• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-50
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare visual analogue scale (VAS), pain threshold (PT), $%RMS_{RVC}$, and EMG gaps before and after applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the upper trapezius muscle at the patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). The subjects were 4 men and 10 women composed of both the inpatients and outpatients who were diagnosed as MPS at Wonju Medical Center. VAS and PT measurements were performed to assess the subjective pain level. The reference voluntary contraction (RVC) test was performed for 15 seconds for normalization on the bilateral trapezius muscle using surface electromyography (sEMG). After 3-minute resting time, the EMG signal was recorded while performing a typing activity for 2 minutes and then TENS was applicated with a comfortable intensity for 10 minutes. The EMG activity of the upper trapezius muscle was recorded during typing for 2 minutes. The results of study were as follows: 1) VAS score was significantly decreased on the more painful side after treatment, however, it was not significantly different on the less painful side. 2) PT was increased after treatment on both sides, however, it was not significantly different between before and after the TENS application. 3) The EMG activity during typing was significantly decreased after treatment, and 4) The EMG gaps were significantly increased after TENS treatment compared to before it. Consequently, the study showed that TENS was effective in decreasing VAS, $%RMS_{RVC}$, and in increasing EMG gaps. The EMG gap analysis could be a useful method to measure pain in patients with MPS in the upper trapezius.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the difference of brain activities in viewing a common emotional situation according to perspective-taking. Methods : Using fMRI, brain activities were measured while performing the task viewing a common emotional situation on either self-perspective or third-person perspective in fourteen healthy men. The relatively activated brain areas on each perspective were investigated, then the relationship between the activated brain regions and the scores of self report about some emotion or empathic ability were explored. Results : The relatively activated brain areas on self-perspective were bilateral paracentral lobule(BA 5), right postcentral gyrus(BA 3), right precentral gyrus(BA 4), left superior temporal gyrus(BA 22), left medial frontal gyrus(BA 6), whereas on third-person perspective right inferior frontal gyrus(BA 47), left caudate body and tail, right superior temporal gyrus(BA 38), right medial frontal gyrus(BA 8) were activated. The relative activity of left superior temporal gyrus on self-perspective was positively correlated with the score of Beck Depression Inventory. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the activated brain region according to perspective-taking were different while viewing a common emotional situation. The depressive feeling would have an influence on the brain activity related to perspective-taking.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

차세대 IT융합 기술의 발전에 따라 개인화 서비스를 위한 인프라스트럭처가 구축되면서, 사용자의 감성 상태와 생체신호 기반 서비스의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 또한 감성에 따른 학생의 생체신호를 파악하는 것은 감성공학 전략의 중요한 성공요소가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 시각자극에 따른 생체신호 모니터링 시뮬레이션 시스템을 제안하였다. 다양한 시각자극에 의한 학생의 생체신호를 측정하여 수집한다. 고속 퓨리에 변환을 이용한 파워 스펙트럼을 분석하여 교감신경과 부교감신경의 활성 정도를 파악한다. 분석된 결과를 건강신호등에 표시하여 감성을 모니터링 한다. 고등학생과 대학생간의 감성의 평가를 하기 위해 SD 프로필과 대응표본 T-검정을 실시하여 유용성을 검증하였다. 평가결과, 긍정과 부정 자극에 대한 감성 활성화에 대한 차이가 통계적으로 의미가 있음을 증명하였다. 이를 체험형 시뮬레이션 시스템의 논리적 타당성과 유효성을 검증하기 위해 실험적인 적용을 시도하고자 한다.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 2000

To prove the effect of Yukmijihwngwon(YMJHW) and Taeyoungjeon(TYJ) extract on the Meridian of Human body and Active oxygen experimentally, ORS & Free Radical of extract and precipitate of YMJHW and TYJ was measured. The results were summarized as follows; 1. TYJ extract, as a result of measuring QRIS, had a considerable effect on the function of pituitary gland, the 4th cervical vertebra and the 1 st lumbar vertebra. 2. TYJ precipitate, as a result of measuring QRIS, had a considerable effect on the function of liver, uterus, and vertebra. 3. YMJHW extract, as a result of measuring QRIS, had a considerable effect on the function of lung, adrenalin gland, bladder, prostate gland, ovaria, the 2nd cervical vertebra, the 3rd cervical vertebra, the 5th cervical vertebra, the 6th cervical vertebra, the 2nd lumbar vertebra, the 4th lumbar vertebra and the 5th lumbar vertebra. 4. YMJHW precipitate, as a result of measuring QRIS, had a considerable effect on the function of spleen, lung, kidney, adrenal gland, bladder, ovaria, the 2nd cervical vertebra, the 6th cervical vertebra, the 7th cervical vertebra, the 2nd lumbar vertebra, the 5th lumbar vertebra, sacrum, and knee joint. 5. As a result of measuring Free Radical, the level of TYJ is higher than YMJHW. It is thiut that's because of Duchung and roasted Gamcho. 6. As an order of QRIS levels, YMJHW precipitate is the highest, YMJHW extract is next, TYJ extract and TYJ precipitate. These results suggested that TYJ and YMJHW be usefully applied for suppressing of abnormal Meridian and noxious oxygen, preventing and curing all the disease.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

Purpose: In order to examine difference in the activity of potential of spinal neurons and cortical neurons according to muscle contraction type in post stroke hemiplegic subjects and healthy subjects, the present study conducted an experiment as follows. Methods: The subjects in the experimental group were 17 left-side hemiplegic subjects (9 female, 8 male; mean age, 63.41$\pm$9.86 years) with the right hand as the dominant hand selected among post stroke hemiplegic subjects, and 17 age matched healthy control subjects (10 female, 7 male; mean age, 64.12$\pm$12.07 years). Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were measured using surface electromyography and electroencephalography while concentric and eccentric movements were made alternately. Results: As to the pattern of the activity of MRCP, which indicates the activity of motor cortical neurons, we found that the amplitude is high (p<0.01), the length of excitement is short (p<0.01) and the ascending gradient of amplitude to the peak increases (p<0.05) in post stroke hemiplegic subjects' lesion sites different from healthy subjects. Conclusion: The activity of cortical neurons was no difference in activity according to contraction type was observed in post stroke hemiplegic subjects' lesion sites. This suggests that there is no distinction in the activity of cortical neurons between concentric contraction and eccentric contraction. Accordingly, if post stroke hemiplegic subjects' activity of motor cortex is analyzed by measuring MRCPs, it is considered useful in research on neural plasticity or as a ground of clinical effects in the area of physical therapy for the central nervous system.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.729-736
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• 2018

This study was performed to facilitate development of new food materials by comparing general components, functional components and antioxidant activity of cherry, aronia, and maquiberry. Cherry revealed higher content of water (6.71%), crude protein (4.61%) and crude protein (5.33%) than aronia and maquiberry. Crude fat content of cherry fruits was the lowest at 1.46%. Content of iron per 100 g was 0.96 mg in cherry, significantly higher than other berries. Total phenolic content of cherry, aronia and maquiberry was 31.32~95.05 GAE mg/g. Total flavonoid content in water extract was 2.07 QE mg/g in cherry, compared with aronia and maquiberry. FRAP reduction power of cherry, aronia and maquiberry was $86.94{\sim}331.83TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$. FRAP reduction power ($156.50TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$) of cherry was higher than that of aronia ($121.72TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$) at $95^{\circ}C$ deionized water extract. In the case of water extract, $117.00TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$, and cherry was higher in ABTS radical scavenging ability than aronia ($86.55{\mu}mol/g$). DPPH radical scavenging activity of cherry, aronia and maquiberry was $26.34{\sim}493.53TEAC\;{\mu}mol/g$. DPPH radical scavenging activity was lowest in cherry. In conclusion, in place of foreign expensive aronia and maquiberry, the price of cherry is low and use of cherry widely distributed has increased and is used as a material of functional food.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.114-114
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• 2002

포유동물에서 뇌와 부신에서 합성.분비되는 카테콜아민(Catecholamine, CA)계 신경전달물질인 dopamine(DA), norepinephrine(NE), epinephrine(E)은 체내 각종 생리현상의 조절에 필수적이며, 생식과 관련지어서는 시상하부-뇌하수체 간 GnRH-gonadotropin 호르몬 축의 활성을 조절하는 기능 외에도 번식과 관련된 여러 행동양식을 조절함이 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 CA 생합성 효소들인 tyrosine hydroxylase(TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase(DBH), phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase(PNMT)의 유전자 발현에 미치는 sex steroid의 영향을 조사하였다. 성숙한 암컷 횐쥐(SD strain)의 난소를 제거하고 1주 경과 후 vehicle(sesame oil; OVX+Oil 실험군) 또는 estradiol 17$\beta$(235ug/m1; OVX+E$_2$실험군)이 든 silastic capsule(길이 14mm; 내경 1.55mm; 외경 3.125mm)을 48 시간 동안 처리한 뒤 희생시켰다. 적출된 조직으로부터 RNA를 추출한 후 semi-quantitative RT-PCR을 시행하였다. (i) TH의 발현 정도는 OVX+Oil 군에서는 시상하부) substantia nigra(SNc)) 부신 순으로, OVX+E$_2$군에서는 SN글 부신) 시상하부 순으로 나타났다. TH 발현에 미치는 estradiol의 효과로 SNc과 부신에서는 유의한 증가를 보인데 비해 시상하부에서는 유의한 감소를 관찰하였다. (ii) DBH 발현 정도는 OVX+Oil군에서는 SNc> 부신> 시상 하부 순으로, OVX+E$_2$군에서는 부신＞ SNc＞ 시상하부 순이었다. DBH 발현에 미치는 estradiol의 효과로 SNc에서는 유의한 감소, 부신에서는 유의한 증가, 그리고 시상하부에서는 통계적 유의성은 없으나 감소하는 경향을 보였다. (iii) PNMT의 발현의 경우 SNc와 시상하부에서는 기보고된 바와 같이 alternative splicing에 의해 110bp 차이의 크고 작은 두 형태의 cDNA(PNMTI & PNMTs)가 증폭되었으나 부신에서는 작은 cDNA 만이 관찰되었다. PNMTs의 발현 정도는 OVX+Oil군과 OVX+E$_2$군에서 공히 부신＞ 시상하부＞ SNc 순이었고, PNMTI의 발현은 SNc가 시상하부 보다 다소 높은 경향이었으나 유의성은 없었다. PNMTs 발현에 미치는 estradiol의 효과로 SNc에서는 유의한 감소, 부신에서는 유의한 증가, 그리고 시상하부에서는 통계적 유의성은 없으나 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 CA 생합성 효소들의 유전자 발현의 조절에 미치는 estrogen 의 영향이 세포 기원이 neural crest cell인 부신 수질은 물론 뇌의 상이한 지역간에서도 조직특이적임을 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과는 각 조직에서의 estrogen 수용체 유형의 차이 혹은 작용 모드와 각 효소 유전자 발현 사이에 중요한 상관관계가 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2010

Objective : Hyperhidrosis is the secretion of sweat in amounts greater than physiologically needed for thermoregulation. Ryodoraku is a physiological function test using electric current, and is closely related to skin sympathetic tone. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Ryodoraku and association of Ryodoraku with hyperhidrosis. Methods : For this study, we conducted Ryodoraku on 56 people, comprising 33 with palmar-plantar hyperhidrosis and 23 with head-face hyperhidrosis, who visited the 5th Internal Department of the Oriental Medicine Hospital of Kyung Hee University during the period from March 1, 2008 to May 31, 2009. Ryodoraku scores were evaluated and compared by 7 indices(upper, lower, left, right, yin, yang, total score). Results : Ryodoraku scores were significantly higher in hyperhidrosis patients than the normal group. Ryodoraku scores of palmar-plantar hyperhidrosis patients were significantly higher than of head-face hyperhidrosis patients and the normal group. The difference of Ryodoraku indices among palmar-plantar hyperhidrosis patients were insignificant. In head-face hyperhidrosis patients, the upper index was significant higher than the lower index. Conclusions : In hyperhidrosis patients, all indices were significant higher than lower. The upper/lower ratio was significant higher in head-face hyperhidrosis patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate changes of gastric vagal nerve activity and pyloric valve function after execution of combination treatments of both electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) and manual acupuncture at other acupoints in patient with functional dyspepsia. Methods : Bowel sounds of 49 patients (18 male, 31 female) were recorded and their % of bowel sound (%BS) and ratio of dominant frequency (DF) were analyzed. Postprandial %BS was used to indicate the gastric vagal activity after eating. Ratio of postprandial/fasting dominant frequency was used to present the degree of pyloric valve function. According to values of %BS and DF ratio, each patient was classified into normal or abnormal (<6 %BS, hypoactivity: <1 DF ratio, dysfunction) group. For 2 weeks, patients received a treatment consisting of both electroacupuncture stimulation at Zusanli (ST36) and acupuncture at other meridian points. Variation of parameters shifting normal to abnormal or abnormal to normal was observed, and total cure rate was calculated. Results : Total cure rate of %BS was 16%, and that of DF was 37%. Patients who improved to normal value from abnormal or aggravated to abnormal level showed both significant difference in both vagal nerve hypoactivity and pyloric valve dysfunction, respectively. Conclusions : Analysis of bowel sound might be useful to evaluate both gastric vagal nerve activity and pyloric valve function. Combination effects of Zusanli (ST36) electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture of other acupoints showed a bidirectional effect in which their activity and function were in general improved. sometimes from aggravated to abnormal level.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2007

Recently, one of the most interesting topic in the field of wastewater treatment is the disposal of excess sludge. The new concept of excess sludge reduction with recirculation of solubilized sludge via effective microorganisms for cell disruption within the wastewater treatment process has been developed in this study. The alkalophiles for degradation of sludge cell wall were isolated as Exiguobacterium sp., which could be more effectively solubilized sludge in the anaerobic condition. The SCOD of solubilized excess sludge by Exiguobacterium sp. was up to about 2,000mg/L and average TN and TP concentration of solubilized component were 117mg/L and 58mg/L, respectively and C/N ratio was more than 17. To investigate the effects of solubilized sludge by alkalophiles on excess sludge reduction and nutrient removal efficiency, the pilot plant of $DF^{(S)}-MBR$ process, combined with membrane bioreactor and sludge solubilization tank, was operated. In the control run(without sludge solubilization), the daily sludge production was about 4.54 kgMLVSS/day. However, in the $DF^{(S)}-MBR$(with sludge solubilization), the daily sludge production was decreased to 1.39kgMLVSS/day. The effluent quality satisfied the effluent regulation in both cases. Furthermore, the $DF^{(S)}-MBR$ showed relatively better TN removal efficiency in spite of high influent loading. So we concluded that the solubilized excess sludge by alkalophiles was effectively degraded in the MBR process as the carbon source and 70% of sludge reduction efficiency can be achieved.