• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.652-655
• /
• 2013

Natural habitats of weedy melons were distributed on the islands along and on the west and south coasts of Korean peninsula including Boryeong, Seosan (Taean), Seocheon, Okgu, Buan, Gochang, Yeonggwang, Muan, Shinan, Haenam, Jindo, Wando, Goheung, Yeocheon, Hadong, Namhae, Goseong, Tongyeong, Geoje, and Jeju islands including Jeju city, Bukjeju-gun and Nam Jeju-gun. Weedy melons were found growing wildly in or around the cultivated lands in these regions. Natural habitats of weedy melons were in and around the cultivated lands. Weedy melon plants were found most often in soybean fields, followed by fields of mungbean, sweet potato, pepper, sesame, cotton, and peanuts. The plants were also found growing wild in foxtail millet fields, rice paddy levees along the streams, upland field edges, watermelon fields, corn fields, vegetable gardens near farmhouse, orange fields, compost piles, fallow fields, roadside and home gardens. They inhabited in sunny and a little dry spaces in relatively low-height crop plant fields in general. The time of fruit maturity was from early July to late October with the most frequency in September according to post survey answer. Fruits dropped off from the fruit stalk when matured. This phenomenon was thought beneficial for perpetuation in the wild. The fruits were being used commonly for food and toys for children. It was thought that weedy melons were perpetuating through the cycle of human and animal feeding of the fruits, human and animal droppings, often mixed in compost, and application of the compost to crop fields by human.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 1991

The preservative effect of cellophane film packing on the quality of semi-salted and dried mackerel was studied. The product(P) of semi-salted and dried mackerel was prepared from raw mackerel by filleting, cleaning, soaking in 15%9v/w) salt solution for 30min, draining, packing with cellophane film (PT# 300, thickness:$20{\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) and drying for 4 hrs at $40^{\circ}C$ in hot air dryer. The product (C) was also prepared without cellophane film packing after draining. The product (C) and (P) were stored at $5.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$. After processing and during storage, moisture content of product (P) was higher than that of product (C), but contents of VBN(volatile basic nitrogen), amino nitrogen and TMA of product (P) on dry basis were lower than those of product (C). Viable cell count, TBA value, peroxide value and decreasing rate of polyenoic acid of product (P) were also lower than those of product (C). In sensory evaluation, the shelf life of product (C) was about 9 days and that of product (P) was about 14 days. From the results of chemical and sensory evaluation, it was concluded that cellophane film packing was a good condition for preserving the quality of semi-salted and dried mackerel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.9
• /
• pp.1225-1229
• /
• 2007

Cold buckwheat noodles with 3% vitamin D2 enriched Siitake mushroom and seaweed derived calcium (Aquacal) added as functional ingredients were developed. For the prediction of shelf-life of these cold buckwheat noodles, classified as unsterilized cooked noodles, bacterial counts and sensory evaluations were examined during 8 days under refrigerated conditions (5oC) and 8 weeks of storage under frozen conditions $(-18^{\circ}C)$. Results of bacterial count showed that cold buckwheat noodles were microbiologically safe within 6 days at the storage temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and the shelf-life of these noodles could be extended to 8 whole weeks when stored at $-18^{\circ}C$. Apparent qualities (off-flavor and fungi development) of cold buckwheat noodles kept in $5^{\circ}C$ were not decreased within 8 days. Sensory characteristics (gloss, mushroom flavor, bitterness, chewiness and elasticity) of noodles were not changed during 8 weeks at $-18^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 2019

상동나무(Sageretia theezans)는 갈매나무과 상동나무속 식물로 특이하게 늦가을에 꽃이 피고 봄에 열매가 익는 수종이며, 최근 암세포 생장억제 효과가 입증되고 제주와 전남 남해안 지역에서 예로부터 열매를 식용 및 약용하여 민속식물로서의 가치가 크다. 본 연구에서는 향후 약용소재로서의 가치가 높은 상동나무의 대량증식을 위하여 식물생장호르몬의 처리에 따른 효과적인 증식법을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 상동나무 삽수묘는 고흥, 완도 일대에서 2019년 3월 19일에 2년생 가지를 수집하였으며, 3월 20일 삽목을 실시하였다. IAA(250, 500, 1,000 ppm), IBA(250, 500, 1,000 ppm), NAA(250, 500, 1,000 ppm), 루팅(200배) 수용액에 50개의 삽수묘를 3분간 절단기부를 침지 후 모래에 치상하였으며, 무처리구는 바로 치상하였다. 각 삽수상은 온실에 보관 후 1일 2회씩 관수 하였으며 120일간 유지하였다. 그 결과 전체 66.4%의 발근율을 보였고 캘러스와 뿌리의 발달은 평균 17.5 mm의 길이를 보였다. IBA 처리구가 전반적으로 높은 발근율을 보였는데 그 중 500 ppm 처리구에서 가장 많은 41개 삽수묘의 부정근이 형성되어 82%의 발근율을 보였고, 평균 20.2 mm 길이의 뿌리가 생성되었다. IBA 1,000 ppm처리구에서도 38개의 삽수묘에서 캘러스 및 부정근이 형성되어 76%의 발근율을 보였다. 뿌리의 발달은 평균 18.4 mm로 IBA 500 ppm에 비해 길이가 짧았으나 뿌리의 길이가 삽수묘간 차이가 커 가장 긴 개체가 32.3 mm로 나타났다. NAA 500 ppm에서도 높은 발근율을 보였는데 32개의 삽수묘에서 부정근이 형성되어 64%의 발근율로 나타났다. 뿌리의 길이는 18.9 mm로 IBA 1,000 ppm에 비해 발근율은 낮았으나 뿌리의 발달은 평균 0.5 mm 높은 것으로 나타났다. 무처리구는 29개의 삽수묘가 캘러스 및 부정근이 형성되었으며 58%의 발근율로 나타났으며 IAA, IBA, NAA 처리구 모두 무처리구에 비해 높은 발근율을 보였다. 생장호르몬 당 발근율을 보면 IBA는 500 ppm, NAA는 500 ppm, IAA는 1,000 ppm에서 가장 높은 발근율을 보였다. 루팅 수용액 처리구는 60%의 발근율을 보여 루팅 200배 수용액 침지와 무처리는 비슷한 수치의 발근율로 나타나 루팅은 상동나무 삽목 발근촉진제로 효과가 없는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.188-193
• /
• 2022

The Korean mint (Agastache rugosa Kuntze) is used as a leaf vegetable. Therefore, it is important to improve the quality and quantity of leaves by maintaining vegetative growth. When the development of a plant is switched from vegetative to reproductive growth, leaf development may be lowered, leading to a decrease in marketability. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of the photoperiod on the flowering characteristics and inflorescence development of the Korean mint to select an appropriate photoperiod for leaf production. The seeds were sown in 105-cell trays on 29 November 2021, and planted in each pot on 27 December 2021, when four main leaves appeared. After planting, the light/dark period was adjusted to 10/14hrs, 12/12hrs, 14/10hrs, 16/8hrs. After 19 days of planting, the first flowering occurred in 10/14hrs, which had a short photoperiod, and the 12/12hrs had 20 days for flowering, and other treatments had 21 days. In addition, it was confirmed that the Korean mint has the characteristics of facultative quantitative short-day plant, through the increase in the development of inflorescences as the light period is shorter than the dark period. As for the growth of Korean mint, the longer the photoperiod, the higher values were shown with leaf length, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf area of the shoot. Therefore, it is considered that 14 h or more light period is suitable for increasing the productivity of Korean mint as a leafy vegetable.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.150-154
• /
• 1983

Mushroom, Lentinus edodes which had been dried at $50^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours were extracted with small amount of ethanol, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether, respectively. The extracts were then dissolved in edible soybean oil, and the resulting substrates and a portion of the soybean oil (control) were placed in an incubator $(37.0{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C)$ for eight weeks. Peroxide values and TBA values of control and the substrates were determined regularly during the storage period. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. The moisture contents of the mushroom which was 84.88% on wet basis at the time of harvest were reduced to 15.12% after drying. 2. Extracts obtained from alcohols were effective in retarding the POV development. 3. There was not much difference among the TBA values after 14 days, but significant difference of the TBA values in control and the substrates extracts were observed in longer storage period TBA values of substrate containing ethanol and methanol in the later stage period were smaller than that of the substrates containing petroleum ether and chloroform. 4. In view of the POV and TBA value development, ethanol and methanol were more effective solvents for the extraction of antioxidant compounds in the dried mushroom than chloroform and petroleum ether.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 1991

A series of rearing experiments were conducted to determine the growth rates and feed conversion efficiencies of tilapia in accordance with body size or age in nearly total closed system glass aquariums ($270\;\ell$ each in water volume) and concrete tanks ($4000\;\ell$) from April 10 to October 16, 1987. The fish used for the experiments was a Japanese strain of Oreochromis niloticus, and the size of the fish ranged from 7 g to more than 1,000 g in body weight. The starting stocking rates for each experimental lot were 10 to 20 kg in the glass aquarium ($3.7{\%}$ to $7.4{\%}$ of water volume) and 200 kg in the concrete tank ($5{\%}$ of water volume). A single experimental rearing term was 14 days with slight variations on occasions. Water temperature was designed to be kept at $26^{\circ}C$ but slight fluctuations were inevitable. Dissolved oxygen level was designed to be maintained at around $3\;mg/\ell$, but it also showed some variations. The ammonia level in the glass aquarium section once reached up to $18\;mg/\ell$, but generally remained at around $4\;mg/\ell$, and in the concrete tank section it was maintained at around $1\;mg/ell$. The feed was composed of mainly soybean meal with a small amount of fish meal as the protein source, and the crude protein content was about $32{\%}$. Mean daily growth rate was $3.5{\%}$ of body weight with 0.9 in food conversion ratio in the glass aquarium when the mean weight of fish was around 10 g with gradually reduced performances as the fish grew bigger. When the mean weight was 800 g, mean daily growth rate was $0.5{\%}$ with about 1.5 in food coversion for fish in the glass aquarium, and $0.8{\%}$ and 1.6 for fish in the concrete tank, respectively. According to the mean growth rate obtained from this experiment, it was calculated that the fish reared in the concrete tank require 223 days from 50 g to reach 1,000 g which is the ideal size for market in Korea, at the conditions provided as above, and 302 days from 10 g fingerlings to 800 g fish in the glass aquarium conditions of the closed recirculating water system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.94 no.6
• /
• pp.370-376
• /
• 2005

Sarcodon aspratus is well known as a natural edible mushroom and a symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus with oaks. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of environmental conditions on the fruiting of S. aspratus on the hillslope of Wolak Mt., Jecheon city, Chungbuk, South Korea. Soil moisture and soil temperature in S. aspratus colony were measured hourly and compared with those in the non-colony soil. The mean soil moisture during the mushroom development was 14.3% in the colony soil and 16.4% in the non-colony soil. The S. aspratus colony soils showed 2.1% less soil moisture. The mean soil temperature was $16.8^{\circ}C$ in the colony soil and $16.5^{\circ}C$ in the non-colony soil. The S. asprauts colony soils showed slightly higher temperature. It is considered that more soil water was consumed and more energy was emitted during the mycelial elongation and the mushroom development. The development of S. aspratus seems similar to that of T. matsutake which is known to be considerably affected by soil moisture, daily maximum air temperature, daily minimum air temperature and daily minimum soil temperature. The season of S. aspratus development ranges from the end of August to the beginning of October. And Ellino phenomenon and its unusual change in the weather seems to affect primodia and fruiting body development. Especially if daily minimum soil temperature continues to become higher than $20^{\circ}C$, the damage of primodia and its fruiting body was frequently observed in the field plots during the last few years recently.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.460-466
• /
• 2009

Carbon fixation and density of crops are important to estimate carbon uptake or emission by agricultural production activities and to establish life cycle inventory of crops for assessment of climate change impact. In this study, regional carbon fixation and density in each part of 14 crops, harvest index, and ratio of aboveground to underground were investigated to estimate biomass of 14 crops in Korea by using agricultural statistics data. Biomass yield of potato was $16.5ton\;ha^{-1}$, which was the highest, and those of rice, sweet potato, and garlic were $10.5ton\;ha^{-1}$, $8.7ton\;ha^{-1}$, and $7.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. Biomass yield of Green onion was the lowest as $2.8ton\;ha^{-1}$. Carbon density of 14 crops were in the order of potato ($6.4ton\;ha^{-1}$), rice ($4.2ton\;ha^{-1}$), sweet potato ($3.4ton\;ha^{-1}$), rape ($2.9ton\;ha^{-1}$) and garlic ($2.8ton\;ha^{-1}$). Regional distribution of carbon contents for each crop mapped revealed that carbon fixation of rice, soybean, sesame, garlic, and green onion were the highest in Jeonnam province, barley, red pepper, and watermelon in Gyeongnam, perilla in Chungnam, peanut in Gyeongbuk, rape and carrot in Jeju, sweet potato in Gyeonggi, potato in Gangwon. The results can be applied for assessing life cycle inventory of crops and crop productivity using remotely sensed data.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.318-332
• /
• 2015

The maize production in South-eastern Asian countries showed a continuous increase with increasing poultry-livestock from the beginning of the 1990s to early 2010. Also the need for a new variety development of each contries was increased rapidly in the same period. Single-Cross hybrid varieties have been developed and supplied from 2001 instead of multi-cross maize varieties since 1992 in Indonesia. In Cambodia, CP group is mainly manufacturing feeds with most of the forage maize from farmers who are growing its seeds from the company. Cambodian main cultivars are varieties of multinational corporations such as DK8868 from Monsanto, NK6326, NK7328 from Syngenta and CP333 from CP group including local business company. Vietnam is the main maze importing country in South-Eastern Asia which had imported 13 times scale of amount compared to exports in average from 1990 to 2011. Vietnamese government has developed a range of varieties for improving their efficiency in production, such as the LVN-10 with political investments. Their production has been reached to 80% of the total. According to the 2012 MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) data in Korea, domestic edible maize cultivation area was approximately 15,000ha. It showed 74,399 tons of production, 3.8% of food self-sufficiency in maize and around 0.9% of grain self-sufficiency rate. The consumption of grain is mostly rely on imports in Korea. To overcome the limit of the domestic seed market and increase maize self-sufficiency, the need to develop maze varieties for world-class is increasing at present through analyzing the market trend and prospect of the seed industry in South-eastern Asia.