• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1393-1402
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• 2017

In plants, calcium ($Ca^{2+}$)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are important sensors of $Ca^{2+}$ signals. Previous research demonstrated the expression of the OsCPK11 gene in various tissues at the transcription level, but its developmental and biochemical functions at the protein level were not determined. This study was aimed to identify biochemical characteristics of OsCPK11. GST- OsCPK11 was expressed in E. coli and used for an in vitro kinase assay. Biochemical analyses identified OsCPK11 as a CDPK. OsCPK11 autophosphorylated itself and transphosphorylated histone III-s and MBP as substrates in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$. The activity of the recombinant OsCPK11 was influenced by $Mg^{2+}$, with optimum activity detected at pH 7.0-7.5. OsCPK11 activity was not affected by $Mg^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, or $Na^+$ in the presence of a high level of $Ca^{2+}$. Autophosphorylation of OsCPK11 decreased $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of OsCPK11. An anti-OsCPK11 rabbit antibody recognized 95.5 kD of GST-OsCPK11, as shown by an immunoblot analysis. These results shed light on the function of OsCPK11 in $Ca^{2+}$-mediated signaling in rice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.76-89
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a science field study area using Geumgang(Geum River), fossil origins and various geological resources in Youngdong area of Chungcheongbuk-do as educational resources; and utilize them to develop an education program to cultivate earth science and topophilia. The Youngdong sedimentary basin (Cretaceous period) has a well-developed outcrop along the Geumgang and it is therefore easy to find various geological structures, plant fossils, and dinosaur fossils. Also, it has a distinct sedimentary structure, such as mud cracks, ripple marks and cross-bedding. Science field study area(6 observation sites) were developed based on school curriculum, textbook analysis, and professional earth science education panel discussion to create a convergence education program. The result of validating the developed program showed that all the items were satisfactory ($CVR{\geq}0.88$) in the test categories. The science field study teaching-learning model was applied to actual classes. The evaluation result for class satisfaction was positive, scoring Rickert scale 4.18. The result of observation about the outdoor classroom process in the science field study area revealed that students were able to form a new image of the beautiful scenery of the Geumgang. Also, the students could gain a new understanding, concept and value of various geological objects (sandy beach, stepping-stones, dinosaur footprint fossils, sedimentary formation), which naturally allowed them to form topophilia.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.217-231
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• 1993

Due to the increased awareness on the relationship between high cholesterol intake and cardiovascular disease, the development of low cholesterol eggs and egg products are necessary at the present time. Largely, two approaches are possible to develop low cholesterol eggs. The first approach is the production of low cholesterol eggs by altering feeds of layers, by administering drugs, by genetic selection of strains and breeds, and by management of laying cycle, age and egg size. The second approach is to manufacture low cholesterol eggs technically treated with adsorbant, solvent, enzyme, edible oil and supercritical fluid. Both approaches have their own pros and cons, respectively, as far as the cholesterol removal rates, the easeness of process, and the economic reasons are concerned. The low cholesterol egg production is quite labor-intensive and has relatively low cholesterol removal rate(30∼50％ ) compared to that of chemically treated eggs. On the other hand, the low cholesterol eggs treated with chemicals have a very high cholesterol removal rate (80∼90％) but some of the methods are not completely safe as food processing purposes due to the residual chemicals and the sensory quality is not as good as the low cholesterol eggs without chemical treatment. Therefore, further studies must be conducted to improve the sensory quality of low cholesterol eggs and to eliminate fear about the harmfulness using low cholesterol eggs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1545-1553
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• 2018

The International Society of Rare Sugars (ISRS) defines rare sugars as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely occur in nature. Rare sugars have recently received much attention because of their many uses including low-calorie sweeteners, bulking agents, and antioxidants, and their various applications including as immunosuppressants in allogeneic rat liver transplantation, as potential inhibitors of various glycosidases and microbial growth, in ischemia-reperfusion injury repair in the rat liver, and in segmented neutrophil production without detrimental clinical effects. Because they rarely exist in nature, the production of rare sugars has been regarded as one of the most important research areas and, generally, they are produced by chemical synthesis. However, the production of rare sugars by bioconversion using enzymes from microorganisms has been receiving increased attention as an environmentally friendly alternative production method. In particular, D-allulose, D-allose, and D-tagatose are of interest as low-calorie sweeteners in various industries. To date, D-tagatose 3-epimerase, D-psicose 3-epimerase, and D-allulose 3-epimerase have been reported as D-allulose bioconversion enzymes, and L-rhamnose isomerase, Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase, and Ribose 5-phosphate isomerase have been identified as D-allose production enzymes. Elsewhere, D-tagatose has been produced by L-arabinose isomerase from various microorganisms. In this study, we report the production of D-allulose, D-allose, and D-tagatose by microorganism enzymes.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2021

In 2012, the National Park Service conducted an ecological health assessment to efficiently preserve and manage the ecosystem. The need for improving pre-existing management indicators was recognized from the revised Natural Park Act because, while the indicators of the existing evaluation system focused on endangered species, ecosystem disturbance, diversity, water quality (BOD, DO), and habitat fragmentation, they did not reflect the lack of indicators for marine ecological assessment, policy changes, and the time demands. The evaluation results comprised a five-point grading system, which made the analysis of immediate changes, difficult. Therefore, the benthic pollution index (BPI) and habitat restoration indicators were added to improve the evaluation system. The National Park was assessed using 10 classifications, however, only four classifications were evaluated. The ratings were divided into five states, and ten classes were presented as pictograms. The assessment results showed a similar trend as the indicators were improved, increasing from level 3 to level 5. However, the results of the Wolaksan National Park after improvement in the indicators were lower than that before the improvement, whereas, for the Juwangsan National Park, it was higher. This study aims at contributing to the scientific and systematic management of the national park ecosystem by improving the ecological health assessment system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.299-309
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to categorize specific factors and characteristics of positive science experience by qualitatively analyzing the positive science experience cases in the memories of pre-service elementary school teachers. For this purpose, 101 essays written by pre-service teachers on the theme of 'my enjoyable science class experience' were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using an inductive analysis method, and as a result, the characteristics of positive science experience cases in the memories of pre-service teachers were categorized into 4 categories and 12 topic groups. Specifically, 'experience of exploratory activities using special materials', such as long-term raising and observation of animals and plants, experiments using edible materials, and using special experimental tools had a positive effect on scientific experience. In addition, 'experience of activities emphasizing scientific inquiry' such as emphasizing observation activities, experiments accompanied by clear experimental results, making activities, and using various materials also had a positive effect on science experience. In addition, 'student-centered activity experience' such as strengthening student autonomy, emphasizing collaboration between students, and performing science activities outside of the curriculum also had a positive influence on the science experience. Lastly, 'positive influence of teachers', such as teachers' encouragement and enthusiasm, helped to positively recognize science.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2023

National parks are one of the important types of protected area management systems established by IUCN and a management model for implementing effective conservation and sustainable use of natural and cultural heritage in countries around the world, and they assume important roles in conservation, scientific research, education, recreation and driving community development. In the context of big data, this study takes China's Liaohe National Park, a typical representative of global coastal wetlands, as a case study, and using Python technology to collect tourists' travelogues and reviews from major OTA websites in China as a source. The text spans from 2015 to 2022 and contains 2998 reviews with 166,588 words in total. The results show that wildlife resources, natural landscape, wetland ecology and the fishing and hunting culture of northern China are fully reflected in the perceptions of visitors to Liaohe National Park; visitors have strong positive feelings toward Liaohe National Park, but there is still much room for improvement in supporting services and facilities, public education and visitor experience and participation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate agronomic traits and classify phylogenetic characteristics of Korean wheat landraces (KWLs) collected in Gyeongnam province. We used the squash method for chromosome observation, image analysis to examine seed characteristics, and genotyping using commercial single-nucleotide polymorphism chips to construct a phylogenetic tree. All KWLs contained 42 chromosomes and two pairs of microsatellites as observed in Keumgang, a Korean wheat cultivar. All KWLs showed smaller seed traits compared with those of Keumgang, although KWL-3 had a larger embryo length than that of Keumgang. Among agronomic traits compared with those of Keumgang, all KWLs had a late heading date and ripening period except for KWL-3, which showed the smallest culm and spike length. KWL-1 had the lowest tiller, highest floret, and grain number. All KWLs showed a lower thousand grain weight than that of Keumgang because of their smaller seeds. In the variation of variety and area, the heading date, ripening period, tiller number, and floret number were affected by the cultivation area, whereas the culm length, spike length, and 1000 grain weight were affected by the variety. Correlation distribution analysis showed differences in agronomic traits according to the cultivation area, and the heading date was positively correlated with the culm length and floret number in three cultivation areas. Principal component analysis explained that the heading date had a positive relationship with the ripening period and floret number and a negative relationship with the tiller number. Principal component analysis also revealed that all KWLs had a lower thousand grain weight than that of Keumgang. Phylogenetic tree showed that KWL-1 was near KWL-3, while KWL-2 was near KWL-4. All KWLs were genetically near the Korean wheat cultivars milsung and saeol, whereas they were genetically far from the Korean wheat cultivars goso and olgrue.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.36-48
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• 2015

This study aims to contemplated the enjoying culture of Gyeonghwasejok's garden in late Joseon dynasty. It was track down the behavior from cultural perspective by using recorded in literature. The results were as follows. First, Gyeonghwasejok was the main principal of the garden at Hanyang in Joseon Dynasty. There are established residence in the downtown and make a garden. Garden organizer recognized to fine conditions of residences even crowded downtown. As a result people tried to include habitation and garden culture for preserve their cultural benefit. Secondly, Seongsisanrim culture has appeared of common in site selection of garden for occupies the scenic beauty. Garden was surrounded by scenic beauty. Garden organizer was formed archival culture for owning the beautiful landscape through creation of guguk(九曲), designation of space and lettering on rocks. Thirdly, Formation of the collection culture was placed of various ornaments inside garden. A behaviour of landscape view and ornaments appreciation led to the archival culture such as Won-rim-gi(園林記) and essay(小品文). Moreover, hold a friendship meeting for sharing garden culture. Fourthly, Attention of flowering plants was extended to development of gardening hobby such as fashion of pot-planting, planted to exotic tree. It was know that the plants are recognized as favorite elements by target of appreciation according to introduction of plants inside garden. In addition, facility of horticulture and kitchen garden were placed inside garden. Fifth, Influx of chinese garden culture influenced construction of garden space in late Joseon dynasty. Garden organizer recognizes garden as a ideal space by garden aesthetics that Hojungcheonji(壺中天地). And the imitation of Chinese garden culture such as collecting of Chinese's ornaments has become a high-level culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

The clonal variation in female flowering was studied in Larix leptolepis clone bank, consisting of 116 clones, for three years. The between-year variation was large; i.e. the percentage of flowering grafts and average number of flowering per graft were $28.4{\sim}67.2$ and $9{\sim}176$, respectively. Differences in flowering abundance among clones were large and statistically significant in all the years studied. The variance of flowering abundance among clones was increased when flowering was poor. The average of broad-sense heritability of flowering abundance was 0.52. The genetic gain(%G) was estimated at 57.4% when the upper 30% clones were selected. The clonal stability of flowering abundance was compared using average number of flowering and coefficient of variance value of each clone. The clones such as Gyeonggi 9(29), Kangwon 37(137), Chungnam 6(46), Chungnam 14(414), R11, R8 showed abundant flowering and high stability.