• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.35
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• pp.362-393
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• 2006

The purpose of this manuscript was to investigate the effects of issue involvement and relation of perceivers to comparison targets on the magnitude of third person perceptions. The investigation was expected to help us to understand the underlying process of third person effect hypothesis. Data was collected from adult residents in Ohio, United States by telephone survey in 2003(n=524). Like most other third person effect studies, this study supported the hypothesis: Respondents perceived more media effects on others than themselves for both 'Negative media portrayals of smokers' and 'News coverage of Roman Catholic priest's sexual scandals'. Results of five hypothesis tests suggest that when relationship between a perceiver and a particular comparison target is present third person perception is explained more by cognitive components than motivational components. In this case, third person perception varies with comparison target's issue involvement while it is independent of social distance between the perceivers and the comparison target. Also, perceivers' issue involvement positively correlates with the magnitude of third person effect. Based on the results, it is concluded that when perceives or a comparison target is involved in a message cognitive processes accounting for the relationship can impact the magnitude of third person effect. An important theoretical implication of the study is that third person effect is, to some extent, related with framing effect and priming effect.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 1997

From July 1994 to August 1995, 32 patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. There were 14 men and 18 women. The mean age was 59 years (range from 37 to 81 years). Preoperatively 26 patients had unstable angina pectoris and 6 patients had stable angina pectoris. Nine patients had previous myocardial infarction hi tory. Five patients had preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less, The involved risk factors were as follows ; smoking 19 cases, hypertension 16 cases, hypercholesterolemia 14 cases, diabetes mellitus 6 cases, and obesity 3 cases.21 patients had three-vessel disease, 7 patients had two-vessel disease, 2 patients had one-vessel disease and 2 patients had left main coronary artery disease. We performed 103 distal bypasses out of 32 cases, and the mean number of grafts per patients is 3.22. We used arterial grafts (left internal mammary artery,)1, radial artery; 2) in 32% of total grafts. Postoperative complications were low cardiac output, perioperative myocardial infarction, respiratory failure and atrial fibrillation, etc. Early mortality was 6.25% (2/32). The causes of deaths were low cardiac output (1), and perioperative myocardial infarction(1).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2006

Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-FU is generally given in oral and maxillofacial cancer. At tissue level both inflammation and fibrosis occur after chemotherapy. The cellular changes mimic those of a granulating wound, with activated macrophages and fibroblasts replacing the malignant cells as they are erradicated. Stromal cells, together with extracellular matrix components, provide the microenvironment that is pivotal for tumor cell growth, invasion, and metastatic progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), an important regulator of angiogenesis in cancer, induces mitogenesis of vascular endothelial cells, and vascular permeabilization and microvessel formation in a tumor are associated with tumor nutrition and oxygenation. Also, they are associated with chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Oxygen delivery to tumor appears to rely on a network of microvessels, On the other hand, the tumor microvessel is clearly an important factor in chemotherapeutic drug delivery to cancer cells, and the efficacy of drug delivery can be high in richly vascularized tumors. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on microvessel density from 11 patients with tongue cancers. Our results showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seemed to decrease VEGF expression in tumor cells, however, it did not significantly alter VEGF expression in tumor-associated macrophages. Also, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy had little effect on the microvessel density using CD34, and tumor-associated macrophage level using CD68. Thus, tumorassociated macrophages seem to be the key factor associated with the maintenance of microvessel density after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in tongue cancer.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2009

Purpose : Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity are the worldwide public health problem. Obesity is an already well-established risk factor for CKD. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between high BMI and increased risk for nephropathy by clinical data. Methods : Study group were 26 patients who had $BMI{\geq}25\;kg/m^2$ and control group were 49 patients with BMI<$25\;kg/m^2$. Both groups received renal biopsy in Kyung Hee Medical Center between 2003. Jan.-2007. Dec. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height when they were admitted to the hospital. We collected laboratory data such as CBC and blood chemistry. Results : Our hypothesis was that overweight and obesity are associated with incidence and progression of CKD. From kidney biopsy, we found IgAN 17, MesPGN 5, HSPN 2, Intestitial nephritis 1, IgMN 1 (total 26) in the study group whereas IgAN 22, MesPGN 17, HSPN 3, MGN 3, benign hematuria 2, MPGN 1, Intestitial nephritis 1, (total 49) were found in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Overweight patients demonstrated significantly higher platelet, TG, ALT, and uric acid level compared to control group. Conclusion : We identified a significant relationship between overweight and development of CKD. These results suggest that overweight children have an increased risk for CKD than those who are not obese. So, we should pay attention to children with overweight who have CKD and earlier weight management is crucial to prevent aggravation of CKD.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.364-374
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• 2020

This paper describes the experience of the dietary adaptation of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis due to end-stage renal failure by identifying the meanings and structure of the experience. In the research method, the data from nine patients were collected using individual in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. The experience of the dietary adaptation of participants undergoing peritoneal dialysis was organized into four theme-clusters and 15 themes. These four theme-clusters were characterized as follows: 'the double sufferings of peritoneal dialysis process and dietary adaptation', 'vague and ambiguous diet management', 'the hardship of diet management felt by experiencing diet using one's body', and 'realizing the importance of diet management with peritoneal dialysis, resetting one's goal in life'. This paper describes the dietary adaptation process experienced by peritoneal dialysis patients was a process of adhering to a better life, even though it was the double sufferings of peritoneal dialysis process and dietary adaptation. In conclusion, the findings in this study provide a deep understanding of the lived experience of the dietary adaptation in peritoneal dialysis patients and should help in the development of tailored diet interventions for patients on peritoneal dialysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.975-988
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• 2017

Since 2000, about 750 cubesats have been launched as of August 2017 and development and the launch of cubesat increased exponentially. Since standard of cubesat has been proposed in 1999, cubesats have grown considerably beyond the scope of education and technology verification to commercial use in the area of space exploration and earth observation, and the variety of cubesat mission and type has increased recently. In Korea, some universities and individuals have independently developed cubesats since 2000, and cubesat contests which were organized by KARI and sponsored by Ministry of Science and ICT from 2012 highly contributed to cubesat development in Korea. In addition, domestic institutes such as KARI, KASI started to develop cubesats for space science and exploration mission. Nineteen cubesats have been progressed or completed in development until now. In this paper, we present the technical trend and describe all cubesats in Korea.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2001

Microscopic Polyangiitis(MPA) belongs to a spectrum of systemic vasculits, and particularly antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies(ANCA)-associated small-vessel vasculitis which is characterized by involvement of the lung and kidney. The diagnosis of MPA is often difficult to make, and delayed because of the variability of the clinical presentation. Renal biopsies have a very important diagnostic and prognostic value in MPA. We experienced a case of microscopic polyangiits which was confirmed by renal biopsy and positive serum perinuclear ANCA, associated with alveolar hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding. We began methylprednisolone pulse therapy, combined with a low dose of cyclophosphamide and plasmapheresis therapy. ACE inhibitor and Ca channel blocker were used when proteinuria and hypertention developed. On admission, the patient's lab findings showed BUN l17 mg/dL, Cr 2.3 mg/dL, while on the 60th hospital day BUN/Cr values fell to 20.8 mg/dL / 1.6 mg/dL and though proteinuria persisted, the patient's condition was tolerable and is currently under observation on an out-patient basis. The last lab values were BUN 26 mg/dL / Cr 1.6 mg/dL. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ; 5 : 213-18)

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the change in incidence and clinical characteristics of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) through a single center's experience. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 53 children who were diagnosed with glomerular nephritis at National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital between March 2000 and December 2009. Twenty-six of 53 patients falled to meet the dragnostic criteria of APSGN and were excluded. Chief complaints, physical examinations, urinalysis, urine culture, laboratory results, chest x-ray, and clinical manifestations were all retrieved from the remaining 27 patients. Results: The incidence of APSGN by age was highest in children between six to seven years of age, with similar distributions in both genders, and seasonal incidence was higher from November to February when compared to other months, which was similar to the previously reported studies. However, the annual number of APSGN patients did not show a significant decrease from 2000 to 2009. The incidences of edema and hypertension were 59.3% and 48.1% respectively, suggesting lower incidences than those from previous studies. Six patients (22.2%) experienced hematuria for more than 6 months. Hypertensive encephalopathy, one of APSGN critical complications occurred in one patient but resolved with conservative treatment. Conclusion: Our study shows that APSGN still occur as a common renal disease but the disease severity seems to decrease with milder clinical manifestations and less complications compared to past studies.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2011

Purpose: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerulopathy causing pediatric renal failure. Since specific treatment targeting the etiology and pathophysiology of primary FSGS is yet elusive, the authors explored the pathophysiology of FSGS by transcriptome analysis of the disease using an animal model. Methods: FGS/kist strain, a mouse model of primary FSGS, and RFM/kist strain, as control and the parent strain of FGS/kist, were used. Kidney tissues were harvested and isolated renal cortex was used to extract mRNA, which was run on AB 1700 mouse microarray chip after reverse transcription to get the transcriptome profile. Results: Sixty two genes were differentially expressed in FGS/kist kidney tissue compared to the control. Those genes were related to cell cycle/cell death, immune reaction, and lipid metabolism/vasculopathy, and the key molecules of their networks were TNF, IL-6/4, IFN${\gamma}$, TP53, and PPAR${\gamma}$. Conclusion: This study confirmed that renal cell death, immune system activation with subsequent fibrosis, and lipid metabolism-related early vasculopathy were involved in the pathophysiology of FSGS. In addition, the relevance of methodology used in this study, namely transcriptome profiling, and Korean animal model of FGS/kist was validated. Further study would reveal novel pathophysiology of FSGS for new therapeutic targets.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2009

Purpose : FSGS do not respond well to any kind of therapy and gradually progress to end-stage renal disease. This study was conducted to investigate the difference of protein expression between MCNS and FSGS as a preliminary study for understanding the pathophysiology of FSGS. Methods : Renal biopsy samples of MCNS and FSGS were obtained, which was diagnosed by one pathologist. They were solubilized with a conventional extraction buffer for protein extraction. The solution was applied on immobilized linear gradient strip gel (pH 4-7) using IPGphor system. Silver staining was carried out according to standard method. Protein identification was done by searching NCBI database using MASCOT Peptide Mass Fingerprint software. Results : The differences in protein expressions between MCNS and FSGS were shown by increased or decreased protein spots. Most prominently expressed spot among several spots in FSGS was isolated and analyzed, one of which was glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1-1, whereas it was not found in MCNS. So GSTP1-1 was considered as the one of the key biomarkers in pathogenesis of FSGS. Conclusion : This result would be helpful in diagnosing FSGS and researching FSGS. Further studies for glutathione S-transferase P1-1 might be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms regarding FSGS.