• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.87-109
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• 2024

At the 8th Party Congress in 2021, North Korea announced a plan to build 50,000 housing units in Pyongyang, and this paper analyzes the economic effects and related informal costs of of the project. Currently, Pyongyang is experiencing a significant housing shortage. It is estimated that the number of households in Pyongyang increased by 184,000 between 1994 and 2020, while the estimated new housing supply during the period was only 30,000. Pyongyang's 50,000 housing units construction project is characterized by the goal of improving the living conditions of workers, the application of the new city construction method, and the largest state-led housing construction since the Arduous March. The project is expected to generate economic effects such as increasing workers' motivation to work, increasing tourism resources, and generating income from related industries. On the one hand, a significant portion of the construction cost of the 50,000-unit housing project in Pyongyang is passed on to companies and households in the form of informal cost such as quasi-taxes and manpower mobilization. In addition, there may be congestion in the power supply and sewerage facilities that occur when moving in. If these costs are not taken into account, the feasibility of a housing construction project may not be properly assessed, making it difficult to sustain it in the long term.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.97-106
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• 2011

This study has been conducted focusing on the analysis of the turn-key proposal for Gimpo-Han River New City. The study expected that it would come up with design trends and introduction properties of each plan for the eco-friendly development of an apartment house. The concept of environment-friendly design was thought in four parts: 'Land use and transportation,' 'Ecological environment', 'Energy resource and environmental impact' and analysis factors of each part were chosen by specific items from the prospective researches and guidelines that already given on the projects. In conclusion, a proper development of the environmental-friendly apartment house will not be achieved unless the designers try to overcome their prejudice against eco-friendly planning elements applications. Along with the designers' attempt, it is also necessary to review the evaluation articles of the certification system for the existing environmental-friendly structures as well as to compensate and establish detailed evaluation standards. As the problems are being worked on, an integrated, effective evaluation standard for the eco-friendly planning elements will be determined. This way, an environmental-friendly residential development with a better quality will be eventually realized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 2011

This study aims to examine and research the characteristics of apartment landscape at the street from a view that apartments are the major element of a cityscape and many apartments form a street today. Then, the subjects of this study were three sections consisting of streets in Namak New Town and the results were as follows. A streetscape is necessary to have identity under the unity(context) of parts which orient to "one as a whole". However, the subject apartments were not united(contextual) in layouts, roofs, and walls, whereas their facades appeared too united(contextual). Accordingly, to make a united(contextual) streetscape, the wall located in a boundary(a buffer zone) with public space which consists of a streetscape, building layout, building height, and roof forms need a design guideline which can have unity as a whole to connect with architectural design. On the other hand, the facade which was found too uniform should have a more active design guideline to elicit identity at unity.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.36-37
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• 2006

현재 국내 154kV 표준형태 옥내변전소의 전력공급능력은 대부분 주변압기 4 뱅크 규모로 계획 및 운영되고 있다. 대도시 도심, 신규개발 산업단지, 신도시 등에는 재개발 및 지속적인 확장으로 인해 전력수요가 꾸준히 증가하고 있어 안정적인 전력공급능력 확보를 위해서는 최초 변전소 준공 이후 해당지역 내 변전소 추가건설이 불가피한 상황이다. 그러나 전력공급설비는 국민들에게 혐오, 위해설비로 잘못 인식되어 전력 공급설비 건설반대 등 집단민원이 지속적으로 증가하는 추세이다. 또한 지방자치단체는 주민들의 지가하락 등을 우려한 민원을 의식하여 전력설비건설에 필요한 각종 인허가를 지연 또는 거부하는 등 변전소 부지확보를 더욱 어렵게 하고 있다. 이로 인한 변전소 건설지연에 따른 전력공급 차질이 우려되고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 전력공급능력은 기존변전소의 2배로 증대되지만, 부지면적은 1.4배정도 밖에 소요되지 않아 안정적인 전력공급과 국토의 효율적인 이용이 가능한 허브(Hub)변전소를 개발하게 되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.43-57
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• 2003

This paper presents the air corridor planning strategy based on simulation with MUKLMO_3 (Micro-scale Urban Climate Model) to investigate the wind field and air corridor caused by the land-use change of the New Town Development Area in Pan-Gyo. In the first part, the most frequently observed wind field in the New Town Development Area was measured and used as an initial value to simulate a more realistic wind field and air corridor. Several experiments with different initial values of wind fields were carried out to investigate the wind field change affected by the New Town Development. The results show the features of the wind field of the neutral stability condition in the urban canopy layer with a high resolution near the ground. The wind speed is weakened at this level due to the New Town Development. It was found that the wind field and air corridor are influenced by the land-use change. After the development of the New Town, the speed of the wind field decreased and the main wind directions and air corridor changed. In this study, this model is found to be a useful tool for evaluating air corridor and change of wind field in speed and direction.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of apartment housing unit plans based on analyzing overall patterns of housing unit plans and identifying the types of unit plans according to the size and to provide the fundamental data for developing diverse dwelling unit plans of apartment. This study deals with apartment housing unit plans built between 1999 and 2000 in Seoul, the capital region and new town. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1) Most apartment housing unit plans have fixed and uniform layouts. Most apartment housing units have L-DK type meaning they have isolated living room space. Certain layouts(especially $60-85\textrm{m}^2$ sized unit plans) show a "trickle-down" phenomenon with respect to the areas of units according to time series. 2) New plan types are rarely proposed since 2000, especially in large-sized(area more than $120\textrm{m}^2$) and $60-85\textrm{m}^2$ sized plans. 3) Another feature of apartment housing unit plans is increase of the service are (balcony, entrance area, additional kitchen, and storage area), and introduction of masters space (composition of master bedroom, dressing room, powder room, path, and etc.) and etc.)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.78-80
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• 2000

대전광역시에 분포하는 민방위 비상용 지하수 급수시설은 현재 총 225개소가 확보되어 있고 확보된 수량은 약 51,597톤/일이다. 비상용 지하수 중 정부지원시설은 년간 4회에 걸쳐 수질분석을 실시하고 있다. 1996년∼1999년 사이에 수질분석 내용을 보면 약 36% 정도가 음용수 부적합한 것으로 나타났다. 주요 부적합 항목으로 일반세균, 대장균, 질산성질소, 불소 등이다. 수질분석자료를 근거로 보면 동구와 중구의 구도심권의 수질이 나쁜 상태이고, 도시계획도상 녹지지역이 가장 많은 유성구가 가장 좋은 수질특성을 보인다. 대덕구는 공단지역 등을 중심으로 수질이 저하되어 있고, 서구는 신도시보다는 기존도심지의 지하수의 수질이 저하되어 있음을 보이는데, 이는 대전시 지하수의 수질특성이 토지이용 및 도시발달과 밀접한 관계가 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 대전 지하수의 수질 향상을 위하여, 부적합 판정을 받은 급수시설에 대해서는 정밀한 조사를 통하여 오염물질의 종류와 농도변화, 오염의 원인, 오염물의 확산 등에 대한 정밀조사를 실시한 후, 오염정화를 통한 복구나 폐공처리 조치 또는 관측정으로의 전환 등을 모색하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 표본지역에 대한 양수시험결과 기록된 지하수량과 실제치에서 상당한 차이를 보여주어 비상급수시설에 대한 정확한 1일 적정 채수량을 다시 산정할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

Low birth rate problem in Korea has been mainly derived from the increasing number of female employment and the change of consciousness of female. According to the recent report, some other causes of low birth rate are from the difficulty of using childcare facilities with quality services and the relative lack of quantities of the facilities. The basic principle of childcare includes protection, education, nutrition, safety, service to parents, and correlation with community. Childcare has been deemed to be the social system even to guarantee the parents' right of work. Even though a lot of progress has been made in childcare facilities by changes for a long period of time, the research on the actual condition shows that there are relatively little changes of the space organization of the childcare facilities reflecting characteristics of community and developmental characteristics of infants and children. Now a days it has been appeared as a social problem that childcare has to be needed as a part of systematic education program for such an important infant era.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2016

As globalization proceeds, transnational property development is increasing. Vietnam has began to experience a serious housing shortage throughout the urbanization process and they try to solve this housing problem in the city by development of New Town with an excellent technique. Of these, New city, Phu My Hung (PMH) is known as a very successful example. Therefore, this study researched 145 plan of 15 Apartment complexes which were completed after 2008 to analyse the plan characteristic of internal-external of Apartment in PMH New city in Ho Chi Minh City which effected the housing development in Vietnam. We collected the data from Internet and researched the characteristic of complex and an individual unit by visiting 6 Apartment complexes directly on Aug, 2014. In PMH, apartment has pattern of Mixed-use Apartment. There are stores on the 1st ad 2nd floor and consisted of 2 or 3 small complexes. They secure enough Green Space and Community Space and control visitor access for the safety of residents. Inside space organization is mainly consisted of 3LDK+2BATH and Public space and Private space is placed separately. Also, placed the Kitchen independently and it is quiet interesting that the entrance entry into the house directly from the external space.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.270-274
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• 2004

군포시는 인구 27만 376명(2001)의 도시로서 녹지지역, 공업지역, 주거지역, 상업지역이 혼재되어 있는 복합기능의 기존 도시지역과 최근의 도시계획에 의하여 도시기능들이 분리되어 있는 신도시지역으로 구성되어 있어서 전체적으로 복합도시의 성격을 갖고 있다. 이러한 특성으로 인하여 지역별 환경오염의 정도가 다르게 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 군포시 환경현황을 알아보기 위해 17개 지점의 퇴적토와 16개 지점의 약수터를 선정하여 군포시의 환경문제 가운데 하상퇴적물과 음용수로 사용하고 있는 약수터의 수질환경 변화를 월별로 비교$\cdot$분석하였다. 그 결과 휘발성고형물(VSS)은 도시권 영역인 당정천 지역(9,10)에서 높은 농도를 보였으며, 영양염류의 지표인 총질소(T-N)와 총인(T-P)의 경우 생활하수의 직접적인 영향을 받고 있는 15지점이 T-N 12.2mg/kg, T-P 6.09mg/kg의 농도를 보이고 있으며 중금속의 농도는 공업지역 부근인 3,9,10지점에서 납의 농도가 다른 중금속에 비하여 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 약수의 경우 모든 음이온 항목이 먹는물 수질기준을 만족하고 있으므로 건강상 유해한 영향이나 심미적인 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 사료된다.