• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.289
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• pp.26-36
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• 2013

'당뇨발'은 '당뇨환자에서 신경학적 이상이나 말초혈관 이상 때문에 발생하는 발의 궤양으로 감염이나 심부 조직의 파괴를 동반하기도 하는 발의 질병'이라고 정의할 수 있다. 하지만 실제로는 발에 궤양이 발생한 상태가 아니더라도 매우 포괄적인 용어(umbrella term)로서 당뇨병환자에게서 발생하는 발의 만성 합병증을 총칭하는 것이 일반적이다. 왜냐하면 발의 궤양을 동반하지 않는 괴저(괴사), 심부 감염, 신경병증성 관절증(Charcot arthropathy) 등도 당뇨발의 범주에 포함시켜야 하기 때문이다. 이렇게 보면 '당뇨발'이란 의학적 진단명으로는 적절하지 않은 용어라 할 수도 있다. 다만 이미 일반화된 용어로서 환자의 교육과 설명에는 더 유용하다고 할 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 1987

Incilaria fruhstorferi daiseninana의 뇌는 쌍을 이루고 있는 뇌(cerebral), 측(pleural), 노(parietal), 족(pedal)신경절과 단일 복부(abdominal)신경절로 구성되어 있으며, 이들은 융합된 신경고리를 이루고 있었다. 복부신경절로부터 나오는 내장신경은 생식, 장, 심장, 신장신경등으로 분지되어 이들 각 기관에 신경을 공급하고 있었다. 다음 3가지 방법, 즉, 내장신경을 Ni$^2$+로 역방향으로 충진하여 세포체를 염색하는 방법, 형광화합물 Lucifer yellow를 세포내로 주입하는 방법, 세포내활동전위와 내장신경의 세포외 활동전위를 동시에 측정하는 방법으로 적어도 12가지의 동정된 뉴우런이 내장신경과 관련되고 있음을 알았다. 알아낸 각 세포의 전기생리학적인 특성을 검지하고, 이것과 각 세포의 돌기 분지상태와의 관련 및 일부 세포간의 상호관계를 검사하였다. 이들중 8가지 세포가 내장신경에 축색돌기를 내보내는 효과신경세포라는 증거를 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2005

Autistic disorder and other PDD are currently viewed as a largely genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorder, although its underlying biological causes remain to be established. In this review, we examine the available neurodevelopmental literature on autistic disorder and discuss the findings that have emerged. Typical neuropathological observations are rather consistent with respect to the limbic system (increased cell packing density and smaller neuronal size), the cerebellum (decreased number of Purkinje cells) and the cerebral cortex ($>50\%$ of the cases showed features of cortical dysgenesis). However, most of the reported studies had to contend with the problem of small sample sizes, the use of quantification techniques, not free of bias and assumptions, and high percentages of autistic subjects with comorbid mental retardation or epilepsy. Furthermore, data from the limbic system and on age-related changes lack replication by independent groups. It is anticipated that future neuropathological studies held great promise, especially as new techniques such as design-based stereology and gene expression are increasingly implemented and combined, larger samples are analysed, and younger subjects free of comorbidities are investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 1996

During the development of hepatic encephalopathy after thioacetamide (TAA) injection to rat, EEG was recorded at two different states: without or with tactile stimulation of tail at regular intervals. Calculations based on the spectral and band analysis were used. The changes in the power spectra and bands were examined in 3 different behavioral stages: normal, mild ataxia and severe ataxia. In normal rats, the stimulation produced the increase in the power of the theta $(3.5{\sim}8\;Hz)$ and the gamma $(30{\sim}50\;Hz)$ bands. These changes could not be produced in rats with the mild and severe ataxia. The changes in the power of the theta band occurred earlier than those of the beta3 and the gamma bands in the stimulated state. Gradual decreases in the spectral power of the beta3 $(21{\sim}30\;Hz)$ and the gamma bands were correlated with the progress of the stages from normal condition to mild to severe ataxia in both unstimulated and stimulated states. The results indicate that the spectral and band analysis used in this study can quantify the severity of the neurological malfunction during HE.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2021

The purpose of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) ligation is to prevent neurological injury and the poor blood supply through ligation of arteriovenous fistula. Therefore, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (INM) is required via multimodal neurological examination for minimizing the side effects after surgery based on the patient's symptoms. Transcranial electric motor-evoked potentials (TceMEP) help to check the condition of the corticospinal tract. Whenever ligation is performed, TceMEP should be performed every minute to check for abnormalities. However, an examiner's lack of knowledge about the operation procedure and examination and also poor communication between the examiner and surgeon can cause incorrect timing of the stimulation of TceMEP that interferes with the procedure and causes side effects such as paralysis and motor weakness. As a result of this SDAVF ligation survey, it is believed that for proper INM, case reports will be needed along with further research and the examiner will also have to work closely with the surgeon to minimize neurological damage to patients.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

Primary radial nerve palsy occurs in association with approximately 10% of humerus shaft fractures. Secondary radial nerve palsy, which is iatrogenic, occurs in association with approximately 10% to 20% of humerus shaft fractures. Whether the radial nerve palsy is caused primarily by the fracture or secondarily by the surgery, it is necessary to determine whether the radial nerve is being disrupted or compressed by the surrounding structures. This evaluation will dictate whether to await natural recovery or to perform surgical exploration. The current authors report one case of primary radial nerve palsy, due to the humerus fracture, and one case of secondary radial nerve palsy, associated with the osteosynthesis procedure. In both patients, the radial nerve was assessed for anatomical integrity with ultrasonography. Nerve disruption was found in one patient, and a sural nerve graft was performed. Nerve adhesion was found in the other patient, and neurolysis was performed. In both cases, the clinical results were satisfactory. This report focuses on the usefulness of ultrasonography in radial nerve assessment in patients with radial nerve palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 2021

Spinal hematomas are a rare but serious complication that is typically observed in the epidural space. Spinal subdural hematomas are a dangerous clinical situation because of their potential to cause significant compression of the neural elements and can be mistaken easily for spinal epidural hematomas. This paper reports a case of a severe whole lumbar subdural hematoma after a simple epidural injection that was treated with surgical decompression with excellent clinical results.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2007

진단기술과 약물치료기법 및 신경학적 과정에 대한 이해가 발전됨으로 인하여 치과의사는 간질환자를 더 잘 이해하고 치료할 수 있게 되었다. 간질환자는 몇 가지 주의사항만 지킨다면 일반치과에서도 쉽게 치료할 수 있다. 즉, 의학적 병력과 함께 매 번 방문 시 마다 치과치료 전에 현재상태에 대한 평가가 필요하다. 기왕력 중 발작은 치료계획수립시 반드시 고려되어야 한다. 치과의사는 간질이나 경련성질환에 대하여 포괄적이며 통합적 이해를 통하여 환자의 구강건강뿐 아니라 나아가 전신건강을 증진하는 데 기여할 수 있다.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.1
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• pp.17-19
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• 1998

NNNS는 정상, 고위험신생아의 포괄적 검사를 위하여 고안된 것으로서 (1) 중추신경계의 통합성을 반영하는 항목들 뿐만아니라 능동 및 수동 근육탄력성과 원초적 반사작용들을 사정하는 고전적 신경학적 항목; (2) 의식상태, 감각 및 상호작용 반응들을 포함하는 행동종목들; (3) 스트레스/위축항목들의 세 부분으로 구성된다. 이와같이 NNNS는 발달과 행동의 성숙, 중추신경계의 통합성 그리고 영아의 스트레스반응들을 사정한다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2001

Stress has been linked to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various psychiatric illnesses. Over the past few years, our understanding of the brain and neuroendocrine systems that are linked to stress responses has increased enormously. This article reviews a series of animal and human studies to understand what are the central pathways by which stress is perceived, processed, and transduced into a neuroendocrine response. We focus on the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(LHPA) axis and several neurotransmitter systems such as norepinephrine, CRF, serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine. LHPA stress circuit is a complex system with multiple control mechanisms which are altered in pathological states. CRF and related peptides in the central nervous system appear to enhance behavioral responses to stressors. Norepinephrine systems are also activated by stressors and cause the release of catecholamines from the autonomic nervous system. CRF-norepinephrine interaction makes a feed-forward system which may be important for an organism to mobilize not only the pituitary system but also the central nervous system, in response to environmental challenges. The interactions among several neurotransmitters and endocrine systems appear to play key roles in mediating various behavioral and psychological stress responses involving abnormal responses to stressors such as anxiety and affective disorders.