• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze perceptions to hindering factors and development factors for water leisure activation. In order to accomplish the study purpose, this study employed a survey method with water leisure participants and employees from 6 regions(participants=205, employees=117). The data were analyzed using independent t-tests at a=.05 and following findings were derived from current study. First, among 20 hindering factors, water leisure participants had higher levels of perceptions than employees in licence system, limited activation regulation, departure report regulation, absence of exclusive organization, lack of providing information, lack of participative events and support systems. Second, relatively highly perceived hindering factors included departure report regulation, limited activation regulation, licence system, lack of government support, lack of mooring facility and lack of exclusive charged organization, in order. Third, the important development factors perceived by participants included support for licence and education and diversified water leisure programs but those perceived by employees included placement of educated experts and related event host and publicity. Finally, relatively highly perceived development factors included activation of free experience, promotion of marina development, support for licence and education, diversified programs and support for water leisure business. Accordingly, the findings provided fundamental information that both central and regional government can utilize for further activating water leisure. In addition, several development strategies were discussed on financial support, facility support, human resource support, education support and event support perspectives.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2013

School violence that have occurred recently, showing a tendency to collectivization and diverse types of violence, as well as the quality and increase the damage levels. School violence in the home, school, and social factors, but is caused by the lack of awareness about the violence and the reporting of consciousness due to poor acts of violence indirectly assisted. The only place violence has caused the school to establish the legal and institutional arrangements in order to minimize school violence have no choice but to limit its effectiveness is negligible. The problem of school violence in connection with the problem of juvenile crime prevention and control, and punishment should be made of the complex and layered. Operation and School police system, School safety keeper system, school sheriff system since 2005, each municipality in order to minimize school violence, but have no practical help to limit the visible and symbolic effects. Nonexistent professional staff of the institution or school safety monitors emphasis on monitoring the physical state of the system in the form of 'guards' departure inherently have limitations. Also, to prevent criminal acts or violence in the state is not given special privileges and the appropriate role for the school keeper is a problem with the system. Report no other role can not be expected. Should therefore be preceded by a systematic improvement and training of experts in order to prevent school violence, and home and school, in terms of social support and measures.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제2권
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• pp.11-26
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• 1964

The studies reported herein are on the varietal differences of rice in the effects of seeding times and nursery periods on the components such as, culm length, ear length, number of ears, ear weight, straw weight, and grain/straw ratio following the first series of studies on heading date. In the present investigations, 50 rice varieties, as the preceding studies, were seeded nine times at the interval of 15 days from March 15 to July 28 in 1963. Each variety seeded at respective time was transplanted in 40 days in nursery after seeded. Reviewing the result obtained from the first series of the studies on heading date, the number of days required to heading from seeding were decreased by delaying the seeding time. Most varieties tended to decrease in the number of days from seeding to heading by the 8th planting time. Some of varieties seemed to be decreased in the number of days from seeding to heading by 9th seeding time. However most varieties were failed to show heading delaying the seeding date at the 10th seeding. The results on the effects of altering the seeding time on the components and varietal differences of the response are summarized as follows; 1) Culm length; It appeared that culm length was shortened when the number of days from seeding to heading was decreased by delaying the seeding date. The varieties which needed many days to heading were also shortened in their culm length. 2) Ear length; Ear length was also shortened when the number of days needed tocheading was decreased, by delaying the seeding time. The varieties which needed many days for heading were also shortened in their ear length, while those which headed earlier seemed to be lengthened in their ear lengths. 3) Number of ears; It was shown that the number of ears was increased with the delay of the heading date, whereas, at the 9th seeding the number of ears was decreased when delayed the heading date. 4) Ear weight; Ear weight per hill was also likely to be heavy throughout the seeding times and varieties except the 7th and 8th seedings in which it appeared to be light on the contrary. 5) Straw weight; Straw weight became heavier as delayed the seeding date throughout all the varieties and seeding dates. 6) The grain/straw ratio; The grain/straw ratio was gradually increased by the 5th seeding time, reaching the pick at 5th. An examination of the varieties at each seeding date showed that the grain/straw ratio was low from 1st to 3rd seeding and from 7th to 9th seeding, when the number of days required to heading from seeding are increased. At the 4th seeding time-which is standard seeding time-5th, and 6th seeding times the ratio was high with the delay of heading.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-54
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• 2010

Soon after September 11 attacks in 2001, there were strong demands in Korea on making relevant laws and regulations on aviation security, and Korean parliament legislated "Aviation Safety and Security Act"to fulfill the demands on safety and security of aircrafts during aviation. However, the current Aviation Safety and Security Act seems to have many problems which do not meet the practical needs in Korea, because there were not enough considerations on the practical needs and extinguishable national circumstances on civil aviation system in Korea, but only regarded the relevant international conventions and foreign practices on it. In this context, it is necessary to amend several provisions in Aviation Safety and Security Act to enhance more practical efficiencies in its implementation through systematization of the provisions on crimes which may happen during aviation. In this context, this article argues two main issues. First, Article 39 of Aviation Safety and Security Act does not express whether it is possible to punish the attempt of crime of causing damage to aircraft. Therefore, regarding a principle of legality, it is impossible to punish the perpetrator even when coincidently failed to destruct or damage aircraft. In this context, this article argues that the necessity to introduce the possibility to punish the attempt of crime of causing damage to aircraft. Second, regarding Article 160 of Civil Aviation Act of Korea, current Aviation Safety and Security Act should be amended by guaranteeing the culpability of negligence of crime of causing damage to aircraft.

• Disaster and Security
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2015

최근 들어 전국의 곳곳에서 화재가 발생하여 귀중한 인명과 재산을 잃는 대형 참사(慘事)로 이어지고 있다. 화재가 발생했을 때에 초기진화(初期鎭火) 및 인명(人命)의 대피시간(待避時間)인 소위 골든타임은 대략 5분정도이다. 또한 화재사고를 직접체험하게 되면 패닉(panic)현상을 초래하여 우왕좌왕, 혼란의 블랙홀(Black hole)에 함몰(陷沒)되게 마련이다. 의정부 아파트 화재에서처럼 대부분의 골목길은 많은 차량들이 주차되어 소방차 긴급출동에 장애가 되고 있는 실정이다. 보편적으로 화재발생 시 소방대는 5분 내에 출동을 목표로 훈련을 한다. 하지만 화재현장에서 소방대에 화재신고가 신속히 이루지지 못하는 지체시간(遲滯時間)을 감안하면 소방대가 현장에 도착하여 진압작업을 개시하는 시점에는 이미 골든타임을 벗어나 화재가 확산되어 있는 상황인 것이다. 그러므로 골든타임을 감안(勘案)하여 소방대의 출동이전에 자체적으로 초기진압을 할 수 있는 방재시스템을 구축(構築)하여야 하는 것이다. 이에 소방대의 도착이전의 골든타임 이내에 자체적으로 조기진압 및 피난을 할 수 있어야 할 것이며, 다만 출동한 소방대는 인접한 건물이나, 주유소 등으로의 연소 확산(延燒 擴散)을 방지하는 역할로 개념(槪念)을 정리할 필요가 있는 것이다. 소방관련 법령 및 화재안전기준 등은 수시로 개정 발전 되어 오늘날에 이르렀다, 하지만 아직까지도 불합리하고 모순된 규정 등이 곳곳에 산재해 있다. 이에 틀에 박힌 고정관념에서 벗어나 보다 논리적이고 합리적이며 현장여건에 부합하는 선진화된 소방제도를 구축하여 화재참사로부터 국민의 생명과 재산보호는 물론 그 손실을 최소화하기 위한 선진화된 소방관련 제도로 정착시켜야 할 것이다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2016

The International Telecommunications Union(: ITU) Radio Regulations(: RR) and in which is defined as the frequency of electromagnetic waves below 3000GHz spread in space without artificial guidance, our country also follows the international definition. As radio waves are electromagnetic waves spreading in space without artificial induction means having a frequency within the range set by the ITU. Frequency distribution for dual-work is to inde 300GHz, among the divided frequency is our daily or less than 90% of the frequency band is in contact saenghwalyong 3GHz. Propagation, but can occur indefinitely without depleting that anyone can create only gatchumyeon transmission equipment, if the radio frequency to use at the same time and space, the soul is the interference occurs is not available radio resources. Due to the physical finiteness used in our country for the first time on such a propagation laws enacted in 1961 and to the state radio resource management, and rules to be used for propagation only if granted the rights.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.45-70
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• 2004

This study purports to explain the difference between the welfare reform of Britain and that of either European countries or USA. For this purpose, Chapter two documents and reviews the inter-party debates around the Clause Four in the Labour Constitution, and duly ascertains the role of the reciprocity principle in the development of New Labour Project. Then, Chapter three argues that this reciprocity principle guides and controls the whole process of workfare reform of the Labour Government since 1997. Finally, Chapter four concludes that the salient features of the British workfare reform originated from recent changes of the British political climates, that is, the ideological change of the Labour Party.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2013

To accommodate the rapid growth of e-commerce transactions, non-face-to-face transactions, businesses use a wide variety of payment methods. However, many of these payment mediums are not secure as shown by increases in fraudulent transactions. In this paper, we analyze a particular e-commerce transaction medium, the Safety Transaction Service (STS). This system protects consumers through a wide variety of safeguards: safety settlement systems (escrow), consumer damage compensation insurance, payment guarantee, and secure bank settlement. In contrast to the safeguards, we identify the limitations and concerns with the STS and potential legal and political improvements. The plethora of payment methods limits the consumers ability to distinguish between the secured and unsecured transaction services. Regulation and consumer based verification of transaction services are essential to root out dangerously fraudulent systems. We propose the development of specific standards to these systems, in particular the need for consumer confirmation and clear settlement documentation. Only through the active promotion of scrutiny and improvement to STS will consumers be protected in e-commerce.

• Vending industry
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• 제3권1호통권9호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2004

고수익을 미끼로 한 자판기 분양사기가 최근 급증하고 있어 큰 문제가 되고 있다. 무조건 자판기 수익성만을 과대포장하여 투자자들의 `묻지마` 투자를 유도한 후 돈만 챙기고 사업에서 손을 떼어버리는 사기행각은 그 피해대상이 대부분 서민이라는 점에서 문제의 심각성을 더한다. 자판기가 불법 자금 모집을 통해 사기의 대상으로 외부 인식이 악화되어 버린다면 자판기 산업의 입지 역시 크게 좁혀 질 수 밖에 없다. 자판기 품목에 있어서는 불법자금모집의 대표적인 사례가 되는 경우는 확정수익을 보장한다며 투자자를 모집하는 경우이다. 그 후 일정기간동안 수익을 보장하며 투자자를 안심시킨 다음 일순간 돌변하여 자금을 챙겨 잠적을 하는 수순을 밝는다. 선의의 투자자들은 이럴 경우 엄청난 피해를 입게 되는 게 보통이다. 대개의 경우 기계 1~2대의 소량물량이 아닌 5대~l0대 단위의 투자를 유도하기 때문이다. 이제는 자판기 산업에 있어 이러한 악성 불법자금 모집업체들이 근절되어야 한다. 이 불법 사기행각의 대상이 더 이상 자판기 분야에 발을 붙이지 못하도록 하는 제도적 비책이 시급히 강구 되어야 한다. 이러한 가운데 금융감독원 비은행감독국 비제도금융조사팀에서는 올들어 지난 9월말까지 고수익을 미끼로 투자자금을 모집하다가 금감원에 적발된 유사 금융업체 85개사 명단을 사법당국에 통보했다. 불법자금모집 업체들이 투자자들을 유혹하기위해 미끼로 내세운 사업을 종류별로 보면 자판기, 게임기, 컴퓨터단말기 등 특정상품 운영권 제공이 29개사로 가장 많고, 사이버 쇼핑몰 및 인터넷사업(18개사), 납골당 등 부동산 투자(12개사), 영화등 문화 및 레저사업(10개사), 영화문화 및 레저산업(10개사), 벤처투자사(9개사) 등이었다. 자판기 분야에 있어서는 주로 성인용품자판기, 복권자판기 등의 품목이 불법자금 모집의 집중 타킷이 되었다. 금감원은 최근들어 유사 금융업체의 자금모집이 전문가도 속을 정도로 지능화하고 있다며 개인투자자들이 피해를 예방할 수 있는 불법업체 식별법을 금감원 인터넷 사이트(www.fss.or.kr)에 게시했다. 금감원은 특히 사업현황에 대해 지나치게 보안을 유지하는 업체, 1백$\%$이상의 터무니없는 고수익을 보장한다고 광고하는 업체, 제도권 금융회사의 지급보증을 강조하는 업체에 대해서는 투자에 앞서 금감원이나 업종 관련 정부당국에 사실여부를 확인해 보고 투자여부를 결정하라고 통보했다. 아울러 금감원은 금융소비자들이나 자판기 업계에서 불법자금 모집업체를 발견하여 전화(02-3786-8155~9)나 인터넷소비자 보호센터와 경찰에 신고해줄 것을 요청했다. 이제는 산업계도 더 이상 자판기 분야의 불법자금업체를 방치하지 말고 적극적인 금감원 신고를 통해 시장을 정화할 수 있게 해야 한다. 미꾸라지 한두마리가 온 개천 물 다 흐려놓는 이치처럼 자판기불법자금업체들로 인해 전체 산업에 미치는 영향이 실로 심각함을 인식해야 할 때이다. 금호 산업정보에서는 산업계에서 불법자금업체 근절에 많은 관심을 가질 수 있게 하기 위해 금융감독원 비은행감독국 비제도금융조사팀에서 배포한 $\ulcorner$불법자금 모집업체 고수익 보장 유혹에 주의$\lrcorner$ 에 대한 보도자료의 세부내용을 게재한다.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.113-150
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• 2017

This study analyzes how workers become impoverished and have their jobs less stabilized after they suffer from non-job-related sickness. Given that South Korea lacks sickness benefits, which most of OECD member states legislate and implement except US and Switzerland, this study examines its impact on laborers' job stability and povertization in Korea. The researchers have conducted in-depth interviews with nine former or present laborers who have the experiences and four experts on the issue in July-September, 2017 for the qualitative analysis. It is found that laborers, after becoming aware of their sickness, at first endure their pain without informing their employers not to lose their jobs. The attititude is observed especially among non-standard laborers, because sickness more often leads to job loss for them than for standard laborers. After workers have to leave their jobs due to their sickness in the end, they have no choice but to keep working in less stable jobs to compensate for income losses. They become gradually impoverished with their social capital like family bond declining. We observe laborers who are eligible for industrial accident insurance compensation could not benefit from the system because some employers refrain from the legal reporting duty. Due to this illegal practices, some industrial accident victims unduly lose their jobs due to "non-job-related sickness". Second, some employers report to the authority that their sick laborers have left their jobs 'voluntarily' even when they have quitted it without their volition, in which case the newly unemployed are not eligible for unemployment benefits. Large holes in Korea's safety nets for those suffering from multiple risks of sickness and unemployment.