each Credit Card Company copes with the situations by means of its organizational capabilities. According to the evolutionary view of Institutionalism, a company's capabilities are composed of every day routines, codes, rules, learning(by doing, using, interacting) and decision makings. The purpose of this article is to verify how two Korean Credit Card Companies showed their strategic differences and what factors exposed each company's own limits. To examine the company's ordinary conducts, this study used Q methodology with a random sample of 16 members from each company. Especially from the results of Q factor analysis, it becomes clear that each company still takes a serious view of the economy of scale rather than the innovation or improvement of organizational and relational dynamics.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.89-106
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• 2023

This study is to investigate the problem of credit rating by Korea Trade Insurance Corporation(KSURE) which evaluates overseas buyers in a state of capital impairment as G-grade regardless of the cause of capital impairment. This study classifies capital impairment into two types: deficit-type capital impairment due to accumulated operating losses and surplus-type capital impairment due to shareholder return policies such as dividends and treasury stock buybacks. It is proposed to improve the credit evaluation method on companies with surplus capital impairment from a formal review to a substantive review. This study is expected to improve credit rating of KSURE on overseas buyers for better support of trade credit insurance for exporters.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-100
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 보다 효과적인 기업신용평가를 위하여, 통계적 방법과 인공지능 방법을 결합한 결합모형을 제시햐고자 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연ㄴ구에서는 통계적인 모형중에서 가장 널리 활용되고 있는 MDA (Multivariate Discriminant Analysis) 와 인공지능적인 방법으로서 최근에 널리 사용되고 있는 인공싱경망( neural network)모형을 휴리스틱한 방법으로 결합한다. 이러한 결합모형의 성과를 증명하기 위하여 우리나라의 대표적인 3대 기업신용평가 기관에서 수집한 1043개의 기업신용평가자료를 기초로 실혐을 하고, 그 결과를 기존의 MDA 및 인공신경망 방법에 의한 결과와 비교하였다. 실험결과, 통계적으로도 유의하고, 실무적인 관점에서도 의미가 있는 기업신용펑가 결과를 유도할 수 있었다.

• 해운
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• s.84
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

2002년 이후 지속되어온 미국의 재정적자가 금융위기 중 확대되면서 미국 국가채무가 2012년에는 GDP를 초과할 것으로 전망된다. 미 의회는 5개월 이상 협상을 지속한 결과 2011년 8월 1일 국가채무 한도 상향조정을 포함한 예산통제법을 통과시켜 국가부도사태는 발발하지 않았다. 이러한 미 의회의 국가채무 한도 상향 조정에도 불구하고, S&P는 지난 8월 3일 미국의 국가신용등급을 AAA에서 AA+로 강등하였으며, 주식시장의 경우도 미국의 재정지출 감축으로 인한 경기회복지연, 신용등급 강등 영향으로 인한 국제금융시장의 위험자산 회피현상으로 급락하였다. 미국 재정지출 감축과 위험자산 회피현상에 따른 우리나라의 국내총생산 감소는 미미할 것으로 분석되지만, 재정긴축 계획으로 향후 5년 동안 미국 경제에 평균 -0.5%정도의 GDP 감소 효과가 있으며, 우리나라 GDP도 평균적으로 -0.02% 정도 감소시킬 것이다. 이에 따라 우리나라 기업들도 미국 재정긴축 및 신용등급 강등으로 인하여 발생할 수 있는 사항들을 다각적으로 분석하여 대처를 할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 다음은 대외경제정책연구원에서 발표한 "미국 재정긴축 및 신용등급 강등의 효과분석"의 주요 내용을 정리 요약한 것이다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.6
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2003

In this paper, the magnetic sensing system is designed and implemented for the safe security in internet commerce system. When the payment is required inthe internet commerce system, the magnetic sensing system will get the information from a credit card without keyboard input and then encrypt and transmit the information to server. The credit card sensing system, which is proposed in this paper, is safe from keyboard hacking because it encrypts card information immediately in its internal chip and sends the information to host system. For the protection of information, the magnetic sensing system is basically based on a synchronous stream cipher cryptosystem which is related to a group of matrices. The size of matrices and the bits of keys for the best performances are determined for various cases. It is shown that for credit card payments. matrices of size 2 have good performance even at most 128bits keys with the consideration of inverse matrices. For authentication of general-purpose data, the magnetic sensing system needs more than 1.5KB data and in this case, the optimum size of matrices is 2 or 3 at more 256bits keys with consideration of inverse matrices.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2022

This study was conducted to confirm the relationship between the proactive accounts receivable management of SMEs on credit sales decision making and business performance, and to derive effective accounts receivable management plan and systematic credit sales decision making plan. Based on 455 copies of data collected through a survey targeting SMEs, it was confirmed through factor analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and model fit verification, and the research hypothesis was verified with a structural equation model. As a result of the verification, credit rating had a positive effect on financial performance, sales performance and credit sales decision, while credit control had a positive effect on financial performance, while negative effect on sales performance and credit sales decision. In the mediating effect hypothesis test, credit sales decision had a positive effect between credit rating and business performance and a negative effect between credit control and business performance. The study suggests that if small and medium-sized enterprises improve their business performance through effective accounts receivable management, they can create a synergistic effect in enhancing the business performance of companies if they simultaneously improve their proactive accounts receivable management and credit sales decision ability. Future research is required to study the impact of factors such as segmentation of research subjects and credit transaction motives and accounts receivables management.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.195-206
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• 2006

본 연구는 제조자(공급자)와 중간분배자로 구성된 공급사슬에서 시간에 따라 일정률로 퇴화하는 퇴화성 제품을 다루는 중간분배자의 신뢰성있는 재고보충정책을 분석하였다. 문제 분석을 위하여 제조자는 고객의 수요를 증대시키기 위한 수단으로 중간분배자로부터의 제품대금에 대하여 일정기간 동안 신용거래를 허용한다는 가정과 함께 수송량에 따라 할인되는 수송비를 고려하여 모형을 수립하였고, 중간분배자의 경제적 재고보충정책을 결정하기 위한 해법을 개발하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 2009

Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistic has been widely used for testing homogeneity of two distributions in the credit rating models. Joseph (2005) used K-S statistic to obtain validation criteria which is most well-known. There are other homogeneity test statistics such as the Cramer-von Mises, Anderson-Darling, and Watson statistics. In this paper, these statistics are introduced and applied to obtain criterion of these statistics by extending Joseph (2005)'s work. Another set of alternative criterion is suggested according to various sample sizes, type a error rates, and the ratios of bads and goods by using the simulated data under the similar situation as real credit rating data. We compare and explore among Joseph's criteria and two sets of the proposed criterion and discuss their applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.886-888
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• 2002

인터넷 상의 주문 결재로부터 생성되어지는 수백만의 결제로 인해 축적되어진 레코드들을 이용하고, 아울러 고객이 제공하는 데이터 등을 가지고 고객이 실제 카드 소지자인지를 판별하는 전자결제 신용카드 사기방어시스템 (Anti-Fraud System(AFS))을 제안하였다. 고객은 거래 콤포넌트에 의한 보안 메시징 프로토콜을 사용해서 인터넷에서의 서비스 요구를 시작한다. 거래의 위험도를 결정하기 하기 위해서 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용한 하이브리드 모델링기법을 사용하여 이와 같은 요구에서 생성되는 트랜잭션 정보의 위험도를 계산한 후, 미리 결정된 위험수위와 비교하여 부가적 신용 정보의 필요성을 판단하게 된다.