• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.164-167
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• 1995

Foreign holies in the upper aerodigestive tract are an important cause of morbity and mortality in older adults and children under 3 years of age. Fish and chicken bones are the usual foreign bodies lodged in the hypopharynx, and most of them lodge In the lower pole of a tonsil, at the base of the tongue, at the lateral wall of the pharynx, or in a vallecula. Recently, the authors experienced a case of aspiration pneumonia caused by chronic local inflammatory reaction of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx originated from a special foreign body.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.96-99
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• 2002

Recently we have experienced an about 15cm long foreign body lodged at trachea in the adult patient, it was a toothbrush bar of which the head had been removed by patient himself. Its tip was shown above vocal cord on videogastroscope, so we removed the toothbrush bar by using the foreign body forcep. So we report it with review of literature.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.193-196
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• 1998

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has been considered one of major causes in patient with globus symptom. Diagnostic methods for GER are gastroesophagoscopy, acid perfusion test esophagogram, esophageal manometry, 24-hour double probe pH-metry, and so on. According to the literature, positive rate of GER on esophagogram was reported variably from 4.7% to 45.9% and the outcome of classical treatment with antacid and prokinetic agent was reported from 70% to 84%. We reviewed the medical records of 81 patients with globus symptom. Each patient had been performed esophagogram and treated with antacid and prokinetic agent. Positive rate of GER on esophagogram was 46.9%. Complete resolution and improvement of globus symptom was 79% overally, 92% in positive group of GER rut esophgogram, and 72% in negative group. Considering aspects of time-cost and compliance of patient esophagogram is one of the screening methods of GER in patients with globus symptom. Antacid and prokinetic agent is recommended in treatment of patients with globus symptom.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.254-257
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• 1998

Esophageal foreign body are not uncommon problems in the otolaryngologic field. Esophageal foreign body may cause severe complications such as esophageal ulceration, esophageal perforation, periesophagitis, tracheo-esophageal fistula, mediastinitis, pneumothorax pyothorax according to the kinds, shape, size, duration of lodgement of foreign body. The majority of esophageal foreign U which lodge in the esophagus can be removed endoscopically, but the following type of foreign body may require removal by external route. 1. an impacted foreign body 2. a foreign body producing esophagitis after unsuccessful attempts at removal through the esopahgoscope 3. a periesophageal abscess with a foreign body lodging in the abscess itself. Recently, we experienced a case of esophageal foreign body (fish bone) which penetrate the cervical esophageal wall and formed retropharyngeal abscess in 54-year old female. The foreign body are successfully removed and abscess was drained by external route through the lat neck.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2007

Purpose: Ingested foreign bodies are removed by endoscopy, surgery or spontaneous passage, however, the decision of therapeutic modality chosen depends on the type, size, shape and location of the ingested foreign bodies. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the rate and characteristics of foreign bodies that were passed spontaneously out of the intestine. Methods: One hundred and sixty patients who visited Samsung Medical Center for treatment of gastrointestinal foreign bodies between January 2001 to July 2007 were enrolled in this study. Related data was colleted by reviewing the medical records of patients with proven foreign bodies retrospectively, as well as by conducting phone interviews with the parents of the patients. All cases were classified based on the nature and location of the ingested foreign body, as well as whether it was treated by spontaneous passage. Results: Of the 160 cases involving the passage of foreign bodies in children were included in this study (95 boys and 65 girls), endoscopic removals, operative removals or spontaneous passages were conducted in 80, 3 and 77 patients, respectively. The spontaneous passage rates for each type of object were as follows; coins (36.5%), bead and baduk stones (83.3%), long and sharp materials (52.6%), magnets (69.2%) and disc batteries (50.0%). In cases involving round-shaped foreign bodies, such as coins, the diverse spontaneous passage rates were more diverse. When foreign bodies were stuck below esophagus, similar sized coins and baduk stones had spontaneous passage rates greater than 80% regardless of age. Conclusion: It is better for clinicians to wait for spontaneous passage to occur in cases involving coins or round-shaped foreign bodies that are located at or below the stomach.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.759-762
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• 1996

Fifteen patients with esophageal perforation were treated at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovacular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital during the period from June, 1985 to September, 1995. The ratio between male and female patients was 9 : 6, their age ranged from 19 years to 71 years old(a erage : 49 years old). The causes of the perforation were various, spontaneous in 4 cases, foreign body in 4 cases, instrumental trauma in ) cases, chest trauma in 1 case, drug ingestion (chlorocalchi) induced in 1 case, tracheostomy induced in 1 case, unknown in 1 case. The perforation sites were intrathoracic esophagus in 9 cases and cervical in 6 cases. The Patients complained of chest or cervi- cal pain in 11 cases, fever in 9 cases, dysphagia in 8 cases and dyspnea in 5 cases. We have performed the following surgical procedures : incision and drainage, primary repair, gastrostomy for cervical esophageal perf'oration and primary repair, primary repair and pleural flap reinforcement, gastrostomy for thoracic esophageal perforation. A patient died of sepsis.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.52-54
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• 2004

Esophageal foreign bodies are common problems in the part of otolaryngology department, and may cause severe complications such as esophageal ulceration, esophageal perforation, periesophagitis, tracheoesophageal fisula, pneumothorax and pyothorax. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention is needed to reduce morbidity and motality. But, calcification of the laryngeal cartilages may masquerade as foreign body in some patients with a history of foreign body ingestion. Recently, We experienced a case of calcification of thyroid cartilage which was misunderstood as an esophageal foreign body and report this case with a review of literatures.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2003

Unintentional foreign body ingestion is common in children, and coins are the most common foreign body ingested. Foreign body remaining in the esophagus may be associated with mucosal ulceration or esophageal obstruction and can potentially lead to significant morbidity and even death. Removal of esophageal foreign body is therefore generally recommended. Several methods are utilized including esophagoscopy in operating room, flexible endoscopy in out patient setting, fluoroscopic Foley catheter technique, and advancement using bougienage. We report two cases of esophageal foreign body(paduk stone) which were hard to be removed by usual esophagoscopic removal. Successful removal was accomplished with the aid of Fogarty catheter under the general anesthesia.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2003

호흡곤란에 대한 적절한 대처는 의사로서 숙지하여야 할 가장 중요하고도 기본적인 개념 중의 하나이다. 상부 기도에 발생하는 여러 가지 임상적 상황은 흔히 흡기성 천명을 동반하는 호흡 곤란으로 나타나고, 이에 대해 흔히 기도 삽관이나, 기관절개술 등이 행해 지지만, 그 발생 원인에 대해서 감별점들을 숙지하지 않으면, 원발 질환에 대한 합리적인 치료 뿐만 아니라 응급상황에서 적절하게 기도를 확보하는 데에도 문제가 생길 수 있다. 후두 상부에 일어나는 기도폐쇄의 상황은 비강에서부터 인두와 성문 상부, 식도 입구부에 이르는 해부학적 위치에 발생하는 다양한 질환들에 의한다. 비강과 비인두에는 pyriform aperture stenosis, choanal atresia, lacrymal duct cyst, 또는 teratoma나 encephalocele과 같은 질환이 발생할 수 있다. 구강, 인두부에서는 다양한 종류의 안면골격의 이상이나 설거대증, 또는 설갑상선, 갑상설관낭종, 또는 유피종등이 설기저부에 발생하기도 하고, 흔한 이유로 심한 편도-아데노이드 비대가 심각한 호흡곤란을 일으키기도 한다. 특히 소아에서는 이물의 가능성도 항상 염두에 두어야한다 이와 같이 기도 협착의 위치에 따라서 임상적 표현 양상이 구별될 수 있고, 또 부위에 따라 다양한 질환이 감별되어야 하므로 발생 위치에 따른 각 질환의 이해가 적절한 기도의 관리를 위해서 필수적이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1998

Treatment of esophageal perforation when diagnosed late remains controversial. Ten consecutive patients since 1990 were treated late(later than 24 hours) for esophageal perforation with primary repair. Four perforations were iatrogenic, 3 were spontaneous, 2 were foreign body aspiraton and 1 was trauma. The interval from perforation to operation was 116 hours in mean and 48 hours in median value. The principles of repair included (1) a local esophagomyotomy proximal and distal to the tear to expose the mucosal defect and intact mucosa beyond, (2) debridement of the mucosal defect and closure, (3) reapproximation of the muscle, and (4) adequate drainage. The repair was buttressed with parietal pleura or pericardial fat in 9 patients. Associated distal obstruction was treated with dilation and esophagomyotomy intraoperatively. There was one mortality and cause of death was massive gastric bleeding due to gastric ulcer on 33rd day after operation. Five patients had leak at the site of repair and these cases were treated completely with conservative treatment except a mortality case. In conclusion, in the absence of malignant or irreversible distal obstruction, meticulous repair of perforated esophagus and adequate drainage are preferred approach, regardless of the duration from the injury to the operation.