• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the recognition of the validity of the design changes that classified the type of design changes that occurred in the Apartment Complex Landscaping Planting Construction that have been ordered in 'A' work. This research was also carried out for the purpose of presentation of the basic data in order to effectively manage the change order of landscape-planting construction's future work. The following conclusions were derived. First, the 7 types of change orders in planting design were delineated as 'design changes for image improvement', 'design changes due to the mismatch of design statement', 'design changes due to lack of field study', 'design changes for consideration of the user', 'design changes due to consideration of the workability', 'the design changes for ease of maintenance', and the 'design changes due to the relationship with the Engineering species of other.' Second, it is possible to produce a negative impact of all construction costs have increased due to design changes of landscaping planting construction is grasped. Third, There were the most frequent change order in planting design for the 'image improving', 'due to the mismatch of planting design to the site situation.' Fourth, the results of confirmatory targeting professional landscaping areas, was found that the statistics of the type of change landscaping planting construction design seven derived in this study is valid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.13-15
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• 2017

정원(Garden)은 거주하는 주택과 외부공간의 전이공간 및 소통의 역할을 하고 있는 장소이며, 한국조경헌장에서 조경의 대상에 첫 번째로 거론되고 있는 중요한 조경계획의 대상이다. 조경학과 대학생들이 조경계획수업 시간에 처음 맞이하게 되는 주택정원설계에서 그들이 갖고 있는 정원에 대한 주제, 시설, 식재의 주요 사항들을 파악하고자 본 연구를 시작하였으며, 연구의 대상은 조경학과 대학생 2학년과정이며 시간적 범위는 2012년부터 2015년까지 4개년의 과제제출물을 대상으로 하였다. 대학생들의 정원설계작품을 살펴본 결과 첫째, 대학생들의 정원설계에서 사용되는 주요 주제는 가족과의 활동과 개인 취미생활, 자연에 관한 주제가 가장 많이 표현되었고, 이것은 정원안에서 개인과 가족과의 관계성을 고려하고 배려하는 곳이 정원이라는 인식을 갖고 있다고 보여진다. 둘째, 정원설계에서 조성되는 주요 시설은 휴양시설, 관리시설, 조경시설 순으로 배치되어 있으며, 일부 설계안에서는 교양시설과 유희시설이 조성되어 있었다. 셋째, 정원설계 작품의 식재경향은 교목위주의 식재가 많고, 관목과 지피와의 다층구조식재의 설계안은 몇 작품 보이지 않았으며, 독립식재와 군식 및 열식이 조화롭게 배치되지 못하고 있고, 지피류를 도입한 설계안이 많지 않았다. 오늘날의 정원설계는 다양한 디자인이 요구되고 있고, 근래 다수의 정원박람회에 출품되고 있는 정원작품 또한 디자인과 재료, 주제의 다양성이 풍부해지고 있다. 따라서, 대학생들의 정원설계과정에서 현재 학생들이 갖고 있는 주택정원에 대한 주요 요소에 대하여 다양성과 지속가능성을 높여줄 수 있는 효과적인 방향설정이 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

This study analyzes the validity of the type classification of the type and design changes of apartment landscaping planting construction design changes that were completed in the private sector, efficiently manages the design changes that are displayed over landscaping planting work in general in the future, and performs research by placing the object underlying the presentation. The results are as follows. First, the percentage that occurred in the planting construction of design changes that have occurred in the apartment landscaping construction was carried out in the private sector and accounted for 61.8%. This indicates that part of the planting is a major design change. Second, as the cause of such a design change to be those associated with the field conditions such as lack of main construction period. In particular, due to a change in oral, appeared 7-48 times design changes of one review design change approval is complex, design changes of planting construction had shown a feature that occurs in multiple simultaneous. Third, the 7 types of Design Changes in planting design were delineated as 'design changes for consideration of the user', 'design changes for image improvement', 'design changes for ease of maintenance', 'design changes due to the mismatch of design statement', 'design changes due to the relationship with the engineering species of other', 'design changes due to lack of field study', and 'design changes due to the consideration of feasibility.' Fourth, 'design changes for consideration of the user' and 'design changes for image improvement' were found in more than half of the frequency of the overall changes. This differed from the results shown in public corporations. Fifth, if planting construction design change process, private companies, it was found that is showing the approval of the practice after the previous construction of the construction cost savings due to construction time. However, in the case of a public corporation, these exhibited a different aspect from the private sector and show a design change procedure that reflects the changes after the design change events in the field have occurred. The above results, the type of landscaping works in planting design change of public enterprises, regardless of the private sector, is the same in the seven types, the main reason of and procedures for design changes, indicating that there are other respects. In design change, it may be desirable to apply becomes liquidity rationality and efficiency of the dimension, depending on the nature of the landscape construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2017

모터와 스크류를 이용한 경량 식혈기를 처음으로 개발함에 따라 실제 산림의 식재 시험에서 발생될 수 있는 것은 감속기와 스크류의 연결부분의 파괴이다. 이 감속기 축의 파괴는 토양내부의 큰 자갈로 인해 스크류가 낄 경우 식재봉을 좌우로 흔들게 되면 가장 취약한 부분인 스크류와 감속기의 연결부위에 가장 강한 모멘트가 걸리게 된다. 물론 작업자의 부주위가 원인이기도 하지만 감속기(K6G30C. Korea)의 축 지름이 8mm이므로 식재봉을 좌우로 흔들면 굽힘파괴가 일어날 가능성이 높다. 감속기의 축이 파괴가 되지 않게 하는 방법은 재료의 강도가 높은 새로운 감속기를 찾은 일과 기존 감속기의 축을 굽힘응력에 안전하게 대응할 수 있게 설계를 하는 방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 전자에 대한 조사와 동시에 후자에 대한 설계와 제작을 수행하여 기 제작된 경량식혈기와 비교 분석하였다. 스크류 축의 굽힘응력에 대한 대응 방법으로 감속기 축의 보강방법은 감속기 축에 식재봉으로 부터 굽힘응력이 직접 전달되지 않게 하기 위해 모터 하우징의 하부 위치에 감속기 축을 감싸는 Radial Bearing을 결합하였다. 그리고 스크류의 축은 상단의 지름을 크게 키운 상태로 감속기의 축에 연결하는 방법으로 설계하였다. 이때 식혈봉으로 부터 걸리는 모멘트는 스크류의 상단 지름에 걸리게 되는데 상단부는 모터 하우징의 하단과 단단하게 결합함으로써 감속기 축을 보호하게 되고 또한 감속기 축의 길이에서 Bearing과 스크류 상단부 큰 지름이 각각 반반씩 보호하는 형태로 설계하였다. 이와 같이 감속기의 축을 보강한 경우 종전의 식혈기보다 무게가 무거워지게 된다. 즉, 1차 식혈기 무게는 3.38kgf, 2차 시작기는 3.28kgf, 축 강도가 보강된 3차 시작기는 무게가 3.87kgf로 증가되었다. 따라서 종전보가 약 600g 증가되어 다소 무거운 느낌이 들었다. 여기서 리듐 폴리머 배터리와 가방의 무게 3.23kgf를 부가하면 1차, 2차, 3차 시작기의 무게는 각각 6.61kgf, 6.51kgf, 7.1kgf로 나타났다. 따라서 굽힘응력에 대한 보강의 방안으로 설계된 무게 과다가 현장 시험에서 작업자의 피로도 증가와 작업의 비효율성이 예상되어 포트묘의 현장 식재시에 이에 대한 평가를 수행하여 비교 분석할 예정이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.106-127
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• 2010

Although multi-layer planting methods are more widely used as a method for clustered planting and environmental programs such as plant remediation, difficulties have been faced in applying those to planting design. This study develops a basic planting model that can be applied to multi-layer planting in basis on an analysis of forest structures in the Seoul area. An optimal number of clusters was determined through the ISA (Indicator Species Analysis), and 7 basic clusters were found through a cluster analysis by using PC ORD 4.0 software specifically developed for ecological analysis. The 7 basic clusters include the following communities: the Quercus acutissima Community, Sorbus alnifolia-Quercus mongolica Community, Pinus rigida-Pinus densifiora Community, Rododendron mucronulatum var. mucronulatum-Quercus mongolica Community, Juniperus rigida-Quercus mongolica Community, Rododendron mucronulatum var. mucronulatum-Pinus densiflora Community, and Rododendron sclippenbachii-Quercus mongolica Community. The study also selected 57 species with at least a 10% frequency among the plant species existing in the Seoul area and suggested both a companion species and available similar alternative species by conducting an additional interspecific association analysis. This study may help to enhance usefulness of the model in architectural planting design. In addition, the two results named above were synthesized to develop a multi-layer planting model that can be utilized in landscape planting design by selecting similar alternative species through the interspecific association analysis, which includes 7 clusters of natural plants. The multi-layer planting model can be widely applied to design planting because the model has an average target cover range based on the average value of a transformed likelihood.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examine the state of confusion about those azalea cultivars(hereinafter, Azalea Cultivars) that are used among practicians in landscaping businesses(designers, constructors, and producers). Which Azalea Cultivars would be delivered when they were ordered to producers using the names of Azalea Cultivars notified by the Public Procurement Service. In addition, the situations of azalea cultivar planting designs in the planting design drawings of three apartments completed recently and whether the Azalea Cultivars on the design drawings were the same as those Azalea Cultivars that were actually planted were examined. When Azalea Cultivars were ordered using the notified names, three Azalea Cultivars; Beni, Three, and Daewang were delivered for the name Yeongsanhong and two Azalea Cultivars; Zasanhong and Hancheol were delivered for the name Zasanhong. Yeongsanhong was perceived as a common name of Beni, Three, and Daewang by producers. Therefore, this caused confusion between producers and purchasers. In the case of Zasanhong, as the traits of Zasanhong are similar to those of the cultivar Hancheol, the producers or purchasers might have been unable to clearly distinguish between the cultivars and thus two cultivars might have been delivered without being distinguished from each other. The names of Azalea Cultivars used in planting design drawings were the names notified by the notifying agencies or comprehensive and unclear names such as azalea and Yeongsanhong. Completely different Azalea Cultivars from those written in planting design drawings were planted in actual construction sites in many cases. These situations should have occurred because designers did not write accurate cultivar names in planting design drawings and constructors could not accurately perceive the classification characteristics of individual Azalea Cultivars but planted those Azalea Cultivars with similar flowers colors or those that could be easily bought to fit the conditions of construction sites.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2015

Large trees in the apartment complex are playing an important role to decide the quality of external environment. They are planted with the object of utilizing themselves as a landmark of the complex and enhancing space symbolism. Since planting large trees would require high maintenance costs and generate defect, it would cause decline in quality of external environment. This study researches on large trees in artificial ground of the apartment complex. This study analyzes actual condition of planting and tries to provide improvement direction of planting. In order to conduct this research, three target areas (over R30) and 265 trees are selected. Based on the drawings and specifications this study researches on the plan of landscape design, changes of field design, actual condition of completion, present condition of planting, minimum soil depth of growth and development and types of extra action for soil depth. The result shows that 85% of drawings and specifications for large trees in the apartment complex are deep-rooted tree species. On average large trees with R 35 are planted in artificial ground and there is lack of on average 65cm minimum soil depth of growth and development. Reviewing changes of field design is conducted in such limited size as mainly R30 and R40 and there is no extra plan for lack of soil depth. The plan for securing additional soil depth is done by 85% of mounding. However, since there is only 10% of satisfaction, the inappropriateness in securing additional soil is pointed out. This research also points out that the size of large trees, root characteristics and location-allocation for planting are pivotal factors for securing minimum soil depth of growth and development. This research also provides improvement direction in case of planning planting.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.127
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• pp.58-61
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• 2012

조경작업은 그 규모가 크고 작건 간에 지반 정리 등 토목공사 외에 바닥, 돌담, 울타리, 연못-분수 설치작업이 병행된다. 물론 식물 식재가 중요한 부분이다. 식재된 식물이 주변 환경과 잘 어울리고 더 빛을 발하기 위해서는 이 같은 다양한 조경 요소가 잘 조화를 이뤄야 한다. 여기에 조각품이나 미술품 등 각종 조형물이나 물레방아, 석등, 정자, 누각, 벤치 등이 함께 어울러질 경우 하나의 예술작품으로 승화된다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.42-52
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• 2008

This paper categorized the functions of and investigated the characteristics of planting in Pyeonghwa Park near the Seoul World Cup Stadium as a preliminary study for improving tree planting in the park. The functions of planting were deduced based on related theoretical studies and an analysis of the intention of design and environmental factors. The characteristics of planting were analyzed after drawing the distribution and stratification of dominant planting species and setting samples by function. The functions of planting were classified into natural landscape planting, buffer planting, and shade planting. For dominant planting species, pine trees and elm-like trees have been widely observed while various species in addition to pine trees in natural landscape planting areas have been introduced in terms of the function of planting. These trees that were randomly planted before the park was developed have been obstacles in the formation of natural landscapes. For buffer planting and topographical correction, tall trees were planted. However, it seems that comprehensive complementary measures should be taken on the under-story planting.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze the problems on several steps of the establishment of the Nature Ecological Forest in Yeouido Park, Seoul, and also to suggest improved approaches on each step. For execution drawing, planting models and plans seemed to be uncertain, and the quantity and size of planting trees seemed to be impractical. For construction, the woody plants planted on the site were different in species and size from the planting plan. Ecological planting was somewhat limited because of the inappropriate soil properties. For management, replacement of the dead trees was not executed properly, and no management scheme was prepared after the replacement period. We suggested improved approaches for the establishment of ecological forests in urban areas as follows: for execution drawing, overstory, understory and herbaceous ground cover layers should be composed based on standard plant community structures. Trees that are available from tree markets should be specified in the planting plan. For construction, trees for planting need to be tagged to identify species and size. When tree species and size are changed, they should be checked to ensure that they are proper to the plant community model. Soil information should be collected to check that they fit the target plant community model. For management, the proper amount of trees needs to be specified in the planting plan by applying regular discount rates, especially for trees supplied from the government sector. The replacement period should be extended from two years to five years. The change of plant communities should be monitored during first five years after establishment.