• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2013

An organic acid material, which can be manufactured by plants extraction, encourages microbe proliferation over time. Microbial activity, which is affected by organic acid, encourages accelerating consolidation with biochemical penetration; soil particles are compacted by microbes and pore water is dissipated quickly. Additionally, $CaCO_3$ for cementation was made by proliferating microbes. Accordingly, tests were conducted to investigate the unconfined compressive strength and permeability of soil samples aged with and without an organic acid. In the 96 days of aging, the strength was generally 1.5~2.5 times greater than those without an organic acid material and permeability was definitely decreased to 74.2~93.1%. SEM analysis showed the change of pore structure and the change of the total bacteria counts revealed the activity of microbes reflecting the engineering characteristics and this material would be an environment-friendly for soil improvement.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.970-975
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• 1998

Eighty percent of acetone extract were isolated from the leaves of Korean Oolong tea using Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel, Fuji gel. The compound reacted the red and the blue with anisaldehyde and $FeCl_3$, respectively. Instrumental analysis of the derivatives of this compound showed that the chemical structure was decided to $epicatechin-(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate$ as a kind of dimeric proanthocyanidine, that bound with -(-)epicatechin and -(-)epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, at the upper and the lower, respectively. Considering inhibition effect on xanthin oxidase by 62% levels at $50{\;}{\mu}mole$, this compound showed a possibility to be used as a new material for functional food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2006

In the present study, the potential hepatoprotective effects of poly herbal formulation, Hepa-1000, against oxidative damages induced by t-BHP were evaluated in HepG2 cells in order to relate in vitro antioxidant activity with cytoprotective effects. The t-BHP induced considerable cell damage in HepG2 cells was shown by significant glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and increased lipid peroxidation. Hepa-1000-treated cells showed an increased resistance to oxidative challenge, as revealed by higher survival capacity than the one of control cells against t-BHP induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. In addition, the Hepa-1000 had hepatoprotective effects lowering the activity of GOT and LDH, simultaneously. That is, it could inhibit the cell membrane damages resulting in the increased activities of GOT and LDH in the cell culture media. Furthermore, the Hepa-1000 could reduce t-BHP enhanced lipid peroxidation, which was evaluated by measuring the production of malonedialdehyde. Based on the data described above, it could be suggested that the Hepa-1000 has significant hepatoprotective effects and plays a protective role against lipid peroxidation by free radicals.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2009

A variety of herbs and plants have been traditionally used in oriental folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In our attempt to search for anti-inflammatory agents from natural products, we investigated 64 methanol extracts from 42 medicinal plants belonging to 10 families which were evaluated for inhibitory activities of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Among them, 16 extracts exhibited inhibitory activities of NO production ($IC_{50}$ values ranging from 59.6 to 94.7 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Only the extract from aerial parts of Hosta lancifolia (H. lancifolia) did not exert cytotoxic effects at the concentrations tested. The extract from H. lancifolia decreased the mRNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that the extract may contain bioactive compounds that suppress expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may prove beneficial with regard to the development of natural agents for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.273-277
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• 2011

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of natural herbal extracts including Houttuynia cordata and Eucommia ulmoides against human mast cell (HMC-1). Houttuynia cordata (HC) and Eucommia ulmoides(EU) were extracted with distilled water (at $75^{\circ}C$) and then freeze-dried for 5 days. Finally, the mixture of HC and EU were sterilized by ${\gamma}$-rays irradiation. Cytotoxicity of the mixture against HMC-1 cell was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. In addition, inflammatory mediator cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 were evaluated by ELISA kit on the HMC-1 cells with calcimycin A23187 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The results showed that mixture of HC and EU had no cytoxicity and reduced TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 response on HMC-1 cells.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2019

Medicinal herb in Asian countries has been traditionally used for a long time. However, the safety and adverse effect of medicinal herb have not been established yet. The aim of this study is to evaluate toxicity in the oral administration of Clausena excavata (C. excavata) in male ICR mice for 3 weeks and the noobserved adverse effect level (NOAEL). C. excavata has been used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of dermatopathy, malaria, abdominal pain, dysentery, and enteritis. C. excavata was orally administered daily for 21 days at a dose of 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day (MPK). There were no significant differences in mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, hematological, and serum biochemistry examination in all animals administrated with C. excavate. Consequently, these findings indicated that C. excavata did not affect the toxic effect in ICR mice and the NOAEL of C. excavata was considered as more than 2000 MPK.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2021

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of EtOH extract of the dried fruits of Amomum tsao-ko led to isolation of three compounds (1-3). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (MS, 1D and 2D-NMR) and comparison with literature values, as naringenin-5-O-methyl ether (1), helichrysetin (2), and cardamomin (3). Compound 2 was obtained from the genus Amomum for the first time. Among them, compounds 2 and 3 inhibited on the release of β-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells, with 99.1 and 21.3% at the concentration of 50 μM, respectively.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to determine the neuroprotective effects of the water and 80% EtOH extract of some herbal medicine plant on ischemia reperfusion-induced cell death in SK-N-SH human brain neuronal cells. Methods : SK-N-SH cells were treated with 3mM sodium azide and 10 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose for 45 min, ptior to the addition of different concentrations of herbal medicine plant extract (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 2 hr and then reperfused with growth medium, incubated for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by WST-1 assay, and ATP/ADP levels were measured by ADP/ATP ratio assay kit. Results : Herbal medicine plant extract significantly inhibited decreasing the cell viability in ischemia-induced SK-N-SH cells. Also increased the ratio of ADP/ATP in ischemia-induced neuronal cells. Conclusions : Our results suggest that herbal medicine plant extract has a neuroprotective property via increasing the energy levels in neuronal cells, suggesting that extract may has a therapeutic potential in the treatment of ischemic brain injury. The exact component and mechanism remains for the future study.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2022

Objectives : From this study, we sight to identify chondro-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Sorbi Commixtae Fructus extract and its compound, chlorogenic acid. Methods : Sorbi Commixtae Fructus were extracted by 50% ethanol. And chlorogenic acid in Sorbi Commixtae Fructus 50% extract was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To investigate chondro-protective effects, we treated Sorbi Commixtae Fructus 50% ethanol extract and chlorogenic acid in TNF𝛼-activated ATDC5 murine chondrogenic cells. After 24 hours, protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) and mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) were measured by using ELISA or reverse transcription PCR, respectively. To examine anti-inflammatory effects, we treated Sorbi Commixtae Fructus 50% ethanol extract and chlorogenic acid in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. We measured the level of inflammatory mediators, such as Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Interleukin-6 (IL6) by ELISA and nitric oxide (NO) by Griess reagent assay. Results : A concentration of chlorogenic acid in Sorbi Commixtae Fructus 50% ethanol extract was 3.9 mg/g. Sorbi Commixtae Fructus 50% ethanol extract and chlorogenic acid attenuated protein level of MMP3 and mRNA level of MMP13 in TNF𝛼-activated ATDC5 cells. Sorbi commixtae Fructus 50% ethanol extract inhibited the level of PGE2, IL6 and NO in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells in dose dependent manner, but chlorogenic acid has no anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions : These findings demonstrated that Sorbi Commixtae Fructus 50% ethanol extract has chondro-protective and anti-inflammatory effects showing possible therapeutics to ease the symptoms related with osteoarthritis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Objectives : This research aimed to investigate chondro-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract and its compound, tilianin. Methods : Caraganae Sinicae Flos was extracted with 50% ethanol. Tilianin in Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract was quantified by HPLC analysis method. To investigate chondro-protective effects of Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract, ATDC5 chondrogenic cells were co-treated with Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract (or tilianin) and tumor necrosis factor-𝛼 (TNF𝛼) for 24 hours. After treatement for 24 hours, media supernatant was used for quantifying protein level of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) by ELISA and harvested cells were used for analyzing mRNA expression level of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) by reverse transcription PCR. To identify anti-inflammatory effects of Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were co-treated with Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract (or tilianin) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 hours. media was used for quantifying the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL6) by ELISA and nitric oxide by Griess reagent asssay. Results : Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract and tilianin attenuated protein level of MMP3 and mRNA expression level of MMP13 in TNF𝛼-activated ATDC5 cells. Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract inhibited the level of PGE2, IL6 and NO in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells in dose dependent manner, though tilianin inhibited PGE2 only. Conclusions : These results presented that Caraganae Sinicae Flos 50% ethanol extract could be used as natural medicines for osteoarthritis.