• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.4
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• pp.970-976
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• 2023

This study reports on diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DL-GNT) in a 29- year-old male. DL-GNT is a rare central nervous system (CNS) tumor mostly seen in children and only few cases have been reported in adult patients. Our patient presented with a chronic headache that lasted for five months. MR imaging showed mild hydrocephalus, multiple rim-enhancing nodular lesions in the suprasellar cistern, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement in the lumbosacral area, and multiple small non-enhancing cyst-appearing lesions not suppressed on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebral hemispheres. Under the impression of germ cell tumor with leptomeningeal seeding, the patient underwent trans-sphenoidal tumor removal. DL-GNT was pathologically confirmed and FGFR1 mutation was detected through a next-generation sequencing test. In conclusion, a combination of leptomeningeal enhancement and multiple parenchymal non-enhancing cyst-appearing lesions not suppressed on FLAIR images may be helpful for differential diagnosis despite overlapping imaging features with many other CNS diseases that have leptomeningeal enhancement.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.465-477
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• 2000

Purpose: Thallim-201 ($^{201}Tl$) brain SPECT and proton ($^1H$) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been used to evaluate tumor grade and viability of glioma. We assessed the correlations between $^{201}Tl$ brain index or spectrum of metabolites of $^1H$ MRS and grade of glioma or histopathologic findings. Materials and Methods: We studied 17 patients (4 astrocytoma, 7 anaplastic astrocytoma and 6 glioblastoma). On $^{201}Tl$ Brain SPECT, $^{201}Tl$ index was measured as the ratio of average counts for region of interest to those for the contralateral normal brain. On $^1H$ MRS, we calculated choline (Cho) /creatine (Cr) ratio and N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr ratio in ROI defined as tumor center. Histopathologic findings were graded by Ki-67 index, cellularity, mitosis, pleomorphism, necrosis and endothelial proliferation. An unpaired t test and statistical correlations were performed to evaluate these data. Results: Tl-index showed the best correlation with Ki-67 index (p<0.01), less correlations with cellularity, mitosis, and endothelial proliferation, but no correlation with results of MRS, pleomorphism, or necrosis. The findings of MRS did not correlate with all of the above. The cases of glioblastoma demonstrated a higher Tl-index, Cho/cr ratio, Ki-67 index and lower NAA/Cr ratio, albeit without statistical significance. Conclusion: Even though $^{201}Tl$ brain SPECT did not correlate directly with grade of malignancy, it may still be useful in determining biological aggressiveness of tumor and prognosis of patients because it correlated well with Ki-67 index, a growth fraction of glioma, cellularity, mitosis and endothelial proliferation.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2007

Objetives : Identification of target genes for ethanol in neurons is important for understanding its molecular and cellular mechanism of action and the neuropathological changes seen in alcoholics. The purpose of this study is to identify of altered gene expression after acute treatmet of ethanol in rat gliom cells. Methods : We used high density cDNA microarray chip to measure the expression patterns of multiple genes in cultured rat glioma cells. DNA microarrays allow for the simultaneous measurement of the expression of several hundreds of genes. Results : After comparing hybridized signals between control and ethanol treated groups, we found that treatment with ethanol increased the expression of 15 genes and decreased the expression of 12 genes. Upregulated genes included Orthodenticle(Drosophila) homolog 1, procollagen type II, adenosine A2a receptor, GATA bindning protein 2. Downregulated genes included diacylglycerol kinase beta, PRKC, Protein phosphatase 1, clathrin-associated protein 17, nucleoporin p58, proteasome. Conclusion : The gene changes noted were those related to the regulation of transcription, signal transduction, second messenger systems. modulation of ischemic brain injury, and neurodengeneration. Although some of the genes were previously known to be ethanol responsive, we have for the most part identified novel genes involved in the brain response to ethanol.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2003

이 논문(論文)은 활성 산소(ROS)의 작용(作用)을 규명하고 호도약침액(胡桃藥鍼液)이 인간의 신경교종 세포인 A172에서 화학적(化學的) 저산소증(低酸素症)으로 유발된 세포 사멸에 대해 효능이 있는지를 연구(硏究)한 것이다. 화학적(化學的) 저산소증(低酸素症)은 세포내 미토콘드리아의 전자 수송을 방해하는 antimycin A를 가진 배양세포에 의해 유발(誘發)하였다. 화학적(化學的) 저산소증(低酸素症)에 노출된 세포(細胞)는 시간과 그 양에 따라서 세포 사멸의 결과(結果)가 다르게 나타난다. 화학적 저산소증에 의해서 ROS의 생산이 증가하는데 이것은 $H_2O_2$ 소거(消去) Catalase(과산화수소를 물과 산소로 분해하는 효소)에 의해 방지(防止)된다. Catalase는 화학적 저산소증에 의해 유발(誘發)된 세포 사멸을 방지하는데 비해 DMTU는 효과적이지 않다. 지질(脂質)에 녹는 산화방지제 DPPD와 물에 녹는 산화방지제 Trolox는 세포사멸을 방지하는데 효과(效果)가 없다. 호도약침액(胡桃藥鍼液)은 그 양(量)에 의존적으로 저산소증에 의해 유발된 세포 사멸을 방지하는 효과가 있다. 즉 화학적 저산소증으로 유도된 ROS의 발생을 막고, $H_2O_2$로 유도된 세포사멸을 방지하는데 이것은 화학적 저산소증과 $H_2O_2$의해 유도된 세포사멸에 대해 호도약침액(胡桃藥鍼液)이 방지효과(防止效果)가 있다는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 결과(結果)들은 $H_2O_2$가 지질 과산화와는 무관한 메카니즘으로 저산소증(低酸素症)으로 유발(誘發)된 세포사멸을 중재하고, 따라서 호도약침액(胡桃藥鍼液)은 지질막의 과산화를 방지하기 보다는 ROS를 직접적으로 소거(消去)함으로써 방지 효과가 있다는 것을 의미한다. 더구나 화학적(化學的) 저산소증(低酸素症)은 caspase와 무관한 메카니즘으로 apoptosis를 유발(誘發)한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

Purpose: To analyze the postoperative radiotherapy results and prognostic factors in patients with WHO grade 3 and 4 gliomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 99 patients with malignant gliomas who underwent postoperative radiotherapy between 1988 and 2007 were enrolled in this study. Total resections, subtotal resections ($\geq$50%), partial resections (<50%), and biopsies were performed in 16, 38, 22, and 23 patients, respectively. In total there were 32, 63 and 4 WHO grade 3, 4, and unspecified high grade gliomas, respectively. The biologically equivalent dose was in the range of 18.6 to $83.3\;Gy_{10}$ (median dose, $72.2\;Gy_{10}$). We retrospectively analyzed survival rate, patterns of failure, prognostic factors, and adverse effects. Results: The median follow-up time was 11 months and there were 54 patients (54.5%) with local failure. The one and 2-year survival rates were 56.6% and 29.3%, respectively, and the median survival duration was 13 months. The one and 2-year progression-free survival rates (PFS) were 31.3% and 18.2%, respectively, and the median PFS was 7 months. The prognostic factors for overall survival were age (p=0.0001), surgical extents (subtotal resection, p=0.023; partial resection, p=0.009; biopsy only, p=0.002), and enhancement of tumor in postoperative imaging study (p=0.049). The factors affecting PFS were age (p=0.036), tumor enhancement of the postoperative imaging study (p=0.006). There were 3 patients with grade 3 and 4 side effects during and after radiotherapy. Conclusions: In addition to age and surgical extents, tumor enhancement of the postoperative imaging study was included in the prognostic factors. The most common relapse patterns were local failures and hence, additional studies are needed to improve local control rates.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Brainstem gliomas remain an important oncologic problem in the pediatric age group. These tumors constitute between 10 and 15% of all intracranial childhood tumors and despite advanced in the diagnosis and treatment of children with brain tumors, brainstem gliomas are still almost invariably rapidly lethal. We have few of clinical records of braintumors and admission case in the oriental medical hospital, classifications of tumor, symptoms and etc, specially in the pediatrics, so we introduce a case of a 7-year-old child with brainstem glioma which is diagnosised by MRI in our hospital.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.688-692
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• 2000

The authors report a case of ganglioglioma in unusual site, the hypothalamus. The tumor was completely removed and no recurrence was noted on the follow up. Ganglioglioma usually occurs in the temporal and frontal lobe, but is rarely found on the hypothalamus. We report this case with pertinent literatual reviews.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 2001

Gangliogliomas are benign tumors, composed of neoplastic astrocytes and nerve cells. They are rare, account for 0.4-6.25% of all primary central nervous system neoplasms. Gangliogliomas affect predominantly infants or young adults. Gangliogliomas are preferentially encountered supratentorially, predominantly affecting the temporal lobe. Spinal gangliogliomas affect predominantly the cervical spinal cord. We report a case of cervical ganglioglioma which was successfully removed surgically, with a review of literature.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.324-333
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• 2001

Purpose: $^{123}I$-labeled fatty acids have been used in the evaluation of regional myocardial energy metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of $^{123}I$-BMIPP as a liposarcoma-imaging agent. Materials and Methods: We compared in vitro uptakes between liposarcoma(SW872) and glioma(9L) cell lines, and examined biodistribution and in vivo images of $^{123}I$-BMIPP in liposarcoma-bearing nude mice. Cold-BMIPP was labeled with $^{123}I\;using\;Cu^{2+}$ as catalyst. After purification by Sep-pak, radiochemical purity was determined by TLC. We compared cellular uptake between glioma and liposarcoma after incubation of 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 mins with culture medium containing $^{123}I$-BMIPP. The difference in biodistribution was determined between non-feeding (water only) group for 18 hr and feeding group in normal mice (n=6/group) at 0.5, 2, and 24 hr. In liposarcoma-hearing nude mice model, liposarcoma, SW872, ceil lines were injected subcutaneously into the felt thigh of nude mice. The biodistribution of $^{123}I$-BMIPP was evaluated at 0.5, 2, and 24 hr (n:5 / group) and in vivo Image of $^{123}I$-BMIPP was obtained with gamma camera at 2 and 24 hr in liposarcoma-hearing nude mice. Results: Radiolabeling yield and radiochemical purity were 95% and above 99%, respectively. SW872 cell line showed more increased uptake than 9L with 1.5 times at 180 mins. The clearance of $^{123}I$-BMIPP in various tissues was more delayed in the non-feeding group than in the feeding group, especially at delayed time (24 hr) in normal mice, and the major excreting organ was the gastrointestinal tract. In liposarcoma-bearing nude mice, tumor/blood ratio of $^{123}I$-BMIPP was 0.94, 0.75, and 1.38 and tumor/muscle ratio was 0.66, 1.53, and 1.11 at 0.5, 2, and 24hr, respectively. $^{123}I$-BMIPP was selectively localized in liposarcoma at 24 hr image. Conclusions: These results suggest that $^{123}I$-BMIPP can be used as a liposarcoma-imaging agent.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.638-641
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• 2001

Carboplatin intra-arterial chemotherapy(IAC) has an advantage of increased uptake during the first passage of the drugs through tumor capillaries. Although not common, this type of therapy is known to cause neurological complications, myelosuppression, and ototoxicity. However, the incidence of ocular toxicity is reported to be rare. Eleven of our patients with glioma(Grade II Astrocytoma : 3, Grade III Astrocytoma : 1, Grade IV Astrocytoma : 5, Gliofibroma : 1, Oligodendroglioma : 1) underwent IAC regimen with carboplatin($300mg/m^2$) which were administrated after blood-brain barrier disruption. Of there, 3 patients had ocular complications after supra-ophthalmic IAC injection of carboplatin but fully recovered following steroid therapy. Although our results from IAC seem to be favorable for these patients, we suggest that its complications, such as ocular toxicity, need to be carefully considered prior to treatment.