• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to determine the neuroprotective effects of the water extract of Angelicae Acutilobae Radix(AA) on ischemia reperfusion-induced apoptosis in SK-N-SH human brain neuronal cells. Methods: SK-N-SH cells were treated with different concentrations of AA water extract (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) for 2 hr and then stimulated with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline containing CI-DPBS: 3mM sodium azide and 10 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose for 45 min, reperfused with growth medium, and incubated for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by WST-1 assay, and ATP/ADP levels were measured by ADP/ATP ratio assay kit. The levels of caspase-3 protein were determined by Western blot and apoptotic body was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Results : AA extract significantly inhibited decreasing the cell viability in ischemia-induced SK-N-SH cells. AA also increased the ratio of ADP/ATP in ischemia-induced neuronal cells and decreased the expression levels of apoptotic protein, caspase-3 and apoptotic DNA damage. Conclusions : Our results suggest that AA extract has a neuroprotective property via suppressing the apoptosis and increasing the energy levels in neuronal cells, suggesting that AA extract may has a therapeutic potential in the treatment of ischemic brain injury.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Objectives : LI11 has been known to suppress epileptic seizure. Using an mouse epilepsy model, we investigated whether acupuncture stimulation at LI11 can suppress kainic acid(KA)-induced epileptic seizure and apoptosis in the mouse hippocampus. Methods : Eight-week-old male C57/BL6 mice(20~25 g) were given acupuncture at LI11 or ST36 once a day for 3 days. After the last acupuncture stimulations, KA(30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally and the degree of seizure was observed for 90 minutes. Twenty-four hours after KA administration, mice were sacrificed and the neural cell death, astrocyte activation and caspase-3 expression in their hippocampi were investigated. Results : Acupuncture stimulation at LI11 suppressed KA-induced epileptic seizure, neuronal cell death, astrocyte activation and caspase-3 expression. Conclusions : Acupuncture stimulation at LI11 decreases the KA-induced epileptic seizure and protects hippocampal cell death via regulating astrocyte activation and caspase-3 expression.

• 생약학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2013

The protective role against oxidative stress under cellular system using C6 glioma cells was studied using the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction, luteolin (1), and luteolin-7-glucoside (2) of Taraxacum coreanum. C6 glioma cells showed low cell viability and high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the treatment with generator of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and amyloid beta ($A{\beta}_{25-35}$). However, the treatment of the EtOAc fraction attenuated the cellular oxidative stress, resulting in significant elevation of cell viability. In addition, the production of ROS formation was also decreased by the treatment of the EtOAc fraction. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the EtOAc fraction, and the protective effect was evaluated. Compounds 1 and 2 led to the increase of cell viability and decrease of production of ROS against oxidative stress by $H_2O_2$ and $A{\beta}_{25-35}$. The present study indicated that the EtOAc fraction, compounds 1 and 2 from T. coreanum demonstrated protective effects against oxidative stress, suggesting the preventive role against neurodegenerative diseases.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the Intraocular pressure (IOP) and retina neuroprotective effect of Acer palmatum thumb. extract in glaucoma of DBA2/J mice vivo model. Methods : The amount of change in intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured every two weeks for 30 weeks in the DBA2/J glaucoma animal model. The increased IOP were regrouping into drug treatment groups. EW and EE (1, 2 mg/㎖)extract was eye drop administered twice per day for 8 weeks. After administration of the extract, IOP was measured every 1 week at a fixed time for 8 weeks, and protein expression levels and serological changes related to retinal function were investigated. Results : The DBA2/J mice were IOP increased as time dependent, resulting in damage to the retinal function protein related in glaucoma animal model. However, administration of extracts from Leaves of Acer palmatum thumb. prevented an increase IOP, increased for Brn3α, PKCα, and OPN1SW. Additionally, the experssion of Aterocyte maker, GFAP was decreased in DBA2/J mice. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that both IOP and age can be considered in studies using DBA2/J mice and suggest that the extracts from Leaves of Acer palmatum thumb. regulating of IOP and expression of proteins related to retinal function.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to determine the neuroprotective effects of the water and 80% EtOH extract of some herbal medicine plant on ischemia reperfusion-induced cell death in SK-N-SH human brain neuronal cells. Methods : SK-N-SH cells were treated with 3mM sodium azide and 10 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose for 45 min, ptior to the addition of different concentrations of herbal medicine plant extract (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 2 hr and then reperfused with growth medium, incubated for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by WST-1 assay, and ATP/ADP levels were measured by ADP/ATP ratio assay kit. Results : Herbal medicine plant extract significantly inhibited decreasing the cell viability in ischemia-induced SK-N-SH cells. Also increased the ratio of ADP/ATP in ischemia-induced neuronal cells. Conclusions : Our results suggest that herbal medicine plant extract has a neuroprotective property via increasing the energy levels in neuronal cells, suggesting that extract may has a therapeutic potential in the treatment of ischemic brain injury. The exact component and mechanism remains for the future study.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2022

Objectives : Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder threatening the quality of life and highly occurred in over 65 years old. Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional medicine used for the treatment of headache and convulsion, has been reported to have neuroprotective effect. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of GEB and the proteomic changes in the substantia nigra (SN) of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. Methods : Male eleven-week-old C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg of MPTP at 24-h intervals for 5 days. Two hours after the daily MPTP injection, the mice were orally administered 800 mg/kg of GEB extract, which continued for 7 days beyond the MPTP injections, for a total of 12 consecutive days. Two hours after the final GEB administration, the brain samples were collected, and dopaminergic neuronal death and proteomic changes in the SN were evaluated. Results : GEB prevented the MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal death and regulated the expression of 11 proteins including thimet oligopeptidase, T-complex protein 1, glycine tRNA ligase, and pyruvate kinase isozymes M1. Conclusions : GEB prevents MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal death by regulating the proteins in the SN.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2022

Objectives : Saam acupuncture is one of the indigenous therapeutic modalities in traditional Korean medicine. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of Saam acupuncture of kidney tonification was investigated using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice. Methods : Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally administered with 30 mg/kg of MPTP at 24-h intervals for 5 days and acupuncture stimulation at LU8, KI7, SP3 and KI3 was performed once a day for 12 days from the first MPTP injection. The pole test and the rotarod test were performed to evaluate motor function, and dopaminergic neuronal survival in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum was evaluated using tyrosine-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Results : MPTP administration caused behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neuronal death in the nigrostriatal pathway. Whereas the Saam acupuncture treatment alleviated the MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death in the SN and striatum. Conclusions : Saam acupuncture of kidney tonification can alleviate the MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal death in the nigrostriatal pathway, suggesting a possible role for acupuncture in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.76-76
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• 2020

Stachys sieboldii Miq. (chinese artichoke), which has been extensively used in oriental traditional medicine to treat of ischemic stroke; however, the role of Stachys sieboldii Miq. (SSM) in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is not yet fully understood. In the current study, the neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to simulate I/R injury in vitro model. The results showed that SSM improved OGD/R-induced inhibitory effect on cell viability of SH-SY5Y Cells. SSM displayed anti-oxidative activity as proved by the decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y Cells. In addition, cell apoptosis was markedly decreased after SSM treatment in OGD/R-induced SH-SY5Y Cells. The up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax, thus reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio that in turn protected the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, which was associated with the blocking of cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm. Collectively, SSM protected human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from OGD/R-induced injury via preventing mitochondrial-dependent pathway through scavenging excessive ROS, suggesting that SSM might be a potential agent for the ischemic stroke therapy.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2019

인지기능 저하는 장 단기 기억 및 주의력 소실과 우울증, 불안증의 증가를 특징으로 한다. 또한, 인지기능 저하는 알츠하이머, 파킨슨병과 같은 다양한 퇴행성 뇌질환과 연관되어 있다. 경제적 부담, 안전 위협을 포함하는 인지기능 저하와 관련된 사회적 문제는 고령화가 진행됨에 따라 증가하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 전 세계적으로 많은 연구가 수행되고 있다. 일반적으로 인지기능 저하를 유발할 가능성이 있는 원인으로는 노화에 따른 대사 및 호르몬 불균형, 감염, 약물 오남용, 신경세포 손상 등이 알려져 있지만 다양한 요인이 관련되어 있으므로 원인 규명이 어려운 한계점 때문에 뚜렷한 치료전략 수립이 어려운 실정이다. 최근의 연구에 따르면 퇴행성 뇌질환 발생의 원인과 이에 대한 치료전략 수립에 있어서 장내미생물의 역할이 중요하게 제시되고 있다. 특히, 알츠하이머병과 파킨슨병에서 장내미생물 조성의 변화 및 이들에 의한 대사산물에 따른 분자생물학적, 신경행동학적 증상의 변화가 밝혀졌다. 알츠하이머병 동물모델에서 장내미생물의 변화는 NMDA 수용체와 글루탐산의 변화를 통해 기억능력 소실을 야기하였다. 반면, 알츠하이머병 동물모델에 프로바이오틱스를 투여하였을 때, 비정상적인 신경학적 행동이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 파킨슨병은 장내미생물 군집의 변화와 직접적인 연관성을 보였으며 이는 이차적 증상인 변비 발생에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 파킨슨병 동물모델에 투여한 프로바이오틱스는 단쇄지방산 중 하나인 뷰티르산 증가를 통한 신경세포 보호효과를 나타내었다. 또한, 알츠하이머병과 파킨슨병에서 뇌-혈관장벽의 기능이상이 밝혀졌으며, 뇌-혈관장벽 변화는 장내미생물 불균형에 의한 전신성 염증에 따른 미세소관의 파괴 및 투과성 증가와 연관된 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 장내미생물 대사과정에서 생성된 대사산물은 퇴행성 뇌질환의 발생과 치료에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 인지기능 저하의 진행을 지연시킴으로써 심화를 방지할 수 있는 효과적인 접근법을 제시하기 위하여 인지기능 저하와 장내미생물의 연관성을 심층적으로 고찰하여 치료적 대안으로 제시하고자 한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.190-198
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• 2007

Alzheimer's disease, a representative neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accompanied by neuronal damages. b-Amyloid peptide is considered to be responsible for the formation of senile plagues that accumulate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. There has been compelling evidence supporting that b-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity is mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we have investigated the possible protective effect of Rehmannia glutihosaagainst b-amyloid-induced oxidative ceil death in cultured human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells treated with b-amyloid underwent apoptotic death as determined by morphological features and positive in situterminal end-labeling (TUNEL staining). Rehmannia glutinosawater extract, wine, and vinegar pretreatments attenuated b-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Rehmannia glutinosa vinegar exhibited maximum protective effect by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. in addition to oxidative stress, b-amyloid-treatment caused nitrosative stress via marked increase in the levels of nitric oxide, which was effectively blocked by Rehmannia glutinosa. To further explore the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of Rehmannia glutinosa, we assessed the mRNA expression of cellular antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of Rehmannia glutinosa vinegar led to up-regulation of heme oxygemase-1 and catalase. These results suggest that Rehmannia glutinosa could modulate oxidative neuronal cell death caused by b-amyloid and may have preventive or therapeutic potential in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Particularly, Rehmannia glutinosa vinegar can augment cellular antioxidant capacity, there by exhibiting higher neuroprotective potential.